Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography
Derek Perez
RWS 1301
10:30
October 27, 2017
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Annotated Bibliography

What if cosmetic surgery was banned from adolescents?

How many students in a ratio of girls to boys have had cosmetic surgery?

de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., Nikken, P., & de Graaf, H. (2014). The effect of social network site use

on appearance investment and desire for cosmetic surgery among adolescent boys and

girls. Sex Roles, 71(9), 283-295. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0412-6

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-014-0412-6

According to de Vries et al, the use of social network affects the desire and appearance

investment for cosmetic surgery among adolescents. Their current findings of this theory

make at least three contributions. The first contribution is that adolescents experience

appearance pressures, not only face to face, but also when speaking with someone online.

The second contribution highlights the underlying mechanism that is increased

appearance investment and its effects of appearance pressures on appearance-changing

strategies. Finally, the third and last contribution is the role of gender in the theory. The

authors go through a great deal of research to figure out whether these contributions

uphold their theory.

Ericksen, W. L., & Billick, S. B. (2012). Psychiatric issues in cosmetic plastic surgery.

Psychiatric Quarterly, 83(3), 343-352. doi:10.1007/s11126-012-9204-8

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-012-9204-8

Ericksen and Billick observe the psychiatric issues that cosmetic surgery can have on a

patient. To the authors, cosmetic surgery can increase self-esteem and confidence. The

patients that undergo these procedures report having an increase in confidence and self-
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esteem after the operation, leaving the patients satisfied. Though, there are some

psychiatric consequences that can prevent a patient from being satisfied. For examples,

minimal defect, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, the patient in crisis, the multiple revision

patient, and loss of identity are some examples. The authors explain different cases that

some patients have psychiatric conditions after undergoing cosmetic surgery, and how

psychiatrists can help these patients.

Pitts-Taylor, V. (2007). Surgery junkies: wellness and pathology in cosmetic culture. Retrieved

from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

According to Pitts-Taylor, the expansion of cosmetic surgery is the cause for obsession

and addiction for cosmetic surgery, thus normalizing its development. From 1984 to

2005, cosmetic modifications have quadrupled in number, including Botox and skin

resurfacing. Another issue is the expansion of cosmetic procedures, which causes the idea

of cosmetic surgery to be democratized. The author also includes media sources, such as

magazines, the news, reality shows and the Internet, that can give information to

consumers about cosmetic surgery. Unsurprising enough, recent studies show that

Americans are comfortable with the idea of cosmetic surgery. To the author, anyone who

experiences cosmetic surgery is a victim who will be addicted to surgical beautification.

Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2015). Predictors of cosmetic surgery consideration among young

Chinese women and men. Sex Roles, 73(5), 214-230. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0514-9

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-015-0514-9

In this article, authors Jackson and Chen explain the increase in cosmetic surgery in

China, and the little to unknow factors as to why young Chinese women and men are

considering cosmetic surgery. The authors reveal that the increase in cosmetic surgery
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rates in the young Chinese women demographic were traced to sexual objectification

experiences that were prolonged by the beauty economy thats been increasing. Another

finding was the individual differences in facial appearance which explain why Chinese

women are willing to consider cosmetic surgery. Furthering explaining why facial

features are very popular when it comes to cosmetic surgery in China.

Jung, J., & Hwang, C. S. (2016). Associations between attitudes toward cosmetic surgery,

celebrity worship, and body image among South Korean and US female college students.

Fashion and Textiles, 3(1), 17. doi:10.1186/s40691-016-0069-6

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40691-016-0069-6

According to authors Jung and Hwang, theres very little information as to why

celebrities influence consumers desire to come up with the idea or even undergo

cosmetic surgery. The present study examined attitudes toward cosmetic surgery,

celebrity worship, and body image among South Korean and US female college students.

In the authors studies and research, they surveyed female undergraduates from both the

US and South Korea. In the findings, it is showed that the South Korean participants

showed a greater number in cosmetic surgery acceptance than US participants. Although

the Korean participants showed greater dissatisfaction with their figures than the US

participants, their level of body dissatisfaction was not a factor influencing the

acceptance of cosmetic surgery, unlike the result for the US participants.

Kamburolu, H. O., & zgr, F. (2007). Postoperative satisfaction and the Patients body image,

life satisfaction, and self-esteem: A retrospective study comparing adolescent girls and

boys after cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 31(6), 739-745.

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doi:10.1007/s00266-006-0133-5 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00266-006-

0133-5

In this article, authors Kamburolu and zgr explain that procedures in cosmetic

surgery are a lot more complex on adolescents than for adults. The reason for the

complexity is that there are more factors that affect the patients satisfaction. The authors

indicate four main questions for their study. The first being whether postoperative

satisfaction rates differ in genders. The second is whether postoperative satisfaction

correlates significantly with the self-esteem, body image, life satisfaction trilogy. Third

question is what the postoperative patient satisfaction and cosmetic procedure rates are

among adolescents by years. Finally, the fourth question whether a statistically significant

relationship exists between postoperative satisfaction and a willingness of adolescents to

undergo another cosmetic surgery.

Markey, C. N., & Markey, P. M. (2009). Correlates of young Womens interest in obtaining

cosmetic surgery. Sex Roles, 61(3), 158-166. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9625-5

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-009-9625-5

In Charlotte and Patrick Markeys article, their study examined the possible predictors

that can possibly influence young womens interest and desire in undergoing a cosmetic

surgery procedure. The authors also describe that the number of people that pursue

cosmetic surgery for aesthetic proposes have intensely boosted in recent years. For the

Markeys study, they investigated college undergraduates with body dissatisfaction,

internalization of media messages, reports of physical appearance teasing, and interest in

obtaining cosmetic surgery being assessed. In the authors conclusion, they explain that it
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is difficult to blame individuals that are interested in cosmetic surgery to alter their

appearance.