Length of

Bottom level Sand+Lime Thickness of

Height of Bottom of Lime+Soil Bottom of Bottom of Column below Lime + Soil
Top Level of Existing RE wall level of Stabilised Bamboo Lime+Sand (Lime+soil Stabilised
Site SECTION RE Wall Ground Level from EGL PCC Pad layer Pile Column Stablised) Layer. Layer
Sishubihar III 91.831 86.035 5.796 84.65 83.65 78.65 75.051 8.599 1
II 90.711 86.045 4.666 84.65 83.65 78.65 75.051 8.599 1
I 88.475 86.088 2.387 84.65 83.65 78.65 75.051 8.599 1

Melarmath III 92.991 86.507 6.484 85.10 84.1 79.1 76.5 7.6 1
II 91.151 86.523 4.628 85.1 84.1 79.1 76.5 7.6 1
I 88.915 86.489 2.426 85.1 84.1 79.1 76.5 7.6 1
 Mid Depth of
Thickness of Pressure Bulb
bamboo Bottom Top Width of below bottom
piled soil Width of Improved of RE Wall Pad
layer RE Wall Soil Level
5 8.14 9.5 6.105
5 8.14 9.5 6.105
5 8.14 9.5 6.105

5 8.14 9.5 6.105

5 8.14 9.5 6.105
5 8.14 9.5 6.105

8.599
 date of R.L of Test
Site PLT No. Testing Position Point Plate Size Ultimate Load
Ch. 2122.95/ 28m
Sishubihar PLT-03 4/8/2016 from A2 45cm

Ch.2233.15/
PLT-04 19/08/2016 137m from A2 45cm
PLT-01 28/06/2017 24m from A2 84.1

Melarmath PLT-01 25/05/2017 84.524 60cm

PLT-10 20/09/2016 6m from A3 84.9 45cm
7/9/2017 20.5m from A3 84.53 30cm

10/9/2017 25.6m from A3 84.53 60cm

 Corrected
Subgrade Modulus Subgrade Modulus
Ultimate for plate as per IS for plate as per IS
Ultimate Pressure Settlement Safe Pressure 9214, (Kg/cm3) 9214, (Kg/cm3)

10.3 25 4.12 1.2 0.94

28.5 25 11.4 5.6 4.52

20.65 25 8.26 3.72 2.91

21 25 10
24.05 25 9 2 1.11
31.48 44.5

47.04 40.19
 Capacity Spacing of
Nos. of of Single Bamboo
Bamboo Bamboo (Avg) Remarks

Over Bamboo Pile

Test done over

500mm sand Pad
placed over bamboo
pile

Over (Sand+Lime) Pile

Over bamboo pile in
between (Sand+Lime)
Pile
 Site:- Melarmath
Section:- I

This section I of Melarmath Embankment Site is having lesser heights than the other two Sections. After studying the detail soil investigation reports including field te
design soil profile of the site is considered for a depth of 12.21m from the proposed founding level comprised of thee soil strata. The width of the RE wall is considere
comes as one and half times of the width of the RE wall equals to 12.21m from founding level and considered to be the influence zone. Though; in the deeper depth
influence zone of the pressure are divided into four levels of layers considering the ending line of different ground improvement techniques as involved in the ground
strata. Each layer has been considered as a contributing layer in terms of ultimate bearing capacity and settlement; and used in the design of ground improvement. H
assessing pile capacity of bamboo including settlement is also addressed with a simplified approach which later are to be confirmed by pile load tests.
LAYER PROPERTIES
Angle of internal
Contributing Thickness Cohesion in friction in degree
Layer From to (m) t/m2 ('c') () Design 'N'Value
1 0 1 1 41.2 10 N/A
2 1 3.35 2.35 3.6 0 6
3 3.35 6.35 3 0 36 30
4 6.35 12.21 5.86 3.36 0 4

Calculation of Bearing Capacity

Layer-1 (Lime mixed Soil)
Considering only 'c' value
Qult= c x Nc Nc= 5.14 Ref. IS 6403 : 1981 (Reaffirmed 1997)
211.768 t/m2
Layer-2
Qult= c x Nc Nc= 5.14 Ref. IS 6403 : 1981 (Reaffirmed 1997)
18.5 t/m2
Layer-3 (In normal dense sand)
Qult= 40.5 t/m2 (1.35 *N) (Ref. P.C Varghese, Cl. 6.15, pp. 127, multiplied by 1.35 to reach ultimate capaci
Layer-4
Qult= c x Nc Nc= 5.14 Ref. IS 6403 : 1981 (Reaffirmed 1997)
17.3 t/m 2
 Qult(W)= Average weighted Ultimate bearing capacity
39.14 t/m2
Qa= Allowable pressure (Considering Partial Safety Factor as 1.35, Ref. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016, Table 11)
Qa= 29 t/m2
Calculation for Settlement Criteria (Melarmath-Section- I)

Angle of internal Mid-depth Soil

Contributing Thickness Cohesion in friction in degree Pressure in (t/m2) Elastic Modulus
Layer From to (m) t/m2 ('c') () Design 'N'Value P'eff. (t/m2)
1 0 1 1 41.2 10 N/A 11.80 2222
2 1 3.35 2.35 3.6 0 6 11.21 370
3 3.35 6.35 3 0 36 30 9.18 5500
4 6.35 12.21 5.86 3.36 0 4 6.44 308

Layer-1 Load factor considered= 1.3 (Ref. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:20

Total width of RE Wall is 8.14 m, Hence half of the width of the same is conside
Elastic Modulus of sand:- E=220+11(N) kg/cm2
It is assumed that the layer 1 will not contribute in consolidation settlement du

Immediate Settlement by Elastic Method considering Lime-Soil mixed layer as

Induced Compressive Stress:-
Thickness of Lime-mixed soil layer:-
Immediate Settlement:- 13.08 mm Elastic Modulus of Lime-mixed soil:-
Elastic Displacement:-
Layer 2
Consolidation Settlement
P'0= Average effective vertical stress before construction Unit weight of Soil:- 1.74 t/m2
 2.458 t/m2 EGL to founding Level (D):- 1.389 m
Overconsolidation Ratio(OCR)= 1.20 >1 Hence This is a case of Over Consolidation
OCR Condition:- 11.21 <P'c e0= 1.147
Sc= (Cs * Hc)/(1+e0)*Log((P'0 +P'avg)/ P'0)
Consolidation Settlement of this layer= 70.04 mm
Factor related to pore pressure parameter ()= 0.70 (Ref. IS: 8009 (Part I) -1976, Reaffirmed 1998, Table 1
Correction against pore pressure:- 49.03 mm
Depth Factor:- 0.68 (Ref. IS: 8009 (Part I) -1976, Reaffirmed 1998, Fif. 12
Correction against Depth factor:- 33.34 mm (Considering L=B)
Final consolidation for this soil layer is = 33.34 mm
Layer-3
settlement of this layer is considered as 25 mm against bearing pressure of 30 t/m2
Actual Design pressure in this layer is 9.18 t/m2
Hence Settlement of this layer is = 10.3 mm

Layer 4
Consolidation Settlement
P'0= Average effective vertical stress before construction Unit weight of Soil:- 1.74 t/m2
7.90 t/m 2
EGL to founding Level:- 1.389 m
As P'0 > P'eff. Hence this layer is not at all settled by the imposed pressure from the embankment

Total Settlement of the Soil under Embankment= 56.7 mm

Net Settlement of the Soil under Embankment (Post NB: Immediate settlement will be accomplished w
Construction ignoring immediate settlement)= 43.6 mm construction period. Construction Period conside
< 75mm considered as maximum allowable settlement

Settlement due to Secondary Co

Time of Consolidation in oedometer tests (t1) 29.6 minutes ep= 0.855
Thickness of sample (h1):- 10 mm t1= 3.11
Thickness of governing clay layer 2 2350 mm C= 0.0014
Time of complete Primary Consolidation (t2):- 3.11 years H= 2350
t2= 100.00
Ss= 5.0
ath

ng the detail soil investigation reports including field tests (SPT) and Laboratory tests results the
of thee soil strata. The width of the RE wall is considered as 8.14m and hence pressure bulb
o be the influence zone. Though; in the deeper depth the effects will be very low. The
nd improvement techniques as involved in the ground improvement including position of soil
ent; and used in the design of ground improvement. However, additional method in terms of
are to be confirmed by pile load tests.

Capacity

5, pp. 127, multiplied by 1.35 to reach ultimate capacity)

Melarmath-Section- I)

Coefficient of Preconsoli
Co-efficient of Coefficient of consolidation Recompre dation
Volume consolidation (Radial) Ch Compressi ssion Pressure
Compressibility (Vertical)Cv (10(-08)) on Index Index P'c
mv X (10(-4)) (m2/t) (10(-08)) (m2/sec) (m2/sec) (Cc) (Cs) (t/m2)
N/A
25.760 3.984 5.976 0.244 0.0137 13.5
N/A
46.830 3.244 4.866 0.248 0.0601 13.5

(Ref. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016, Table 22)

8.14 m, Hence half of the width of the same is considered to be an imaginary width of footing
(Ref. D'Appolina) Here, N=30
er 1 will not contribute in consolidation settlement due to high strength and considering as semi-rigid.

y Elastic Method considering Lime-Soil mixed layer as a semirigid.

11.80 t/m2
1m
2222 t/m2
5.3 mm
 P0'+P'avg
Layer P'avg (t/m )
2
(t/m2)
2 8.754 11.21

NB: Immediate settlement will be accomplished with the completion of the RE wall in staged manner during
construction period. Construction Period considered as 2 month.

Settlement due to Secondary Consolidation

Layer-2
years
mm
years (Design Period)
mm
 Calculation for Settlement Criteria (Melarmath-Section- I)

Angle of internal Mid-depth Soil Elastic

Contributing Thickness Cohesion in friction in degree Pressure in (t/m2) Modulus
Layer From to (m) t/m2 ('c') () Design 'N'Value P'eff. (t/m2)
1 0 1 1 41.2 10 N/A 8.91 2222
2 1 3.35 2.35 3.6 0 6 5.88 370
3 3.35 6.35 3 0 36 30 5.51 5500
4 6.35 12.21 5.86 3.36 0 4 4.60 308

Layer-1 Load factor considered= 1.3 (Ref. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016, T

Total width of RE Wall is 8.14 m, Hence half of the width of the same is considered t
Elastic Modulus of sand:- E=220+11(N) kg/cm2
It is assumed that the layer 1 will not contribute in consolidation settlement du

Immediate Settlement by Elastic Method considering Lime-Soil mixed layer as a se

Immediate Settlement:-
Layer 2
Consolidation Settlement
Induced Compressive Stress:-
Thickness of Lime-mixed soil layer:-
9.87 mm Elastic Modulus of Lime-mixed soil:-
Elastic Displacement:-

P'0= Average effective vertical stress at mid-depth of the layer before construction Unit weight of Soil:- 1.74 t/m2
2.637 t/m2 EGL to founding Level (D):- 1.389 m
Overconsolidation Ratio(OCR)= 1.52 >1 Hence This is a case of Over Consolidation
OCR Condition (P'0+P'avg):- 8.91 <P'c e0= 1.147
Sc= (Cs * Hc)/(1+e0)*Log((P'0 +P'avg)/ P'0)
Consolidation Settlement of this layer= 59.06 mm
Factor related to pore pressure parameter ()= 0.70 (Ref. IS: 8009 (Part I) -1976, Reaffirmed 1998, Table 1
Correction against pore pressure:- 41.35 mm
 Depth Factor:- 0.68 (Ref. IS: 8009 (Part I) -1976, Reaffirmed 1998, Fig. 12
Correction against Depth factor:- 28.11 mm (Considering L=B)
Final consolidation for this soil layer is = 28.11 mm
Layer-3
settlement of this layer is considered as 25 mm against bearing pressure of 30 t/m2
Actual Design pressure in this layer is 9.18 t/m2
Hence Settlement of this layer is = 10.3 mm

Layer 4
Consolidation Settlement
P'0= Average effective vertical stress at mid-depth of the layer before construction Unit weight of Soil:- 1.74 t/m2
7.90 t/m2 EGL to founding Level (D):- 1.389 m
As P'0 > P'eff. Hence this layer is not at all settled by the imposed pressure from the embankment

Total Settlement of the Soil under Embankment= 48.3 mm

Net Settlement of the Soil under Embankment (Post NB: Immediate settlement will be accomplished with
Construction ignoring immediate settlement)= 38.4 mm during construction period. Construction Period consi
< 75mm considered as maximum allowable settlement
 Coefficient of Preconsoli
Co-efficient of Coefficient of consolidation Compres Recompre dation
Volume consolidation (Radial) Ch sion ssion Pressure
Compressibility (Vertical)Cv (10(-08)) Index Index P'c
mv X (10(-4)) (m2/t) (10(-08)) (m2/sec) (m2/sec) (Cc) (Cs) (t/m2)
N/A
25.760 3.984 5.976 0.244 0.0137 13.5
N/A
46.830 3.244 4.866 0.248 0.0601 13.5

8006-1:2010+A1:2016, Table 22)

the same is considered to be an imaginary width of footing
(Ref. D'Appolina) Here, N=30
solidation settlement due to high strength and considering as semi-rigid.

e-Soil mixed layer as a semirigid.

8.91 t/m2
1m
2222 t/m2
4.0 mm

P0'+P'avg
Layer P'avg (t/m )2
(t/m2)
1 6.268 8.905
 l be accomplished with the completion of the RE wall in staged manner
onstruction Period considered as 2 month.