Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Course Outline
Lecture Date Speaker Title
1 21 Sep Charles Goodchild Introduction, Background and Codes
2 28 Sep Charles Goodchild EC2 Background, Materials, Cover
and effective spans
3 5 Oct Paul Gregory Bending and Shear in Beams
4 12 Oct Charles Goodchild Analysis
5 19 Oct Paul Gregory Slabs and Flat Slabs
6 26 Oct Charles Goodchild Deflection and Crack Control
7 2 Nov Paul Gregory Detailing
8 9 Nov Jenny Burridge Columns
9 16 Nov Jenny Burridge Fire
10 23 Nov Jenny Burridge Foundations
Week 9: Fire 1
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Fire Design
Lecture 8
16th November 2016
Design exercise
Week 9: Fire 2
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
F = say 0.74
lo = 0.74 x 4.2 = 3.108 m
Check slenderness:
= 3.46 lo/h
= 3.46 x 3.108 /0.5 = 21.5
Week 9: Fire 3
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Limiting slenderness:
A = 0.7 (use default value)
B = 1.1 (use default value)
C = 1.7 rm = 1.7 M01/M02 = 1.7 (-40.0/151.4) = 1.96
n = NEd/Acfcd = 7146 x 1000/(5002 x 0.85 x 50/1.5) = 1.01
lim = 20 ABC/n
= 20 x 0.7 x 1.1 x 1.96/1.01
= 30.0
Slenderness:
30.0 > 21.5 ...section is not slender . . . . M2 = 0
Week 9: Fire 4
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Solution determine As
d2 = cnom + link + /2 = 35 + 8 + 16 = 59 mm
d2/h = 59/500 = 0.118
MEd/(bh2fck) = 151.4 x 106/(5003 x 50) = 0.024
NEd/(bhfck) = 7146 x 1000/(5002 x 50) = 0.57
Interaction Chart
0.09
0.57
0.024
Week 9: Fire 5
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Solution determine As
Asfyk/bhfck = 0.09
As = 0.09 x 5002 x 50 / 500 = 2250 mm2 Try 8 H20 (2513 mm2)
But > 4 no bars so check d2/h
Average d2 = (3 x 59 + 1 x 250 [say] ) / 4 = 107 mm : d2/h = 0.214
Interpolating between charts for d2/h = 0.20 and d2/h = 0.25
Interaction Chart
Asfyk/bhfck
0.57 0.10
0.024
Week 9: Fire 6
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Solution determine As
Asfyk/bhfck = 0.09
As = 0.09 x 5002 x 50 / 500 = 2250 mm2 Try 8 H20 (2513 mm2)
Check d2/h
Average d2 = (3 x 59 + 1 x 250 [say] ) / 4 = 107 mm : d2/h = 0.214
Using chart for d2/h = 0.20
Asfyk/bhfck = 0.10
As = 0.10 x 5002 x 50 / 500 = 2500 mm2
Use 8 H20 (2513 mm2)
Links
Diameter = max (6, 20/4) = 6 say 8mm diam
scl,tmax = min {12 min; 0.6b ; 240mm} = 240 mm
Bar centres = 500/2 -59 = 191 mm therefore each bar to be
restrained
With H8 links in 3 legs each way @ 225 cc
Fire
Week 9: Fire 7
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Scope
Part 1-2 Structural fire design gives several methods for fire engineering
Tabulated data for various elements is given in section 5
Reinforcement cover
Axis distance, a, to centre of bar
a = c + m/2 + l
a Axis
Distance
Week 9: Fire 8
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Requirements:
Criteria considered are:
R Mechanical resistance (load bearing)
E Integrity (compartment separation)
I Insulation (where required)
Week 9: Fire 9
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Design Procedures
Which method?
Week 9: Fire 10
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Elements
Approach for Beams and Slabs very similar
Separate tables for continuous members
One way, two way spanning and flat slabs
treated separately
Week 9: Fire 11
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Continuous Beams
Table 5.6 Table 4.6
Flat Slabs
1992-1-2 Table 5.9 Table 4.8
Week 9: Fire 12
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Columns: Method A
Table 5.2a Table 4.4A
The minimum
dimensions are
larger than
BS 8110
fi = NEd,fi/ NRd = Gk + 1,1 Qk,1/(1.35Gk + 1.5 Qk) NEd/ NRd Conservatively 0.7
where NEd,fi is the design axial load in the fire condition
NRd is the design axial resistance at normal temperature
Week 9: Fire 13
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Method A
.
= 120( ) (Exp 5.7)
where:
1+
= 83 1.0
0.85"" +
(as cc = 0.85 in the UK, Rfi = 83(1.0-fi))
Ra = 1.6(a-30)
where a is the axis distance
Week 9: Fire 14
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Method A
.
= 120( ) (Exp 5.7)
Rl = 9.6 (5 - l0,fi)
where l0,fi is the effective length in fire.
For an insitu column in a braced structure this can be
taken is 0.5 l for lower storeys and 0.7 l for the top
storey. (2 m l0,fi 6m)
Method A
.
= 120( ) (Exp 5.7)
Rb = 0.09b
b is the width or the diameter of a square or circular
column.
For a rectangular column:
b = 2Ac/(b+h)
200mm b 450mm
h 1.5 b
Week 9: Fire 15
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Method A
.
= 120( ) (Exp 5.7)
Method A
+ $ + %+ & + ' .
= 120( )
120
What is the fire resistance period of a 3.5m long, 300 x 600 column,
NEd = 2950kN, NRd = 3600kN, with 25mm bars, 10mm links, cover
25mm?
fi = 0.7 x 2950/3600 = 0.57 Rfi = 83(1-0.57) = 35.4
a = 25+10+25/2 = 47mm Ra = 1.6(47-30) = 27.2
l0,fi = 0.5 x 3.5 = 1.75, so l0,fi = 2m Rl = 9.6(5-2) = 28.8
b = 2 x b x 1.5b/(b + 1.5b) = 360mm Rb = 0.09 x 360 = 32.4
n>4 Rn = 12
R = 120((35.4 + 27.2 + 28.8 + 32.4 + 12)/120)1.8 = 150 minutes
(from table
Week 9: Fire 16
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Method A
+ $ + %+ & + ' .
= 120( )
120
What is the fire resistance period of a 3.5m long, 300 x 600 column,
NEd = 2950kN, NRd = 3600kN, with 25mm bars, 10mm links, cover
25mm?
fi = 0.7 x 2950/3600 = 0.57 Rfi = 83(1-0.57) = 35.4
a = 25+10+25/2 = 47mm Ra = 1.6(47-30) = 27.2
l0,fi = 0.5 x 3.5 = 1.75, so l0,fi = 2m Rl = 9.6(5-2) = 28.8
b = 2 x b x 1.5b/(b + 1.5b) = 360mm Rb = 0.09 x 360 = 32.4
n>4 Rn = 12
R = 120((35.4 + 27.2 + 28.8 + 32.4 + 12)/120)1.8 = 150 minutes
(from table: 90 minutes)
Week 9: Fire 17
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Columns: Method B
Week 9: Fire 18
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Spalling
EC2 distinguishes between explosive spalling that can occur
in concrete under compressive conditions, such as in
columns, and the concrete falling off the soffit in the
tension zones of beams and slabs.
Explosive spalling occurs early on in the fire exposure and is
mainly caused by the expansion of the water/steam particles
trapped in the matrix of the concrete. The denser the
concrete, the greater the explosive force.
Unlikely if moisture content is less than 3% (NDP) by
weight. The assumption is that in exposure class X0 or
XC1 the moisture class is less than 3%
Tabular data OK for axis distance up to 70 mm
Falling off of concrete occurs in the latter stage of fire
exposure
Week 9: Fire 19
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
For C 55/67 to C 80/95 the rules for normal strength concrete apply.
provided that the maximum content of silica fume is less than 6% by
weight.
Other Methods
Week 9: Fire 20
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
MEd,fi = wEd,fileff / 8
1
MRd,fi,Span
Week 9: Fire 21
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Week 9: Fire 22
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Decrease in strength of
reinforcement (Figure 4.2)
Zone Method
Zones
Week 9: Fire 23
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Zone Method
Factors for
concrete
strength
Zone Method
Week 9: Fire 24
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Worked Example
NEd= 1824kN
Myy,Ed= 78.5kNm
Mzz,Ed= 76.8kNm
2 hour fire resistance
required
External, but no de-icing
salts
fck = 30MPa
Worked Example
Cover:
cmin,b = diameter of bar (assume 25mm bars with 8mm links)
cmin,dur = (XC3/XC4) 25mm
say cdev = 10mm
cnom (to main bars) = max{(25+10),(25+8+10)} = 43mm
Use cnom = 35mm to 8 mm links
Week 9: Fire 25
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Worked Example
Check fire resistance of R120 to Method A
eccentricity e < 0.15b
e = MEd/NEd = 78.5x103/1824 = 43mm
0.15 x 350 = 52.5mm OK
Assume 8 bars OK
l0,fi = 0.7l = 2.8m < 3m OK
From Table 5.2a: min dimensions = 350/57
Column is 350mm, axis distance required = 57mm
Check cover 35mm + 8 (link) + /2 = 55.5mm
Increase links to 10 mm diam
or increase nominal cover to 40mm.
Week 9: Fire 26
Practical Design to Eurocode 2 16/11/2016
Design Exercise
+ $ + %+ & + ' .
= 120( )
120
fi = Rfi =
a= Ra =
l0,fi = Rl =
b = Rb =
n= Rn =
R = 120((Rfi + Ra + Rl + Rb + Rn)/120)1.8 =
End of Lecture 9
Week 9: Fire 27