LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Mehmet Gesoglu et.al (2014), examined the properties of rubberized plain pervious concrete in
terms of mechanical properties and the permeability. Disposal of waste tires has been a major
issue to the cities all around the world. Generally, the cheapest and easiest way to decompose
the used tires is by burning them. However, the pollution due to enormous amount of smoke
makes this method so unacceptable that it is prohibited by law in many countries. Therefore,
recycling of the waste tires seems to be necessary by means of innovative techniques. Also, the
other waste materials, such as steel fibres recovered from post-consumer tyres and aggregate
obtained from construction and demolition waste are necessary to be recycled. Innovative
solutions to meet the challenge of the tire disposal problem involve the use of waste materials as
Additives to cement-based materials and the production of rubber-powder incorporated asphalt
or bituminous materials.
Three types of rubber were used in the production of rubberized plain pervious concrete
mixtures which obtained by partially replacing the aggregate with rubber. One water-cement
(w/c) ratio, one moist curing period, and four designated rubber contents by total aggregate
volume were considered as experimental parameters. The results compared with non-rubberized
pervious concrete (control) mixture.
The use of rubber significantly aggravated the pervious concrete mechanical properties
and its permeability but in different degrees according to the rate and type of rubber used.
However, replacement of natural aggregate with rubber particles resulted in a significant
increase of toughness and ductility of concrete as well as better damping capacity.
2. Xiang Shu et.al, (2012) Performance comparison of laboratory and field produced pervious
concrete mixtures journal is the main source of their project. This gives lot of information about
pervious concrete pavement.
This paper deals with materials used, laying methods, curing methods, maintenance,
applications, design procedure, durability, and properties for pervious concrete pavement. This
journal contains a lot of figures and tables about pervious concrete, which helped us to understand
the concepts clearly.
The pervious concrete mixtures made with limestone exhibited lower porosity and
permeability, as well as higher compressive and split tensile strengths than the mixtures made with
granite.
The pervious concrete mixtures made with latex exhibited lower porosity and
permeability, higher compressive and split tensile strengths, and higher abrasion resistance
than those without latex. Although some laboratory mixtures with latex did not perform well in
the freezethaw test, other mixtures with latex did show better freezethaw resistance than
those without latex. Generally the addition of latex could improve the performance of pervious
concrete. The field cores showed higher porosity and permeability, lower strength, and higher
Cantabria loss (lower abrasion resistance) than the field mixture specimens made with the
standard rodding compaction method.
Properly designed and laboratory verified pervious concrete mixtures could meet the
requirements of permeability, strength, and durability performance in the field. Even for pervious
concrete, the addition of air-entraining admixture led to significant improvement of freezethaw
resistance.

3. B. Huang, J. Cao et.al, (2010) This paper presents a study in which the effects of aggregate
gradations on the permeability and mechanical properties of pervious concrete were
investigated. Pervious concrete with three aggregate gradations was characterized through
laboratory tests. Air void distributions were evaluated through conventional procedures and
image analysis. Theoretical and
 laboratory methods were employed to evaluate the permeability properties of the concrete
mixtures.
A preliminary study has been conducted to study the effect of aggregate gradations on
the strength and permeability characteristics of pervious concrete. Based on the limited
laboratory and analytical results, the following can be concluded. The compressive strength and
indirect tensile strength of pervious concrete with larger size aggregate was larger, which can be
attributed to the smaller air void and the more cement paste between aggregates if considering
the aspect ratio.
For pervious concrete, due to high air void, Darcys Law is no longer valid. Therefore,
proper procedures should be used to characteristic the permeability of pervious concrete. The
values of pseudo-coefficient of permeability K increased as aggregate size increased, which
means the hydraulic conductivity increased as aggregate size increased. The results obtained by
two different methods, image analysis and CoreLok density measurement, are consistent. The
void content in the pervious concrete is irrelevant with position. Considering the different
surface preparation method, the concrete with smaller aggregate should be more compact.

4. K. Cosic, L. Korat et.al, (2015) investigates the influence of aggregate type and size on the
properties of pervious concrete five different concrete mixtures were prepared, including a
standard dense concrete mixture and four pervious concrete mixtures with varied aggregate types
(dolomite or steel slag) and differing proportions of 48 mm to 816 mm aggregate fractions
(30:60 or 60:30). the results suggest that a higher amount of small aggregate fractions (48
mm) yielded higher density concrete mixtures and greater flexural strength. however, connected
porosity as a main parameter for estimating pervious concrete efficiency was surprisingly
influenced more by the aggregate type than the size.
In this study, five different concrete mixtures were prepared. The first one was a
standard dense concrete mixture, while the others were pervious concrete
 mixtures with two different types of aggregates and different proportions of aggregate fractions.
Crushed dolomite stone was used as a natural material, and steel slag from Croatian landfills
near the town of Sisak was used as a substitute aggregate material. The relevant properties of the
aggregates are given by Netinger et al..Steel slag from Croatian landfills has already been
proven to be a good substitute for natural aggregate in regular concrete mixtures; therefore, this
investigation did not focus on substitute aggregate properties.

Pervious concrete mixtures were prepared from coarse dolomite aggregate

(fractions of 48 mm and 816 mm) and sand from the Drava River (fractions of
02 mm); the mixtures and were prepared from a coarse steel slag aggregate
(fractions of 48 mm and 816 mm) and sand from the Drava River (fractions of
02 mm); and the reference mixture was prepared entirely from dolomite (fractions of 04, 48,
and 816 mm). Each pervious concrete mixture contained 10% sand from the Drava River. The
grain size distribution of all aggregate fractions are shown, and the cumulative sieving curves of
aggregates in specific concrete mixtures are shown. The grain size distribution of the aggregates
was determined according to EN 933-1:2012.

5. Anush K. Chandrappa, Krishna Prapoorna Biligiri et.al, (2016) Pervious concrete (PC)
mixtures were designed and prepared to measure and study permeability characteristics at
varying head levels using a falling head permeability meter. A total of 1092 readings was used
to study the permeability properties of eighteen PC mixtures whose porosity was in the range
of 1537%, and permeability in the realm of 0.0763.5 cm/s. The permeability reduced as the
head of water increased, and gradually attained an asymptotic relation with the head. Cement-
to-aggregate ratio had largest contribution in controlling permeability of PC mixtures.
Nonlinearity in Darcys law was observed in respect of permeability of PC mixes, which was
modelled using Izbash/power law, and was prominent for gradations consisting of larger
sized aggregates due to
 inconsequential tortuous pore structure. Modified Kozeny-Carman equation was fitted for PC
gradations to compare the results with Izbash law, which showed good agreement. This study is
deemed to assist in understanding the hydrodynamics of water flow in pervious concrete, which
in turn will aid in rational pervious concrete pavement system designs.

6. A.A.Haji, Dr.K.B.parikh et.al(2016) Investigates pervious concrete is becoming popular for

the construction of pavements, car parks and driveways. For the effective use of pervious
concrete, it is necessary to evaluate performance of this new type of concrete. The most
important property of pervious concrete is its water permeability as it is measure of perviousness
of the said concrete. To achieve high porosity only coarse aggregates may be used but it reduces
the compressive strength of pervious concrete. So, different categories of coarse aggregates are
taken to achieve the required compressive strength. Different Percentage ratio of (20-10) mm
and (10-4.75) mm coarse aggregates has been used to cast pervious concrete. As the ratio of
50%-50% has given optimum permeability it has been selected for further work in pervious
concrete. In this study, fly ash and silica fume has been replaced by cement from 0% to 25% and
water permeability as well as compressive strength of pervious concrete has been tested.
Results showed that Replacement of Fly ash from 5% to 25% shows decrement in strength from
4% to
28%. And permeability also decreased with increment of fly ash mix up to 30%
than normal pervious concrete as well as in silica fume, replacement from 5% to
25% shows that with 5% replacement of cement with silica fume increased strength up to
24% higher than normal pervious concrete. But with further increment of this admixture
with replaced to cement showed strength loss of 44% then normal pervious concrete.
SUMMARY FROM LITERATURE REVIEW

The porosity of pervious concrete ranges between 11% and 35%, which gives it
permeability, good drainage properties, and high noise absorption characteristics; however, the
high porosity also reduces the concretes strength.
The most important features of pervious concrete in its hardened state are
reduced density, permeability of 0.21.2 cm/s and compressive strength of 3.5-28 MPa.
Compared to regular concrete, pervious concrete has the main advantages of preventing water
from pooling on surfaces, positively affecting vegetation by supplying plants with
water/rainwater and maintaining groundwater
quality.
These advantages make pervious concrete appropriate for a wide range of
applications including slope stabilization systems, alleys, parking lots and light-traffic roads.