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Analytic Method to Calculate and Characterize the Sag and Related Articles
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Abstract:
The mechanical behavior of overhead conductors is described by a catenary function, stress-strain relations, the relation among three types of
strains, and a tension balance equation. These functions are consolidated to form a single equation. The tension of a conductor in a ruling span is
determined by solving this equation. It is a polynomial function of degree 4 or less and can be easily solved in Excel or by a simple code. For some
special cases, analytical solutions can be found. This method is versatile. It covers a broad range of engineering applications, such as producing a
stringing chart, establishing tension-temperature relations after load, determining the effect of creep, calculating the thermal-knee point, performing
auto sagging, evaluating the temperature gradient effect, etc. It is also a powerful R&D tool, providing great insight into the mechanical behavior of
overhead conductors. Many interesting features of conductors can be revealed or verified by it. The method aids in the investigation of the
abnormality or failure of conductors observed in the field and in laboratories.

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery ( Volume: 31, Issue: 5, Oct. 2016 )

Page(s): 2064 - 2071 INSPEC Accession Number: 16317122

Date of Publication: 01 January 2016 DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2510318

ISSN Information: Publisher: IEEE

Sponsored by: IEEE Power & Energy Society

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Contents

1. Nomenclature

Sag of a conductor in a level span.

Length of a level span.

Length of an inclined span.

Unit weight of a conductor.

Conductor length.

Conductor length at temperature under zero tension.

Total conductor tension.

Total tension in outer or core strands.

Horizontal tension in a conductor.

Horizontal tension in outer or core strands.

Max horizontal tension to which outer strands or core strands has been subjected before.

Horizontal tension at initial installation.

RTS
Rated tensile strength of a conductor.

Temperature.

Temperature at which the stress-strain relations of strands are measured.

Thermal knee-point.

Temperature at initial installation.

Cross section area of outer or core strands.

Final elastic modulus of outer or core strands.

Material constants of outer or core strands.

Coefficient of thermal expansion of outer strands or core strands .

Catenary strain.

Catenary strain at with zero tension.

Mechanical strain of outer or core strands.

Thermal strain of outer or core strands.

Mechanical strain at tension .

Inelastic strain of outer or core strands.

Strain constant for outer or core strands.

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Keywords

IEEE Keywords
Strain, Conductors, Temperature measurement, Mathematical model, Loading, Plastics, Thermal expansion

INSPEC: Controlled Indexing

stress-strain relations, creep, overhead line conductors, overhead line mechanical characteristics, polynomials, power overhead lines

INSPEC: Non-Controlled Indexing

R&D tool, sag characterization, tension characterization, overhead lines, overhead conductor mechanical behavior, catenary function, stress-strain relations,
tension balance equation, ruling span, polynomial function, Excel, stringing chart, tension-temperature relations, creep effect determination, thermal-knee
point calculation, auto sagging, temperature gradient effect evaluation

Author Keywords
sag tension calculation, Composite conductor, inclined spans, overhead line

Authors

Xiaoyuan Dong
CTC Global Inc., Irvine, CA, USA

Xiaoyuan Dong received the M.Sc. degree in material science and engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1985, and the Ph.D. degree in
applied mechanics from The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, in 1996.

His employment experience includes NIST, NASA, Lucent, and Goodrich. His special fields of interest include fracture mechanics, stress and deformation
analysis, as well as material characterization and failure analysis.

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