Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A patient camA patient in a developing country like Cambodia with lung and brain signs will present with Rheumatic
What is anothGive patients with COPD with >/2 cardinal symptoms an antibiotic since a common cause of COPD is a
Blistering le Patients with blistering lesions on the dorsum of their hands from outdoor activity are diagnosed with
What is the f Administer insulin. Furosemide takes up to 30 minutes to work.
ns will present with Rheumatic fever. Remember that in rheumatic fever, the mitral valve is occluded, leading to mitral stenosis,
a common cause of COPD is an URI infection.
oor activity are diagnosed with P.C.T.
ded, leading to mitral stenosis, elevating left atrial pressure, and causing the hempoptyis and SOB. At the same time, the clot on
. At the same time, the clot on the mitral valve can embolize to the brain, which causes left-sided hemiparesis.
Prinzmetal angina typically occurs during what time of the day? Prinzmetal angina typically occurs at night betw
When does prinzmetal angina occur - at rest or during exercise? Prinzmetal angina typically occurs at rest, and c
What is the treatment for prinzmetal angina? C.C.B., Nitrates
What medications can you use to antagonize the CCB-related perip Use antagonist of the RAAS system like an ACE
When do you administer antiretroviral therapy after anti-fungal therAntiretroviral therapy should be deferred for at
How do you know to treat hepB? If hepatitis B is highly active then you should tre
Zinc deficiency can lead to what findings? Alopecia, pustular skin rash, hypogonadism, im
Crohn's disease patients can present with what type of kidney ston Crohn's disease patients present with excessive
Pyoderma gangrenosum presents with what type of disorders? Pyoderma gangrenosum presents with inflamm
What is pes anserinus pain syndrome? Pes anserinus pain syndrome occurs when a pa
First line treatment for Torsades de Pointes is what? Magnesium Sulfate
Cyclosporine side effects Cyclosporine side effects include nephrotoxicity
GLP-1 agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide causes what side ef GLP-1 agonists induce weight loss and have low
na typically occurs at night between midnight and eight a.m.
na typically occurs at rest, and can be intermittent, lasting 15-20 minutes and resolving spontaneously.
ontrol of D.M. has uncertain effect on macrovascular complications (myocardial infarction, stroke), and all-cause mortality.
here will be multiple nonenhancing brain lesions with no mass effect(edema).
se an abdominal x-ray to diagnose Inflammatory bowel disease.
hysical exam findings show colon distension. Toxic megacolon is the initial presentation of inflammatory bowel disease.
ke pap smear every 3 years at age 21-65.
dap starts at age 11, and then you get a new one every 10 years thereafter.
hylene glycol poisoning is associated with hypocalcemia, calcium oxalate deposition in the kidneys. This leads to flank pain, hem
dminister fomepizole or ethanol to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase, sodium bicarbonate to alleviate the acidosis.
atients with cyanide poisoning present with elevated lactate levels because they do not undergo oxidative phosphorylation due
ST/ALT ratio<1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
onalcoholic fatty liver disease.
onalcoholic fatty liver disease can be explained by obesity.
hese agents are used for muscle paralysis during endotracheal intubation and surgery.
ontact dermatitis
adiation therapy is useful in managing bone pain in patients with prostate cancer who have undergone orchiectomy
en <40, woman age <50, atypical chest pain, and no sigifnicant cardiac risk factors (non-smoker, no family hx)
ulmonary aspergillosis presnts with >3 months of weight loss, cough, hemoptysis, and fatigue in patients with hxof underlying lu
eudomonas aeruginosa
omerular hyperfiltration
chemia of the esophagus or exposure of gastric mucosa to various injurious agents (alcohol, ASA, cocaine) will cause acute eros
bromyalgia is defined by chronic pain in many locations , including the proximal body parts.
ny time a patient has chronic pain, give them amitriptyline. Then, the alternatives after that include pregabalin, duloxetine, and
onioscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and ocular tonometry can be helpful if urgent consult is not available.
aget's disease of the bone
acterizes a pulmonary embolism.
ys. This leads to flank pain, hematuria, oliguria, and acute kidney injury, and anion gap metabolic acidosis.
e the acidosis.
oxidative phosphorylation due to inhibition of complex IV in the E.T.C.
rgone orchiectomy
no family hx)
atients with hxof underlying lung disease.
n and severe.
count as legal decision makers, so you cannot count their opinion.
n is Xa inhibitor.
What is the strongest predictor for stent thrombosis within the If you prematurely discontinue the antiplatelet ther
Primary hyperthyroidism is different from secondary hyperthyr Primary hyperthyroidism occurs at the level of the t
When a patient is angry, how do you respond? Acknowledge their anger and respond using an ope
Inflammatory bowel disease can present with what other disor I.B.D. can present with arthiritis. Treatment with NS
Heart failure symptoms that occur in the absence of hyperteni Amyloidosis occurs in a patient with heart failure sy
G.B.S presents with what lab values? G.B.S presents with elevated protein and NORMAL l
A middle-aged woman pesents to your office with intense itchinP.B.C. - diagnosed with anti-mitochondrial antibodie
Diabetic foot ulcer should be diagnosed with what tool? Monofilament testing
Haloperidol will treat what disorder that involves medications, Haloperidol treats delirium.
Follicular carcinoma is defined by what histologicla presentatio Follicular carcinoma is defined by invasion of the th
Osteopphytes are the most common findingso n cervical radiogrSpondylosis affects people older than 50 years of ag
What's the next best step in management of a patient's urinary urinalysis and culture.
What is the difference between CT and MRI use? CT is best test for initial imaging study and MRI is m
When do ou use a CT scan? Use a CT scan when patient has an unprovoked first
Patients with aortic stenosis will eventually develop what prob Patients with aortic stenosis develop left ventricular
Presbyopia is a common age-related problem that leads to diffi Patients with presbyopia have problems with lens e
ely discontinue the antiplatelet therapy, you will be at risk for stent thrombosis. These antiplatelet therapy include Aspirin and P
hyroidism occurs at the level of the thyroid; secondary hyperthyroidism occurs at the level of the pituitary.
eir anger and respond using an open-ended question; "May I ask what is upsetting you to help you the best way I can?"
nt with arthiritis. Treatment with NSAIDS may exacerbate the underlying disease.
urs in a patient with heart failure symptoms who lacks a history of hypertension.
with elevated protein and NORMAL lab values elsewhere (wbc, rbc, glucose)
ed with anti-mitochondrial antibodies.
ats delirium.
oma is defined by invasion of the thyroid capsule.
ects people older than 50 years of age, the history of the chronic neck pain is typical. Limited neck rotation and lateral bending i
or initial imaging study and MRI is more sensitive in most structural causes of epilepsy , and is the neuroimaging modality of cho
hen patient has an unprovoked first seizure to exclude acute neurological problems.
rtic stenosis develop left ventricular hypetrophy and can have exertionl angina due to subendocardial ischemia with increased m
esbyopia have problems with lens elasticity.
t therapy include Aspirin and Platelet P2Y12 Receptor Blocker (Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor).
rotation and lateral bending is due to osteoarthritiis and secondary muscle spasm.
plasma osmolarity - stool osmolarity, implying that stool osmolarity increases in secretory diarrhea.
bowel movement.
re bisphosphonates which prevent bone turnover
ause of the breakdown of hemoglobin in the intestine and increased urea absorption
se, medications, disorders of the RAAS axis.
r lasts >/2 years.
otence, incontinence, or other autonomic symptoms.
causes hypokalemia.
ome are at risk for endometrial carcinoma.
cturia, and weak urinary stream
How do you treat acyclovir nephrGive fluids to prevent dehydration
To treat hypokalemic metabolic aGive N.S.
Inferior wall MI will show on EC ST Elevation in leads II, III, avF
Posterior wall MI shows as what ST depression in leads I and aVL (R.C.A.)
GI blood loss in an old man may iron deficiency anemia
What scoring system tells us if t chads-2-vasc score
What drug should be used in pat Warfarin
ACUTE onset urinary retention inThe medication (diphenydramine) is an anti-muscarinic which will cause an acute o
Glucocorticoids support the margneutrophils
Most important prognostic featurTNM staging
Bartonella henselae and bartonelimmunocompromised individuals will be infected with bartonella henselae and ba
E. histoloytica is described by w E. histoloytica is described by a solitary cystic lesion on the liver.
Subdural hematomas result fromSubdural hematomas result from chronic bleeds
Anti-epileptic drugs such as phe Phenytoin may impair absorption of Folate causing folic acid deficiency.
Lactose intolerance is defined by Positive hydrogen breath test would define lactose intolerance.
hich will cause an acute onset of urinary retention. This causes detrusor hypocontracility.
cid deficiency.
levi/carbidopa lead to what side effects? hallucinations
use abd CT with contast to diagnose what diverticulitis
Community acquired pneumonia can be diChest X-ray
patients with cocaine will be at risk for w rhabdomyolysis
patients with HCV is at risk for what iseaseHBV
In patient with acute exacerbation of COP Start with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, then transition to in
Wasting of muscles can be due to what typUMN or lMN
Vitamin b12 deficiency can result from wh Gastrectomy can lead to vitamin b12 deficiency. On PE: patient shows sh
CABG vs. medical therapy - what is the shoIn the short term, CABG leads to higher risk of death in first 30 days (HR i
Renal tubular compensation occurs within Compensation for respiratory acidosis occurs within a few days
Why does a patient present to the office wFamily history
Insulinoma and sulfonyurea patients both Elevation in c-peptide is apparent in insulinoma and sulfonylurea patient
Glucagonoma presents with what skin findGlucagonoma produces a skin rash(necrotic migratory erthema)
How is scabies diagnose? Scabies is an intensely pruritic rash in the flexor surfaces of wrist, lateral
What is the treatment for scabies? Topical permethrin or oral ivermectin
In A.T.N. what is the serum BUN/Cr ratio? Less than 20:1 because BUN is not reabsorbed.
trauma patient comes in with bleeding andAcute tubular necrosis
H.C.M. will present with what type of mu crescendo-decrescendo murmur in lower left sternal border.
A leukemoid reaction can be identified by leukemoid reaction is defined by elevated alkaline phosphatase and decr
What are the difference causes of anion g Anion gap metabolic acidosis is defined by an increase in non-chlorinated
Thalamic lesion will cause what problems?contralateral sensory loss
HOCM is treated with what medications? B-blocker: Metoprolol
Bath salt intoxicatino makes you feel what Bath salt intoxicatino is like taking amphetamines
If you screw up how do you respond to patBe tactful in how you say it, don't just say the doctor forgot; tell patient w
ntilation, then transition to intubation if NPPV for 2 hr fails.
ency. On PE: patient shows shiny tongue and pale palmar creases
of death in first 30 days (HR is greater than 1)
rs within a few days
ft sternal border.
lkaline phosphatase and decreased basophils
an increase in non-chlorinated ions in the serum. These include lactate, acetic acid, formic acid, glycol ingestion, salicylic poison
eptor antagonists
n be avoided with fiber. Complications are reduced with high intake of fruit and vegetable fiber, meat consumption, NSAIDS, obe
otalol, lidocaine
severely symptomatic (AMS, heart fialure, pulmonary edema, ischemic chest pain) or hemodyanmically unstable (hypotension,
/furosemide. Patient presents with headaches for last 6 weeks. And the headaches are pulsatile and associated with nausea. F
he ROC curve.
reased myocardial contracility.
sickle cell disease.
n, diminished tacile and vocal fremitus, decreased or absent breath sounds in affected area.
e present from hepatic hydrothorax you will get diagnosis of hepatic hydrothorax
walk up stairs)
Mexico, Philippines, China, Vietnam, India, Dominican Republic, Haiti)
SM, travelers to countries where hepatitis A is prevalent. Also for adults with chronic liver dz.
f JAK-2 tyrosine kinase, not on hypoxia.
arctions due to left ventricular stiffening and dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia.
p in Parkinson's disease.
Drug-induced 1. i Pencillin class (penicillin, cephalosporin), 2. TMP, 3. Rifampin, 4. NSAIDS, 5. Diuretics
In drug-induceeosinophils
Patient with Total body K+ Deficit.
A patient deveRuptured popliteal cyst
Recurrent misLow molecular weight heparin.
What is the p Low dose ASA and LMWH are recommended to avoid pregnancy loss.
What is the prTicks shuold be removed with tweezers as soon as they are noticed to reduce the risk of a tickborne il
How does MLFIn MLF the affected eye cannot adduct, whereas the non-affected eye will abduct. Therefore, if left ey
Central DI ca Serum Na is high in cetral DI
NephROGEIC DI Nephrogenic DI presents with normal serum na+
Acute angle c Acute angle closure glaucoma occurs in response to anti-cholinergics or another stimulus(dim light).
Untreated patAcute vision loss within 2-5 hours of symptom onset.
Temporal arterESR>50 in temporal arteritis
optic neuriti acute vision loss, pain, afferent pupillary defect in women <50 afte presentatin of M.S.
Patients with Upper GI endoscopy if they have alarm symptoms - dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, anemia, GI b
In aortic diss In aortic dissection, the treatment goal is to decrease blood pressure by using a Beta Blocker. Avoid va
a 23-year old cavernous sinus thrombosis
Atrial fibrill hyperthyroidism
HyperthyroidiHypertthyroidism is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and muscle atropy.
Opiod intoxicaDecreased respiratory rate
What two opioMethadone and Buprenorphine
Ulcerative col 15-40 and 50-80.
Ulcerative col Recto-sigmoid involvement.
What procedur Use ERCP to diagnose biliary or pancreatic cause of abdominal pain post-cholecystectomy.
DS, 5. Diuretics
educe the risk of a tickborne illness. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Lyme disease is not required if the tick is attached for <36 hou
will abduct. Therefore, if left eye cannot adduct towards right then there is dx of internuclear opthalmoplegia.
r another stimulus(dim light). Patients develop orbitofrontal headache associated with vomiting.
entatin of M.S.
hagia, weight loss, anemia, GI bleeding, recurrent vomiting) or are men age >50 with chronic (>5 years) symptoms and cancer ri
y using a Beta Blocker. Avoid vasodilator like hydralazine and nitroprosside because these drugs produce reflex tachycardia.
uscle atropy.
t-cholecystectomy.
the tick is attached for <36 hours.
almoplegia.
to facial edema.
nd heberden is distal.
re, but gonnorhea does.
cord compression
ronounced than the lower. There isa lso localized deficit in pain and temperature sensation.
medial malleolus
eased skin perfusion, reduced sensation.
ge >40 with fall on outstretched arm.
normal analysis)
and acetzolamide for idiopathic cases
ting or non-communicating hydrocephalus
kilothermia, paralysis
sus surgery
and acetzolamide for idiopathic cases. NaHCO3 can be used by may cause myocardial depression.
rdial contracility
enting (patients with recurrent flash pulmonary edema or refractory heart failure)
How do you diagnose S.C.C.? Give biopsy of lesion.
Vertebral compression fracture is a sign of whaAdvanced osteoporosis - low back pain after stressful movements.
What is the alternative treatment for syphillis Doxycycline
prolactinomas present with normal values of prolacatinoma present with normal TSH values and low LH values be
small intestinal disease and malabsorption can Calcium oxalate stones because of malabsorption of fatty acids and b
diastolic dysfunction High blood pressure with normal ejection fraction
Renal vein thrombosis is a common complicati Nephrotic syndrome is associated with renal vein thrombosis - neph
Renal vein thrombosis is associated with what Membranous nephropathy
Achilles tendinopathy can be caused by what dFluoroquinolones
r stressful movements.
l vein thrombosis - nephrotic syndrome is characterized by wide-spread protein loss which leads to edema.
How do you screen for diabetic nephropathy? Random urine for microalbumin/creatinine ratio
65 year old man presents with decreased in vision i diabetic retinopathy
Ehlriciohiosis is like lyme disease in terms of locati Ehrlicihiosis presents without a rash
Ehlrichiosis presents with what PE findings/ leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
Treatment for ehrlichiosis Doxycycline
What criteria do we utilize to diagnose an exudative e Pleural protein/serum protein > .5, Fluid LDH/serum LDH >.6,
What type of pathologies represent exudative effusio increased capillary or pleural membrane permeability or disr
What pathologies represent transudative effusions? decreased intrapleural or plasma oncotic pressures or elevate
A patient is gaining weight despite increased thirst - t Diabetes
A female athlete is experiencing anterior knee pain - wpatellofemoral pain syndrome
What is the treatment for patellofemoral pain syndro Just imagine a female athlete overusing their muscles; best tr
Surreptitious vomiting leads to what levels of urinary urinary chloride is lower in surreptitious vomiting because pa
Bartter/gittelman/diuretics have one common feature.They all affect a transporter that affects na/cl reabsorption ba
Cirrhosis can lead to what findings on the physical ex hypogonadism despite having gynecomastia since the androg
Cirrhosis is associated with elevated level of what h Estrogen - due to increased conversion from androgens, whic
Who is at risk for developing PTSD? Returning combat veterans.
What are common symptoms of PTSD? amnesia, nightmares, sleep disturbance, irritability, emotiona
What skin disorder is characterized by diffuse dermal Ichthyosis vulgaris.
What are the treatment options for diffuse scaling disoEmollients, keratolytics, topical retinoids.
Atopic dermatitis distribution patchy symptoms of erythema, lichenification, and severe pru
Irritant contact dermatitis cause irritant contact dermatitis is caused by chemicals such as soa
Icthysosis vulgaris is symptoms diffuse dermal scaling
Treatment options for wide spread itching emollients, keratolytics, topical retinoids.
What are some important risk factors for diabetes? high blood pressure, obesity, family history, dyslipidemia.
Patients with asplenia are at risk of fulminant infecti Strep pneumoniae, h. influenza
What defense system is compromised in patients withAntibody response to encapsulated organisms.
A patient is experiencing recurrent pergnancy loss andHashimoto's - with subclinical hypothyroidism which implies
What is subclinical hypothyroidism? When the T4 values seem euthyroid but the patient is actuall
Lumbar spinal stenosis can occur when middle aged orAny activity that causes compression of that nerve (standing,
Ankle branchial index is used to evaluate what diseas Use ankle brachial index to evaluate peripheral vascular disea
When do you use dopper ultrasonography? D.v.t.
What diagnostic technique do you utilize to diagnose MRI
pleural effusions can be associated with empyemas, wh Empyemas show up when bacteria eat up surrounding glucos
Histoplasmosis is associated with what Laboratory fin Histoplasmosis can cause pancytopenia, and elevated aminot
Disseminated histoplasmosis is treated with what dru Amphotericin b
Diuretic therapy can lead to what downstream probl Diuretic therapy can lead to acute kidney injury, as evidence b
Lactose intolerance would show up in a patient with Could be a chronic problem lasting a few months
Lactose intolerance is identified on exam by what feat Bloating, flatulence after ingesting food.
What are the three most common cause of esophagitis1. candida, 2. CMV, 3. Herpes
Candida esophagitis is treated with what drug? fluconazole
What is the inclusion criteria for a patient to be plac Use of drug within 3-4.5 hours of symptom onset.
What is the first drug you use after the 4.5 hr throm ASA
What happens if ASA is not entirely effective for trea Add clopidogrel or dipyrimadole
What happens if ASA is not entirely effective for patienadd clopidogrel
Warfarin is indicated in what type of patient? Patient with atrial fibrillatinon or elevated CHAD-2 score
What's the role of CT scans in stroke patients? CT scans rule out hemmorhagic bleeds.
Obesity hypoventilation sndrome is defined by what f Obesity, daytime hypercapnia and alveolar hypoventilation.
Any disease with high levels of post-void residual vo There must be an obstructive lesion as in BPH or something e
Poison ivy will lead to linear streaks on hands - the di Contact dermatitis
What does the straight leg raise test test for? lumbosacral radiculopathy - inflammation of the appropriate
min/creatinine ratio
> .5, Fluid LDH/serum LDH >.6, Fluid LDH >2/3 (max serum LDH)
membrane permeability or disruption to lymphoatic flow
ma oncotic pressures or elevated H.S. pressures
overusing their muscles; best treatment is to reduce activity in those muscles and stretch.
rreptitious vomiting because patient is in hypovolemic state, which means he vomits out chloride, and less is available in his uri
hat affects na/cl reabsorption back into the blood stream. When this transporter is blocked, the chloride ends up in the urine.
gynecomastia since the androgens can still convert to estrogens.
onversion from androgens, which will display as gynecomastia.
sturbance, irritability, emotional numbing and detachment, intrusive flashbacks, hypervigilance, increased startle response
al retinoids.
a, lichenification, and severe pruritus involving hands, feet, and flexural areas
aused by chemicals such as soaps, detergents, or solvents.
al retinoids.
family history, dyslipidemia.
ulated organisms.
hypothyroidism which implies that the lab values for T4 may not yet be in hypothyroid range (it could seem cliincal euthyroid).
hyroid but the patient is actually a hypothyroid patient.
ression of that nerve (standing, walking downhill)
aluate peripheral vascular disease, which causes worsened pain with movmeent.
cteria eat up surrounding glucose in pleural fluid and increase production of metabolic break down products like lactate, produc
cytopenia, and elevated aminotransferase levels.
nflammation of the appropriate nerve roots in ipsilateral leg in the lumbosacral region.
, and less is available in his urine.
hloride ends up in the urine.
n products like lactate, producing very low levels of glucose and an acidic pH.
What is the prUrticaria presents as wide-spread papules or plaques.
What diagnostUse a CT scan for histological staging.
What is the mCalcium to stabilize the cardiac myocyte
Nitrates poss Nitrates decrease left ventricular wall stress
Nephrotic synNephrotic syndrome patients overproduce lipids, leadin to accelerated atherosclerosis
What disease Alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency. It should be considered in patients who have COPD but lack typical ris
What are the These patients present with fatigue and delayed reflexes. Initial diagnostic testing includes TSH and fr
Elevated sedi polymyositis
Any patient wHypothyroid myopathy
Carpale tunnethumb opposition
Carpel tunnel Anatomic compression of the nerve.
Multiple myelhypercalcemia, anemia, renal insufficiency, and elevated protein(>4g/dL)
Silicosis is s miners and stone workers
Contrast proviIntravenous hydration.
IN a small dat The mean would increase
In pulmonary Prominent pulmonary arteries and an enlarged right heart border. EKG shows right axis deviation.
Tumors in theweight loss, jaundice, nontender distended gallbladder on examination.
Tumors in theTumors in the head of the pancreas cause intra-and extra-hepatic biliary tract dilation.
A patient wit Lower urinary tract symptoms (urinary frequency, nocturia, hesitancy)
Prostate-SpeciPotential for prostate cancer
The cystoscopCystoscopy is used for patients with bph who present with chronic bladder obstruction.
Prostate cancePatients age >40, African American, usually peripheral zone of prostate, enlarged nodules.
Hypothyroidishyperlipidemia, hyponatremia and asymptomatic elevations of creatinine kinase and serum transamin
Secondary hypprolactinoma
First treatmenNSAID
In developing Constrictive pericarditis
Calcifications constrictive pericarditis
What drugs poAcetaminophen, NSAIDS, amiodarone, antiobitics
Caustic poiso Caustin poisoning can cause perforation of the stomach or esophagus, causing peritonitis or mediasti
Inhalational Bitter almond odor
Electrical al QRS complexes vary from beat to beat.
Electrical alt pericardial effusion
Enlargement opericardial effusion
Prion disease Rapidly progressive changes, behavioral changes, myoclonus/seizures
Vascular demestepwise decline in executive function with mild memory loss early in disease.
Any rash that Chikungunya fever which shows with polyarthalgias and thrombocytopenia need supportive care fo
Treatment forDopamine agonists (pramipexole) or alpha-2-delta calcium channel ligands (gabapentin)
atherosclerosis
have COPD but lack typical risk factors or who have a family history of emphysema or liver disease.
tic testing includes TSH and free T4 lvels.
y tract dilation.
der obstruction.
enlarged nodules.
ne kinase and serum transaminase.
n confidential.
<1cm in diameter. They are usually due to fibroblast proliferation and occur on lower extremities. The lesions have a fibrous co
o give bronchoalveolar lavage.
th nose bleeds.
e chronic medical condition, including heart or lung disease, diabetes, and chronic liver disease
er, then Td every ten 10 years
s. The lesions have a fibrous component that cause the central area to dimple.
Recurrent bacterial infections in an adult should raise suspicion for what dis Common variable immunodeficiency -
What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis? Riluzole
What is the drug of choice for PCP? TMP-Smx
What is the CD4+ count for PCP diagnosis? CD4+ < 200
What other drugs should be administered with TMP-SMX for use in pcp? corticosteroids for patients with pao2<
A smoker with hypercalcemia presents with a normal amount of 1,25 dihydrox Hypercalcemia of malignancy as in sm
Pyelonephritis is diagnosed 48-72 hours later with what diagnostic test? CT scan
Wernicke encephalopathy clinical features include what? Encephalopathy, ocular dysfunction, ga
A patient with a myocardial infarction also presents with leg pain. What is t Perform echocardiogram for acute lim
Chest x-ray can be used to diagnose what disease? CHF and Aortic Dissection (widened m
V/Q scan is used for the diagnosis of what diseases? V/Q scan is used to diagnose pulmona
What is the common outcome of digitalis toxicity? Atrial tachycardia (due to activation of
Patient with a disease that can affect others like meningococcal meningitis d You need to hospitalize against his will
P.S.C is associated with what other disease? ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis show with what liver function tests? Elevated liver function tests in a choles
Treat symptomatic sinus bradycardia with what drug? Atropine
When is a CT angiogram of chest necessary? pulmonary embolism
What are the aminotransferase levels for acetaminophen intoxication and vira>1000 U/L
Asbestosis shows up in what type of worker? Industrial worker like a ship-yard work
When does pulmonary contusion occur? Following trauma, patient has trouble
SJS involves burns with how much body surface area <10%
Burns >30% of body TEN
Acute acalculous cholecystitis is found in what type of patients? Patients who are in hospital or after su
Patients with myasthenia gravis need to be managed next with what test? CT scan of the chest
What disease is a common complication of sickle cell disease? Osteonecrosis(aseptic necrosis) of the
ommon variable immunodeficiency - with recurrent respiratory (pna, sinnusitis, otitis) and gi infections (salmonella, campylobac
ulmonary embolism
atients who are in hospital or after surgery will be diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis
T scan of the chest
steonecrosis(aseptic necrosis) of the femoral head
tions (salmonella, campylobacter), autoimmune disease like RA and thyroid disease
e whole blood contains numerous leukocytes, and increases the risk of febrile reaction
ateral LE weakness, sensory loss, gait ataxia
re you do a upper gi endoscope
h BUN >60 mg/dl
linergic drug
fectino and cause cause a well-circumscribed verrucouos nodule and plaques on skin.
also characterized by low volume state (low blood pressure). Remove metformin to prevent kidney damage
aging kidneys because bph doesn't cause proteinuria
mon peroneal nerve
umonia, endocarditis)
muscular rigidity, clumsy gait
affect the SENSORIMOTOR system of both the UPPER and LOWER extremities
e can present in HIV (immunocompromised) patients but they do not have to have HIV history. Anyone taking glucocorticoids is
e patients present with elevated LDH values.
d only affect one of them (LH)
tial nephritis
Pleural effusion leads to what fin Nonpalpable point of maximal impulse
Pericardial effusion that leads No J.V.D
Intracranial HTN can lead to wha Headaches, blurred vision
Most important intervention for cWeight loss
Vasovagal syncope episodes are pnausea, diaphoresis, bradycardia, and pallor
Pain, stress, situations that inc Vasovagal syncope
What's a good cut-off value for P PSA >4 ng/ml is a cut-off for prostate cancer
What is consolidation therapy? This is a therapy given after induction therapy with multi drug regimens to furthe
Any patient who is suffering from Prothrombin complex concentration
Patients who develop acute bleedMedication - related bleed like Warfarin overdose
Patient has symptoms of acute artpain, pallor, poikilothermia, parasthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis
Patient with acute lim bischemia Anticoagulation wit heparin
Treatment for myasthenic crisis therapeutic plasma exchange
Crohn's disease presents with whaoral ulcers in mouth
Parkinson's patients appears withA shuffling gait (or a hypokinetic gait)
Single brain abscess is causedd Viridans streptococcus and staphyloccosu aureus.
Ring-enhancing lesion could indic Viridans streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus.
When patient is interested in alte Physician asks why
Epidydymitis in patients above 35Eserichia coli
Livedo reticularis is caused by w cholesterol embolism
drug regimens to further reduce tumor burden. An example is multi-drug therapy after induction therapy for acute leukemia.
nd paralysis
therapy for acute leukemia.
The first step of evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules is what? Obtain previous radiographic lung images; ab
If there are no previous radiographic films to detect a malignancy, wh Perform CT
What technique is best for centrally located lesions? Bronchoscopy
What is best technique for peripheral lesions? CT-guided percutaneous biopsy
What is the profile for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Decreased TLC, Normal FEV1/FVC ratio, decre
IgA nephropathy occurs how many days after URI? 5 days
What is the complement values for patient with IgA nephropathy? Normal complement values unlike Lupus and
Someone with chronic cough > 8 weeks needs to gather what test? P.F.T test to rule out asthma.
Causes of chronic cough include four types: upper airway cough syndrome, G.E.R.D., and
Diffuse scleroderma occurs with what signs/symptoms esophageal dysmotility, fibrotic lung disease,
Systemic sclerosis leads to what issues downstream? Decreased peristalsis and decreased tone in t
Patient presents to ED with severe dyspnea and right sided chest pain Anti-platelet therapy (intravenous heparin inf
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
A 42-year old woman comes to the office due to 4 weeks of episodic up Peptic ulcer disease (probably due to h. pylor
What is the preferred treatment for asterixis due to ammonia intoxica Nonabsorbable dissacharides (lactulose, lacti
Any person with difficulty swallowing from throat may present with w Barium swallow study
Cerebellar ataxia presents with what finding? ipsilateral ataxia
Low back pain in a patient with cancer would suggest what cause for Low back pain from metastatic disease
Reperfusion treatment Percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopla
Reperfusion treatment 2 Thrombolysis (if PTCA not available within 12
radiographic lung images; absence of growth over 2-3 years rule out malignancy.
utaneous biopsy
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio, decreased diffusion capacity C.O.
herapy or 5-FU
cause it does not allow for accurate depth measurement.
s - as indicated by market elevated in serum CPK. The main danger associated with cPK leves greater than 20,000U/l is acute ren
e and fibrinogen times are normal.
oglobinopathies
n the room)
pears as a hyperdense lesion in one focal area of the brain. (usually near the middle)
TB presents asupper lobe cavitary lesion
Aspiration PNLower Lobe cavitary lesion
Cryptococcal CD4<100/mm3
PCP presents CD4<200/mm3
Central cord Decreased sensation/motor Fx in arms with relative sparing of legs after forced hypeextension
Hypovolemic Low PCWP and CVP values
What is a coh Cohort can be performed when studying incidence of disease in 2 populations with/without a given R
Odds ratios arCase control studies
Rupture of th 5 days to two weeks after an acute MI occurs.
Pericardial f 1-3 Days after an MI.
Aortic dissec Acute pericardial tamponade if dissection involves aortic root
Ventricular a late (weeks to months) after acute ST elevation - scarred or fibrotic myocardial wall
Viral arthirit Viral arthiritis ism ore benign - symptoms improve over 10-15 minutes of normal activity.
BenzodiazepinBenzo does not cause respiratory depression or pupillary constriction. Alcohol and phenytoin intoxica
CT scan of muDiffuse axonal injur occurs from traumatic brain injury.
What is the t First line is 100% O2, followed by ergotamine ( because 100% o2 is most rapid form of treatment)
IV Drug users Bacterial endocarditis involving right sided heart valves.
What are two Tobacco
r and alcohol
What is the t Beta blockers
Holter monitoroutpatient settings to identify intermittent arrythmias in patients with symptoms (syncope, pallpitatio
What is the d Lorazepam
Most commonP.U.D. (symptoms occur in absence of a food buffer)
Opthalmoscope Cataract
blurred visionCataract
Primary hyperPrimary hyperaldosteronism does not present with hypernatremia because of the atrial natridiuretic e
Duodenal ulceDuodenal ulcer improves with eating.
What is a coinSeborrheic keratosis
Uremic pericarDIFFUSE ST ELEVATION
What type of Acute pericarditis
What is the r <6 months of life left over.
Resting tremoParkinson's disease
r forced hypeextension
cardial wall
of normal activity.
Alcohol and phenytoin intoxication look like benzo OD but they have nystagmus too.
d nitruofurantoin.
stress fracture; for example, running or gymnastics.
rrhea/amenorrhea, low bone density
osis, calculate the anion gap to detect the cause of the metabolic alkalosis.
ke symptoms
e of thrombolytis.
azine and pyrimethamine
s patients with shock liver, massive increases in AST/ALT, and milder increase in total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase
foot from the metatarsal heads to the third and fourth toes.
m osmolarity is <275 mOsm/kg
tory markers.
inhibitors, ARBS, NSAIDS.
or euvolemic hypernatremia.
alkaline phosphatase
TB can cause what condition that leads to eT.B. can cause autoimmune adrenal insufficiency which is a normal anio
When a patient experiences syncope upon st orthostatic hypotension
When a woman experiences syncope after str Vasovagal syncope
When someone wakes up 3-4 times a monthTreatment indication is to add an inhaled corticosteroid.
When should an x-ray be used when diagnoSuspected malignancy should be diagnosed with X-ray.
In patient with suspectd stroke what is th CT first to rule out bleeds followed by MRI
Further pap tests are not necessary for wo Any woman >65 who had their cervix removed for reasons other than c
IV n.s. is used to treat what condition? Hypovolemic hypernatremia from lithium use.
Hypovolemic hypernatremia that is not sym5% dextrose.
Renal disease presents with certain lab findproteinuria or fluid retention (acute nephritic syndrome)
M.S. leads to what symptoms? optic neuritis and transverse myelitis (motor and sensory loss below les
What cardiac drug does NOT show improvemen Digoxin
Mixed cryoglobulinemia presents with whathepatitis C
if the CHA2DS2-VASc score = 0 what does t no additional therapy needed for patient with a.fib, because no risk fo s
Heinz bodies are seen in what type of anemG6PD deficiency (thalassemia)
Endotracheal intubation preferentially fills Right side of lungs is filled with E.T. tube due to shorter trachea on right
What does acromegaly cause? Concentric myocardial hypertrophy
Pseudomonas aeuriginosa is the cause of whGranulomatous infection of ear, which is malignant otitis externa. This c
P.C.D.K. is diagnosed with what test? ultrasound
Bilateral palpable abdominal mass indicate A.D.P.C.K.D
Ureteral stone obstruction that radiates to Abdominal ultrasonogram
ency which is a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
rticosteroid.
with X-ray.
ved for reasons other than cancer does not need another pap smear.
tic syndrome)
r and sensory loss below lesion, incontinence)
. nystagmus, 4. intention tremor or dysmetria, 5. impaired R.A.M. 6. pendular knee reflex; clonus = pyramidal tract disease (not
sent sensation from nipple downwards.
volume overload?
= pyramidal tract disease (not brisk.)
An obese person that cannot sleep at night is d Obstructive sleep apnea.
Mucocutaneous lesions with flaccid bullae and Pemphigus vulgaris
What is the treatment for pemphigus vulgaris? Systemic glucocorticoids
Autism age of presentation Autism presents early during early preschool and school-aged pop
What are the signs/symptoms of autism? School-aged with fixed interest, plays with toys, and social exclusio
Septic shock presents in what type of patient? Post-op patient a few days after surgery, give .9% saline to restore
Post-op day 4 after abdominal surgery shows fev Could have septic shock. Give .9% n.s.
RBC transfusion goal is to keep HB above what v >7g/dl unless they have not responded to crystalloid and vasopres
Patient experienced a clavicular fracture. What Performa an angiogram for neurovascular structures (subclavian a
Panic disorder patients complain of what complaSudden CV, GI, neurological complaints that go away after short tim
Patient with CERVICAL cord injury experiences w Syringomyelia - causes loss of pain/temperature and muscle atrop
Pre-renal injury is indicated by a BUN/cr ratio of BUN/Cr>20
What is the indication for prerenal acute kidney Volume loss
Anastamosis after a sigmoid resection would in Cirrhosis
Acute cholecystitis shows with what presentatio RUQ pain, fever, leukocytosis within past 12 hours.
Chronic prosthetic joint infection is commonly Coagulase negative Staph Aureus
Prosthetic joint infections due to Staph aureus a Acute infections <3 months
gram - sepsis can cause what lab values? Thrombocytopenia and elecated glucose levels
Patients with M.D.D. present with what sympto Insomnia, early morning awakenings, low energy
A.B.I is used to diagnose what condition? Peripheral arterial disease
Abdominal ultrasound is used to diagnose what AAA
When do you use arterial ultrasound? P.A.D. patient who obtained abnormal A.B.I.
What is the treatment for acute pancreatitis tha Endoscopic drainage procedure.
Schizophreniform disorder is defined by what t 1-6 mo of symptom onset, same symptoms as schizo -doesn't requ
A patient with S.B.O. with distended loops of bowSurgery
Bulimia patient presents with what type of com Bulimic patients can compensate for over-eating by fasting or exer
How much do bulimic patients weight? normal weight to overweight
Patients with somatic symptom disorder require Regularly schedule appointments with physician to establish a stro
Patient with G.A.D. must have multiple issues fo >6 months
Adjustment disorder would require emotional/beWithin 3 months of stressor.
What are some stabilizing treatments for bipolar Lithium and valproate, but remember lithium messes up your kidn
What is the treatment for a stress fracture found Rest and analgesics.
Stress fractures typically occur on what bone? Second metatarsal
Psoas abscess presentation? Fever with lower abdominal or flank pain radiating to the groin.
How do you diagnose psoas abscess? CT scan.
Patient with M.D.D. who is bereaving needs wha Psychotherapy and antidepressant like mirtazapine
Following rhinoplasty, whistling noise is heard duNasal septum perforation
early preschool and school-aged population.
st, plays with toys, and social exclusion
er surgery, give .9% saline to restore blood pressure to >90mmHg.
ed glucose levels
kenings, low energy
bnormal A.B.I.
me symptoms as schizo -doesn't require decline in function. Remember, that for schizoaffective there needs to be delusions in a
ate for over-eating by fasting or exercising too much. Remember, compensatory behavior not only implies fasting, but also exer
member lithium messes up your kidneys. Other options are quetapine and lamotrigine.
tion, and use ice packs and analgesics to relieve associated pain.
n R.B.C.s does not exist in Thalassemia]
due to loss of gastric acid. Volume depletion also causes a contraction metabolic alkalosis with activation of the R.A.A.S
l anaerobes.
ia, associated with THUMB abnormalities (unlike fanconi's). Also presents with short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, shielded ch
societal rules.
r toward authority figures.
been working to prevent relapse.
cturally and functionally to uterus such as ovaries, fallopian tube, or any structure surrounding connective tissue
locytosis - only use in treatment resistant schizophrenia (resistant to >/2 antipsychotic drugs)
with medications use long-acting injectable.
which pushes on the fetal heart, slowing it down to a nadir, where the heart will contract.
viate intermittent variable decelerations.
B cells; treat with stem cell transplant Give iVIG for HUMORAL immunodeficiencies like x-linked a gammaglobulinemia, CVID
tivation of the R.A.A.S
onnective tissue
a gammaglobulinemia, CVID
PDE-5 inhibitor
bluish vision
a1 antagonist Doxazosin
Laryngoscopy Laryngomalacia which presents in infants as inspiratory stridor.
Sudden onset Systemic lupus erythematosis
Patient with Then perform CT scan
Mcc of prima Uterine atony - failure of uterus to contract and compress the placental site blood vessels.
Treatment forOxytocin
Wernicke enceneurological symptoms, oculomotor dysfunction, gait ataxia
Amennorhea >/ Elevated FSH/LH>1.0
If N.A.A.T di Treatment the chlamydia not the gonorrhea
Necrotizing e Feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, and bloody stools.
Risk factors f Prematurity, hypotension, and congenital heart disease.
Hall-mark X-raPneumatosis intestinalis
First line tre antipsychotics, lithium, valproate.
Patients with antipsychotic alone, or combo with initiation of mood stabilizer to manage symptoms effectively.
site blood vessels.
enic rupture.
c presentation spontaneously.
urther evaluation.
pain. Sanguinopurulent vaginal discharge, boggy tender uterus, dilated cervix.
s, photophobia, dry scaly skin, xerosis conjunctiva, xerosis cornea, keratomalacia, bitot spots, follicular hyperkeratosis of shoulde
g forward, pericardial frction rub, diffuse concave upward elevations across precordial and limb leads.
kussmaul's sign.
s (in endemic areas)
d hypertension.
ment of atherosclerotic calcification
M, V-VASCULAR DZ(PRIOR MI, P.A.D., aortic plaque), a-age 65-75, sC-SEX CATEGORY (FEMALE)
malities. Then, the Q - bank says something fancy like "perivalvular" abscess which simply means "INFECTION AROUND THE VALV
on-productive cough.
INFECTION AROUND THE VALVE."
Syncope from valvular obPreceding history of extertional dyspnea, chest pain, and orf atigue.
Vasovagal syncope . In response to stress, pain, certain actions(urination).
Vasovagal syncope commFemales.
Hyperventilation is can Vasoconstriction.
Abnormal fourth heart soAcute phase of MI - left sided neck pain, substernal discomfort.
How do you treat an induAnti-platelet therapy
Atrial fibrillation is mos Pulmonary veins
AV reentrant tachycardia Reentrant circuit involving an accessory AV bypass tract.
Aortic regurgitation has Enlarged left ventricle closer to the chest wall, causes a pounding sensation, increased aw
Tricuspid stenosis presenright sided h.f. (elevated JVP, hepatomegaly, ascites, peripheral edema).
Torsades de pointes has Immediate defibrillation
Torsades de pointes treatIV Magnesium.
Ventriculr aneurysm is a 5 days - 3 months
Explain the significance Ventricular aneurysm is a late complication of acute ST segment elevation
Stable patient with wid Anti-arrhythmic drugs (amiodarone, procainamide, sotalol, lidocaine)
Patients with persisent Synchronized electrocardioversion
Patients with P.A.D. and Nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke.
Patients with P.A.D have Cardiovascular causes.
Patients with P.A.D. ; 1-2 Ischemia with risk of limb amputation.
Coronary atherosclerosis Acute coronary syndrome
Psychomotor agitation and cocaine intoxication
Stress-induced (takotsuboSeen predominantly in older adults in response to intense physical or emotional stress or a
Management of chest pain Benzodiazepines for blood pressure, ASA, Nitro, CCB, Beta blockers contraindicated, fibrino
Management of cocaine ch Immediate Cardiac Catherization with reperfusion when indicated.
Patients with diagnosis urinalysis for occult hematuria, urine protein/creatinine ratio, chemistry panel, lipid profile
Thyroid stimulating hormoccult hypothyroidism.
Twenty-four hour urine mpheochromocytoma.
Primary renal disease di Renal ultrasound duplex dopper U.S. is useful in screening for renal artery stenosis in pati
Imaging studies for renal Creatinine or abnormal urinalysis.
Acute mitral regurgitati Papillary muscle displacements in patients with acute MI.
Acute mitral regurgitati Elevated left atrial and ventricular filling pressures/ acute pulmonary edema.
Chronic mitral regurgita Significant changes in left atrial or ventricular size and/or compliance.
Acute MR - consequenceNo significant changes in size.
Hypertensive emergency Severe
- hypertension (usually >/180/120) associated with retinal hemorrhages, exudates, a
HTN encephelopathy is a Cerebral Edema.
What is hypertensive urg Severe hypertension(usually >180/120) with no symptoms or acute end-organ damage.
Hypertensive emergency Malignant
- htn - severe htn with retinal hemmorhages, exudates, papilledema.
Htn encephelopathy. Severe HTN with cerebral edema & non-localizing neurologic symptoms and signs.
Systolic anterior motion oHOCEM.
Patient with aortic steno Increased myocardial oxygen demand.
Aortic stenosis presents Right first I.C. space increases myocardial oxygen demand.
What is the initial therap Beta blockers
When patient is euthyroi Thionamides, radioidine, surgery.
Adenosine clinical use S.V.T patients.
Anti-arrhthmic drugs(amiMaintenace of sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal A.F.
Electrical or chemical ca Restore sinus rhythm in patients with A.F.
What is the strongest prePremature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy
Strongest predictors of large aneurysm diameter, rapid rate of expansion, current cigarette smoking
Current indications for o aneurysm size>5.5 cm, rapid rate of aneurysm expansion (>.5 cm in 6 months or >1 cm pe
Presence of symptoms regAbdominal, back, or flank pain, limb ischemia.
Systemc HTN is the most Aortic dissection
Marfan syndrome is respoPatients<40
Marfan syndrome is uncoPatients>60
What are three risk factorHypertension, marfan, cocaine use
Clinical features of marf Severe, sharp, tearing chest or back pain with >20 mm Hg variation in systolic bp between
PCI is recommended withPCI is recommended within 90 minutes of a stemi.
What are additional stabiOxygen, full dose ASA, platelet P2Y12 receptor blockers, nitro for pain control, beta blocke
When do you give fibrinoFibrinolysis is administered within 12 hours of symptom onset of STEMI patient who cann
Atheroembolism is a comCardiac catheterization and other vascular procedures.
Atheroembolism is characBlue toe syndrome, livedo reticularis, cerebral or intesitnal ischemia, acute kidney injury, H
Treatment for atheroembStatin therapy.
Atrial fibrillation patie TSH and free T4 levels measured to screen for occult hyperthyroiism as underlying cause.
Patient with dilated card alcohol
What are the laboratory AST:ALT is 2:1
ounding sensation, increased awareness of heartbeat.
heral edema).
gment elevation
l, lidocaine)
e physical or emotional stress or acute medical illness (unexpected death of a relative, grave medical diagnosis, arguments, signi
a blockers contraindicated, fibrinolytics not preferred due to increased risk of intracranial hemmorhage.
pulmonary edema.
compliance.
retinal hemorrhages, exudates, and/or papilledema. Hypertensive encelopathy is associated with cerebral edema.
cerebral edema.
myocardial infarction, intracranial hemmorhage, mortality compared to PCI.
Adenosine dx/management Adenosine can diagnose and manage narrow QRS complex tachycard
Adenosine MOA Adenosine slows sinus rate, increases AV node conduction delay, tran
Adenosine MOA2 Adenosine terminates P.S.V.T. by interrupting AV nodal reentry circuit
Amiodarone Clinical use Amiodarone is used to treat atrial fibrillation.
Patient with acute arterial occlusion should Anticoagulation while further diagnostic procedures are performed.
P.A.D. treatment Heparin prevents further thrombus propagation and thrombosis in th
Patient with suspected acute arterial occlusio Anti-coagulation with heparin.
Folley catheters contain what substance that Latex allergy
Dilated left ventricle can result after a Myoar ACE inhibitors.
An abnormal fourth heart sound (atrial gallop Acute phase of myocardial infarction due to LV stiffening and dysfunc
What is the MCC of aortic stenosis in patients Bicuspid aortic valve.
Three MCC causes of aortic stenosis in genera Senile calcific aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic heart d
HOCEM murmur is best heard where? Lower left sternal border, it does not radiate to the carotids.
Myxomatous valve degeneration causes what Mitral valve proplapse.
Rheumatic heart disease can be the cause of wAortic stenosis.
Senile calcific aortic stenosis is MCC aortic st Age >70 years old.
What is the major cause of morbidity and morta Cardiovascular disease.
Patients with P.A.D. and intermittent claudica Nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke
P.A.D. patients have 15%-30% risk of death du Cardiovascular cause
1-2% of patients with P.A.D. progress to devel Critical limb ischemia with risk of limb amputation.
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is MCC cause oYoung adults in developed countries
AR leads to an early decrescendo diastolic mu Diaphraghm of stehtoscope along left sternal border at third/fourth I
w QRS complex tachycardia.
ode conduction delay, transient bock in AV node conduction.
g AV nodal reentry circuit.
, palpitations)
l arterioles
A. fib in hemodynamicallB blocker or CCB
Hemodynamically unstabl Synchronized cardioversion
Atrial fibrillation origi Atrial fibrillation originates in the pulmonary veins
What is an independent Hyponatremia.
p
Normal ejection fractionRestrictive cardiomyopathy
Hepatojugular reflex, KuConstrictive pericarditis
Treatment option for rigGive normal saline bolus
Right ventricular infarct Hypotension, JVP is low or normal, lungs clear
Bounding pulses is asso Aortic regurgitation
Most important factors iadequate bystander CPR, prompt rhythm analysis and defibrillation
Descending aortic aneu Atherosclerosis
What PE finding is pres Widened mediastinum.
How do you diagnose avfDoppler ultrasound
What is the treatment f Surgical therapy
Exercise stress ECG is Initial test/dx for risk stratification in patients with suspected stable ischemic heart disease.
Aortic dissection in a Ct angiography
Marfan syndrome presenEarly diastolic murmur
Amiodarone is associatePatient with a fibrillation and underlying ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Verapamil side effects constipation, impaired cardiac conduction/contracility.
How do you treat pulseleCompressions
Systolic diastolic abdom Renal artery stenosis
What is the common caus Bicuspid aortic valve
Aortic dissection risk fa htn (most common), marfan syndrome, cocaine use.
Knife like pain describe Aortic dissection
Knife like pain describe Aortic dissection
Ascending aortic dissectAortic regurgitation
What PE findings are moHepatojugular reflex, unlike cirrhosis of liver which would not show hepatojugular reflex.
Tachycardia mediated c Rate/rhtyhm control
Niacin flushing is cause Prostaglandin reaction
Pulsus paradoxus occursCardiac tamponade and pericardial effusions from disease like severe asthma or COPD
e ischemic heart disease.
w hepatojugular reflex.
ary syndrome is the most life threaning of them all, you need to work this one up first.
When do you Symptomatic patients with potential tachyarrythmias.
What parameters vary with pretest probability Negative predictive value.
Do sensitivity/specificity values fluctuate with No, only PPV and NPV
Injury to the lower spinal cord would result i Cauda Equina syndrome
Is Cauda Equina syndrome a LMN or UMN inju Cauda Equina syndrome is LMN - therefore you visualize hyporerefle
Spinal cord injury involves what characteristic Radiculopathy
Saddle anesthesia implies what problem? Injury to the lower spinal cord
Parkinson's vs . Bening Essential Tremor Benign Essential tremor worsens as you get closer to object(intention
What are some abortive therapy for migrane Triptans (sumatriptan), NSAIDS (naproexen), acetaminophen, antiem
What are some preventive therapy for migrai Topiramate, divalproex sodium, T.C.A., beta blockers (propranolol)
Patient with seizure comes in after a traumatic Cb.T. without contrast (because we are not looking for primary disease
Curtain over eye suggests what diagnosis? Amourasis fugax.
What is the most common risk factor for amourAtherosclerotic emboli-- give ipsilateral caridectomy
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur is heard Interventricular septal hypertrophy
If the primary cause of pulmonary hypertensionDiuretic/ACE inhibitor
Widened mediastinal silhouette would be suggThoracic aortic aneurysm, increased aortic knob, tracheal deviation.
How do you confirm diagnosis of a T.A.A.? C.T. scan with contrast
A.A.A. is typically associated with what cardiac Atherlosclerosis
Cerebellar bleeding may be caused what risk f Hypertension
High blood pressure is a cause of what type of Intraparenchymal hemmorhage, causing ipsilateral hemiataxia
Ascending aortic dissection can propagate pro Aortic valve insufficiency
Infective endocarditis (think heroin abuse) ca Can metastasize to the brain (which causes cerebral septic emboli) -
IIH (young, obese woman) is diagnosed with whLumbar puncture with opening pressure
What medications are associated with IIH? Tetracyclines, hypervitaminosis a
you visualize hyporereflexia and asymmetric muscle weakness
silateral hemiataxia
a
What should yAt clinic, you should continue to consult people involved in patient's care. This includes nurses, case m
What is your First, ask questions in focused manner. Then, once you got pertinent information, start asking checklis
re. This includes nurses, case mangers, and consultants.
formation, start asking checklist questions.
What is reduced effective arterial blood volume? Reduced effective arterial blood volume implies that we have
od volume implies that we have decreased tissue perfusion despite increased ECV from H.F., which makes it look like a reduced
ch makes it look like a reduced effective arterial blood volume.
High post-voi > 50 ml
reactivatino t occurs at the apices of the lung in patients who are immuncompromised; may be w/ MAC
ed; may be w/ MAC
Gout go - out => find the __ in the hay stack needle shaped crystals
pseudgout
RAIU scan - when RAIU is increased, w it means, thyroid is producing a lot of thyroid hormone, so you will increase
What is thyroglobulin? Thyroglobulin is a storage hormone produced in the thyroid follicular cells
What is the use of thyroglobulin? If thyroglobulin is elevated in context of hyperthyroid, then you know it's end
CD4 <180, severe watery diarrhea cryptosporidium
cd4<100, fever rare microsporidium
cd4<50, high fever >39C MAC
CD4 count<50, frequent small volume C.M.V.
id hormone, so you will increase up take.
ed in the thyroid follicular cells
perthyroid, then you know it's endogenous; low thyroglobulin is produced outside of the thyroid
Tinea corporisimmunocompromising conditions (HIV, D.M.)
1st line drug PCN
2nd line for staph or gram -
1st line for s cillins
_____ is the l Linezolid
1st line for g amox/amp w/ or w/out b-lactamase inhibitor
Name of the cCefazolin, ceft, Cefepime(pseudomonas)
Anaerobic druMTZ
Moxi-floxacin gram -
ABX FOR UTI Ampicillin/Cipro