Introduction

Sher Shah Suri (1486 - May 22, 1545) also known as Sher Khan (The Lion King), was a powerful Afghan conqueror in
medieval Delhi, India. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the army of Mughal leader Babur and
finally the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when the new Mughal leader Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah Suri
overran Bengal and became the new emperor after establishing the Suri Empire.[8]

A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself a gifted administrator as well as an able general .His reorganization of the empire
laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun.[8] During his short five year rule from 1540 to
1545, he set up a new template for civic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya in use till 20th century and re-organised
the postal system of India . He further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh (modern day Pakistan) and
revived the historical city of Patna which had been in decline since the 7th century CE.[9] He is also famously remembered for killing
a fully-grown tiger with his bare hands in the Indian jungle.[1][8]
EARLY LIFE

Sher Khan was born in Sasaram, Bihar, India.[1][10] His original birth name was Farid-ud-din Abul Muzaffar but mostly called by the
simple name as Farid. One of eight or 10 (in some sources it is claimed also of 12) sons of Hassan Khan Suri, a vassal of Sasaram
and a horse breeder, Farid rebelled against his father and left home to enlist as a soldier in the service of Jamal Khan, the governor
of Jaunpur (Uttar Pradesh). He later became known as Sher Khan after he killed a full-sized tiger (sher) with his bare hands.
Particularly for this event and generally for his ferocity as a warrior, he was then, later on, called Sultan-E-Azam Sher Shah Suri
meaning the great lion emperor Sher Shah Suri.[1][8]

Sher Khan belonged to the Suri ethnic Pashtun tribe (known as Afghan in historical Persian sources)[11] his parents were Afghan
nobility who descended from a Pashtun nobleman adventurer recruited much earlier by Sultan Bahlul Lodi of Delhi during his long
contest with the Sharqi Sultans of Jaunpur. Most commonly amongst the Pashtuns (Pathans) warrior tribes of the Indian
Subcontinent, he is regarded as one of the most fierce and great emperors of Asia.

He is also the worldwidely credited personality who re- built the longest road highway of the continent of Asia. The highway re-built
by him "The Grand Trunk Road" or the Shahar Rah-e-Azam, survives even to this day and roads of it are in use in the Present day
NWFP, Punjab (East and West), Delhi, UP, Bihar and Bengal (East and West).
ADMINSTRATON AND CENTRAL PROVINCE

Sher Shah rose from the rank of private to be emperor, reorganized the administration efficiently, organised a very well disciplined
and one of the most biggest and efficient armies, an apt tax collection system, built roads and Travelers' inns, rest houses (sarais)
and wells, improved the jurisdiction, founded refuges and hospitals, established free kitchens and organized a mail services and
the police. What more could his management be proved that even one of the greatest rulers of human history, the Mughal Emperor
Akbar, organised the Indian subcontinent on his measures, and even the system which lasted till the 20th century.

He was a visionary ruler and introduced many military and civil reforms. The system of tri-metalism which came to characterise
Mughal coinage was largely the creation of Sher Shah Suri. He minted a coin of silver which was termed the Rupiya that weighed
178 grains and was the precursor of the modern rupee. The same name is still used for the national currency
in Pakistan,India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Mauritius, Maldives, Seychelles among other countries. Gold coins called
the Mohur weighing 169 grains and copper coins called Dam were also minted by his government.[13][14]

MILLIATRY ORGANISATION

Seeing the weaknesses in the Mughal rule and military organization, Sher Shah took advantage of the problems faced by Humayun.

Eventually he managed to overthrow the Mughal rulers. His reign barely spanned five years, but is a landmark in the history of the

Sub-continent. With his deep knowledge and practical experience, he made many brilliant additions and improvements to the existent

system. Sher Shah was a capable military and civilian administrator. He set up reforms in various areas.
COMMUNICATION CENTER

The Suri dynasty of the Pashtuns from Northern India may have been an aberration of the Mughal period, but proved to be a boon
for the postal history of medieval India . In the short span of a 5-year rule (1540-1545), Sher Shah Suri established the foundations
of a mounted post or horse courier system, wherein conveyance of letters was also extended to traders. This is the first known
record of the Postal system of a kingdom being used for non-State purposes, i.e. for trade and business communication. Sher
Shah’s administrative reforms were so well integrated with the postal system, that it rightly earned the place of the first officially
recorded mounted post in India .

His multi-front crusade began with building 3000 miles of communication network, complete with milestones, connecting the
capital, Agra with outlying areas. Sher Shah is also credited with establishing the principal line of communication, the Grand Trunk
Road or Sadak-e-Azam,, which has been rigorously used down the centuries. It ran from Sonargaon (now Upazila in Bangladesh )
through Agra , Delhi and Lahore to Mulatn in Sind (present Pakistan ). Feeder routes from Agra to various parts of North India also
spruced up communication, and will find mention in further articles. One road ran from Attock to Cacca,, a second route from Agra
to Mandu was extended to Burhanpur on Tapti river, a third route from Agra went up to Chittor fort, while a fourth went on to
Jodhpur and Ajmer linking up with the seaports of Gujrat. A new road between Multan and Lahore completed the North-Eastern
link.

Copy trade and commerce

Copy law and order

REVENUE SYSTEM
The earliest efforts to prepare land records on systematic lines and also to adopt innovative methods began with Sher Shah Suri, the Emperor of
Northern India, for just five years (1540-1545). During his regime land records were, prepared recording the holdings of every cultivator which
also showed the extent of area cultivated under each crop in every season. Sher Shah Suri not only changed the system of assessment of land
revenue but also introduced some improvements in the methods of its collection. He gave instructions that leniency was to be shown at the time
of assessment, but not at the time of collection.
The process of revenue administration started by Sher Shah Sur was continued and improved upon under the reign of the Moghal Emperor Akbar
(1556-1605). Todar Mal – the greatest revenue expert, who started his carreer under Sher Shah Sur joined in the service of Akbar, is
remembered even to this day for evolving a system of revenue assessment and survey – a system which drew a balance between the demands
of the State and needs of the subject.
REVENUE SYSTEM TO BE COPIED