Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Meghmetro electrnico
GU-1066
3
"
Precauciones de Seguridad
Debern leerse y comprenderse las Precauciones de Seguridad y la Gua del Usuario
antes de usar el instrumento.
Respete rigurosamente las normas de seguridad para el trabajo con alta tensin cuando
utilice este equipo. Las tensiones generadas son peligrosas.
Jams deje la punta de alta tensin, el terminal cocodrilo o el cable de alta tensin apoyar-
se sobre la tapa de acrlico del galvanmetro. Esto puede provocar una carga esttica que
podr afectar todas las mediciones.
No haga cortocircuitos entre los bornes de salida de alta tensin y los bornes -R o Guard
mientras el meghmetro est funcionando. Adems de ser peligroso para el operador,
puede provocar la actuacin de los fusibles que protegen las salidas del equipo.
Este equipo debe ser operado nicamente por personas calificadas, aplican-
do rigurosamente las normas de seguridad pertinentes.
4
ndice
Precauciones de Seguridad __________________________________________________ 4
Smbolos utilizados en el equipo_______________________________________________ 4
Descripcin _______________________________________________________________ 6
Operacin ________________________________________________________________ 7
Funcin de los controles del panel ___________________________________________ 7
Alimentacin ______________________________________________________________ 8
Verificacin del estado de la batera ____________________________________________ 8
Carga de la batera _________________________________________________________ 8
Indicador de alta tensin _____________________________________________________ 9
Instrucciones de uso ________________________________________________________ 9
Ajuste del cero mecnico ___________________________________________________ 12
Mantenimiento____________________________________________________________ 12
Especificaciones tcnicas ___________________________________________________ 12
Accesorios_______________________________________________________________ 13
Boletn tcnico N 32_______________________________________________________ 14
5
Descripcin
El meghmetro electrnico Circutor MI-5500e es un equipo porttil, indicado para
medir resistencias de aislamiento de hasta 10.000.000 M con 4 tensiones de
prueba: 0,5 kV - 1 kV - 2,5 kV y 5 kV. Utiliza una tecnologa de alta confiabilidad
para proveer mediciones precisas, de fcil lectura, de aislaciones de sistemas
elctricos de baja y media tensin, transformadores, motores, cables, equipos e
instalaciones electromdicas, redes de distribucin, etc.
6
Operacin
Funcin de los controles del panel
! )
200
140 150 300
"
130 400
120 500
110 1.000
10 000
0
.00
5.
100 20 25 30
14 15 40 50
C 13
12
11 0,4 0,5 100
0,2 0,3 1 300
B 10 0,1 2 3
4
Icc=1mA 5 200
A0 10
20
# BATTERY
*
$
+
,
% -
& .
' /
( 0
1
7
Alimentacin
Batera recargable hermtica de 12V - 2.3Ah.
Carga de la batera
Este equipo posee incorporado un circuito inteligente que controla la carga de la
batera, pero que no permite el funcionamiento del equipo.
Nota: La batera pierde parte de su carga estando almacenada. Por eso, antes de
utilizar el meghmetro por primera vez, o despus de un tiempo sin uso, debe
8
recargarse la batera. Adems, debe evitarse que la batera recargable perma-
nezca sin carga durante perodos prolongados. Por eso, para compensar la des-
carga espontnea, se recomienda efectuar al menos un ciclo de carga cada 90
das.
Instrucciones de uso
1. Asegrese que no existan diferencias de potencial entre los puntos a los cua-
les se conectar el meghmetro, ni entre ellos y tierra.
ELEMENTO A MEDIR
TERMINAL
ROJO
TERMINAL
NEGRO
Los terminales coco-
CONECTOR drilo en el dibujo son
CONECTOR
ROJO
BNC
NEGRO
meramente ilustrativos
pudiendo haber dife-
rencias entre stos y
los que verdadera-
mente acompaan al
fig. 2 equipo.
9
4. Segn la medicin que se vaya a realizar, puede emplearse o no el borne
GUARD& al cual se conecta el cable verde.
5. Conecte los extremos libres de los cables rojo y negro al elemento a medir.
200
140 150 300
400
130 500
120
110 1.000
10 000
00
.0
5.
100 20 25 30
15
C 13 14 40 50
12
11 0,4 0,5 100
0,2 0,3 1 300
B 10 0,1 2 3
4
Icc=1mA 510 200
A 0 20
BATTERY
10
8. Mientras el valor medido va aumentando, seleccione el rango adecuado en
cada momento. (Vea las teclas de cambio de RANGO- (A, B, C, Cx10 y
Cx100).
12. Despus de haberse apagado el LED ', se puede apagar el equipo con la
llave ON/OFF. y recin entonces podrn desconectarse las puntas de prue-
ba.
11
Ajuste del cero mecnico
Peridicamente debe verificarse el cero elctrico del equipo. Con el meghmetro
apagado, verifique que la aguja en reposo seale infinito en la escala C. Esa posi-
cin es la del CERO MECNICO+ del galvanmetro y se corrige, si fuera necesa-
rio, girando el tornillo plstico que est en su frente.
Mantenimiento
En virtud de la ausencia de partes mviles (excepto el galvanmetro) este equipo
requiere escaso mantenimiento. Se recomienda mantener el gabinete limpio, utili-
zando un lquido o aerosol antiesttico, previa verificacin de que no ataca los
plsticos. Peridicamente se debe verificar el cero mecnico del galvanmetro y el
cero elctrico del meghmetro.
Especificaciones tcnicas
Tensiones de Prueba : 0,5 kV 1 kV 2,5 kV 5 kV
Alcance : 10.000.000 M
Corriente de cortocircuito : 1 mA
Exactitud de las : 2% del valor nominal @ R 1 G
tensiones de prueba:
Indicador analgico : Clase 1, con escala de 96 mm de longitud mxima,
suspensin a cinta tensa y espejo
Seguridad : Cumple los requerimientos de la norma IEC61010-
1/1990, IEC 61010-1/1992 anexo 2
12
ndice de proteccin : IP-54 (con la tapa cerrada)
ambiental
Compatibilidad : De acuerdo con IEC61326-1
electromagntica (E.M.C.)
Inmunidad : De acuerdo con IEC61000-4-3
electromagntica
Inmunidad electroesttica : De acuerdo con IEC 61000-4-2
Alimentacin : Batera recargable hermtica de 12V - 2.3Ah
Cargador de batera : 18 V 1,2 A
Rango de temperatura de : -5C a 50C
operacin
Rango de temperatura de : -25C a -65C
almacenamiento
Humedad : 95% RH (sin condensacin)
Altura mxima : 3000m sobre el nivel del mar
Gabinete : Moldeado en material plstico de alta resistencia
dielctrica y resistente al impacto.
Bolsa para transporte : Bolsa para transporte y proteccin para el instru-
mento y sus accesorios.
Peso : Aprox. 4,1 kg
Dimensiones : 274 x 250 x 124mm
Accesorios
Cables de medicin - 1,80m (2).
Cable para GUARD - 1,80m.
Fuente de alimentacin.
Cable para RS-232.
Bolsa para transporte.
Gua del usuario.
13
Boletn tcnico N 32
Utilidad del borne Guard de los meghmetros
Cuando se realizan mediciones de resistencias de aislamiento con meghmetros,
especialmente con instrumentos de alta sensibilidad, que miden resistencias de
valor muy alto, resulta conveniente el empleo del borne Guard, que permite inde-
pendizar la medida realizada de las resistencias parsitas cuya influencia en la
medicin se desea evitar.
Vt
Ri Rx
-R
+V
A
Guard
Fig. 1
Donde:
Vt: Generador de tensin de c.c.
Ri: Resistencia interna del generador
A: Nano-ampermetro del microprocesador
V -
Rx = Ri
I
En muchos casos, la resistencia que se pretende medir aparece en paralelo con
otras resistencias parsitas cuya influencia en el valor medido debe minimizarse.
Un ejemplo tpico de esta condicin es el caso en que se debe medir la resistencia
14
de aislamiento entre primario y secundario de un transformador montado dentro de
una carcaza metlica:
R1 Rx R2
A B
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Por la resistencia R2 circula una corriente que no pasa por el instrumento y por lo
tanto no afecta la lectura. Haciendo un anlisis ms detallado se observa que la
15
corriente a travs de R2 genera un cierto error, ya que produce una cada de ten-
sin adicional en R1, no prevista en la calibracin del meghmetro.
Para todos los efectos prcticos de utilizacin del meghmetro se debe considerar
que, si R1 y R2 son mayores que 100 M, cualquier valor de Rx ser medido con
un error mucho menor utilizando el borne GUARD del que resultara de realizar la
lectura sin la utilizacin del mismo.
Rx = 3.000 M
R1 = 100 M
R2 = 100 M
El valor medido sin utilizar el borne GUARD sera de 187,5 M y por lo tanto to-
talmente intil. En cambio, utilizando el borne GUARD conectado a la carcaza, el
valor de 3.000 M se mide con un error menor que 10%.
16
Apuntes
17
Apuntes
18
MI-5500e
Electronic insulation tester
Users guide
19
!
Safety warnings
Before to use this instrument the Users guide and Safety warnings must be read and
understood.
Safety procedures and rules for working near high voltage energized systems must be
observed during the use of this equipment. The generated voltages may be dangerous.
Do not touch the acrylic cover of the galvanometer with the energized terminals. This could
cause a static charge that will affect all the measurements.
Be careful not to make short-circuit between the high voltage terminals and the "-R" or
"Guard" terminals while a measurement is running, because it could be dangerous for the
operator and the output fuse could be blowed-up.
Be sure that there are not any voltage difference between the points to which the me-
gohmmeter will be connected to, neither between them and ground.
The panel, terminals and connectors of the equipment must stay dry and clean.
Used symbols
! Caution, risk of electric shock.
" Caution, refer to User Guide.
# Equipment complies with current EU Directives.
20
Index
Warning__________________________________________________________________20
Used symbols _____________________________________________________________20
Description _______________________________________________________________22
Measurements ____________________________________________________________23
Control panel ___________________________________________________________23
Power supply______________________________________________________________24
Checking battery status______________________________________________________24
Battery charger ____________________________________________________________24
High voltage indicator _______________________________________________________25
Operating instructions _______________________________________________________25
Infinite setting _____________________________________________________________28
Cleaning _________________________________________________________________28
Technical specifications _____________________________________________________28
Supplied accessories _______________________________________________________29
Application note N 32_______________________________________________________30
21
Description
The Circutor MI-5500e general purposes megohmmeter is a truly portable equip-
ment suitable to measure insulation resistances using test voltages up to 5 kV. It
employs high-reliable, state-of-the-art technology for accurate measurements of
ultra high insulation resistances up to 10.000.000 M with 4 test voltages: 0,5 kV -
1 kV - 2,5 kV - 5 kV. Insulation of low and medium voltage electrical systems,
transformers, motors, cables, electro-medical equipment and installations, distribu-
tion networks, etc., the measurement are easily performed with great reliability,
using this instrument.
In order to maximize the operator's safety, this equipment was made within a plas-
tic cabinet of high breakdown strength, with no metallic accessible parts. A light
indicator warns about dangerous voltages presence both in the equipment and in
the element under testing, and switches-off automatically when the discharge pro-
cess has finished. This megohmmeter has a GUARD terminal that allows to re-
move the effects of parasitic resistances and surface currents on the insulation
resistances to be measured.
Due to its reduced size and weight, its power autonomy and mechanical strength,
this megohmmeter is suitable for working out in the field, under severe weather
conditions. It is battery powered with an internal, rechargeable battery. In order to
easily carry the cabinet, is rugged, water-, dust- and sand-resistant. It provides an
IP54 protection and is supplied with a complete kit of test leads and high-voltage
spikes.
22
Measurements
Control panel
! )
200
140 150 300
"
130 400
120 500
110 1.000
10 000
0
.00
5.
100 20 25 30
14 15 40 50
C 13
12
11 0,4 0,5 100
0,2 0,3 1 300
B 10 0,1 2 3
4
Icc=1mA 5 200
A0 10
20
# BATTERY
*
$
+
,
% -
& .
' /
( 0
1
23
Power supply
Internal rechargeable 12V - 2.3Ah sealed lead acid battery.
Battery charger
This equipment has an intelligent built-in circuit that controls the battery charge and
doesnt allow the equipment to operate during the charging process.
24
Note: The battery looses part of its charge while being stored. Thus, before using
the insulation tester for the first time, or after a time being out of use, the battery
should be recharged.
Operating instructions
1. Be sure that there are no voltage differences between the points to which the
megohmmeter will be connected to neither between them and ground.
2. Connect the pin of the red cable to the 5 kV! - 2,5 kV" - 1 kV# - 0,5 kV$,
V terminal in accordance with the desired test voltage.
3. Connect the black cable to the (-R) megohmmeter terminal % See fig 2
ELEMENT TO BE MEASURED
RED
CLIP
BLACK
CLIP
RED
BLACK
PIN
BNC CONECTOR
The alligator clamps in
the drawings are only
for illustration. The
supplied clamps could
be different than what's
fig. 2 shown in the drawing.
25
4. The green GUARD& terminal is not always used. Application Note 32 ex-
plains the use of GUARD& terminal in order to minimizing the effect of stray
resistances. When measurement is carried out between parts which none of
them is grounded, (like between high-side and low-side windings of a trans-
former), GUARD& terminal must be connected to ground in order to fix the
apparatus potential. At any time a measurement is performed, either the -R%
or GUARD& terminals must be connected to ground but never both simulta-
neously. If none of these terminals are connected to ground, the megohmme-
ter can reach a high potential that may result in an unstable non-reliable read-
ing. If both terminals are simultaneously connected to ground, there is a short-
circuit between them and consequently the megohmmeter will measure with
error.
5. Connect the free ends of cables (alligator clips) to the element to be meas-
ured.
7. Press the START0 key. Then the high-voltage generator starts operating and
the corresponding indication light turns on at the front panel. The meter pointer
will indicate the value of the unknown resistance. If the element to be meas-
ured is strongly capacitive it will initially indicate a low resistance value, which
will be gradually increased while the charging of that capacitance takes place.
The instrument will always begin in the scale A.
200
140 150 300
400
130 500
120
110 1.000
10 000
00
.0
5.
100 20 25 30
15
C 13 14 40 50
12
11 0,4 0,5 100
0,2 0,3 1 300
B 10 0,1 2 3
4
Icc=1mA 510 200
A 0 20
BATTERY
26
8. When the measured resistance exceeds the maximum value in range A, press
range B key, and if still the value is not achieved, press keys ranges C or
Cx10, as required.
9. Always remember to multiply the reading by the factor stated in the following
table, depending on selected test voltage:
10. When key Cx10 or Cx100 is used, reading shall be carried out in range C and
shall be multiplied by 10 or 100, in addition to the factor corresponding to the
test voltage.
11. When you press STOP0 key, the megohmmeter will start discharging the
potentials accumulated in the apparatus, internal capacitances and in the ele-
ment under test as well. When this discharging process is over (up to 60 sec-
onds after turn off) the HIGH-VOLTAGE' led will turn off automatically. The
test leads may be disconnected. To finish measurement press ON/OFF.
switch.
27
Infinite setting
The mechanical zero of galvanometer must be periodically checked. In order per-
form this checking, be sure that the insulation tester is off. The pointer should stay
on the right end of the scale just over the infinite mark on scale C. In other case,
the plastic screw at the bottom of the galvanometer acrylic cover shall be adjusted.
Cleaning
Cleaning of this instrument should be carried out using a soft cleaning anti-static
liquid, after verifying that it doesnt affect the plastic parts used in the case and in
the Control Panel of this equipment.
Technical specifications
Test voltages : 0,5 kV 1 kV 2,5 kV 5 kV
Insulation test up to : 10.000.000 M
Short-circuit current : 1 mA
Test voltages accuracy : 2% of nominal test voltages @ R 1 G
Analogue indicator : Class 1. Up to 96 mm scale length, taut band, with
mirror (thus avoiding parallax errors)
Safety class : Meets the requirements of IEC61010-1/1990, IEC
61010-1/1992 amendment 2
Environmental protection : IP-54 (with closed lid)
E.M.C. : In accordance with IEC61326-1.
28
Electromagnetic immunity : In accordance with IEC61000-4-3
Electrostatic immunity : In accordance with IEC 61000-4-2
Power supply : Internal rechargeable 12V - 2.3Ah sealed lead acid
battery
Battery charger : 18 V 1,2 A
Operating temperature : -5C to 50C
range
Storage temperature : -25C to -65C
range
Humidity range : 95% RH (non condensing)
Altitude : Up to 3000m
Cabinet : Manufactured using a strong plastic, easy-to-carry
cabinet.
Carrying case : A carrying bag provides easy transportation for the
instrument and attachments.
Weight : Aprox. 4,1 kg.
Dimensions : 274 x 250 x 124mm
Supplied accessories
Measuring test leads 1,80 m. (2)
GUARD test lead, 1,80 m.
Power supply.
RS-232 cable.
Carrying case
Users guide.
29
Application note 32
Use of Guard terminal in megohmmeters
When insulation resistance measurements are performed with megohmmeters,
specially with high sensitivity instruments measuring high resistance values, the
use of the GUARD terminal avoids the harmful influence of stray resistances.
In order to better explain the function of this terminal, let us start reviewing the
megohmmeter basic circuit diagram of Fig. 1.
Vt
Ri Rx
-R
+V
A
Guard
Fig. 1
Where:
+V : DC high-voltage generator
Ri : Generator internal resistance
A : Indicator meter (microammeter)
The unknown resistance (Rx) is connected between Vt and -R terminals. Its value
determines the current passing through the circuit, which in turn is indicated by the
microammeter. The value of Rx can be determined as follows:
V -
Rx = Ri
I
In many cases the resistance to be measured is in parallel with other stray resis-
tances which influence on Rx should be minimized.
A typical example of this situation is when the insulation resistance between pri-
mary and secondary windings of a transformer mounted inside a metal housing is
to be measured.
30
R1 Rx R2
A B
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
In the circuit of Fig. 3 it may be noted that R1 is in parallel with a low-value resis-
tance (the one from the microammeter) therefore its influence is reduced during
reading.
Through resistance R2 circulates a current which is not passing through the meter
and consequently does not affect the reading. In fact, current through R2 originates
a certain error, since it creates an additional voltage drop in R1 which was not
regarded during megohmmeter calibration.
31
As regards the practical use of megohmmeter, it shall be considered that if R1 and
R2 are higher than 100 M, any value of Rx will be measured with an error lower
than 10%. For example: Let us consider Rx = 3.000 M and R1 = R2 = 100 M,
the reading without using the GUARD terminal would be 187.5 M, which is quite
wrong. On the other hand, if the GUARD terminal is properly used, we would have
3.000 M, with an error lower than 10%.
32
Notes
33
Notes
34