()

1
 106 9

2
 :

1. (20%) : 50

2. (30%) :

3. (20%) :

4. (30%):

5.

70

0972286375


0975711091


0972532180


0910062793

1.

50

2.

3.

4.

5. 50

6.

10

7.

8.

9.

4
10.

11.

12. 0

13.

5
 A () : 15:10 18:00

9/19 9/26 10/3 10/17 10/24 10/31 11/7 11/14 11/21 11/28 12/5 12/12 12/19 12/26 1/2 1/9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1

3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2


4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4

6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5

7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6

8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

B () : 14:10 17:00

9/21 9/28 10/5 10/19 10/26 11/2 11/9 11/16 11/23 11/30 12/7 12/14 12/21 12/28 1/4 1/11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1

3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2

4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4

6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5

7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6

6
 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7

....................................... 9

........................................ 27

..................................... 34

..................................... 41

............................................ 56

................................................ 68

......................... 89

...................................................... 105

8

(Fluid Flow & Friction)

1.

2.
3.

()

1.

D U

DU
Re (1)

Re2100
laminar flow
Re4000
(turbulent flow)
2.

9

Q Ub A Ub D2
4 (2)

A
D

U b1 A1 U b 2 A2 (3)

U b1 D12 U b 2 D22
(4)

()

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

1.

Fanning friction equation

10
 L U b2 2 fU b2 L
P wf 4f
D 2 gc gc D (4)
P
wf

Lm
Dm
f
kg m
1
g c SI N s2

M.K.S 9.8kgm/kgfs2

f eD
relative roughness
e

11
2.

wf 4f L D u 2 2 (6)

wf wf 1 wf 2 wf n (7)

wf K f u 2 2 (8)

()

U U-tube manometer
U

Pa Pb h m
g
gc (9)
PU N
P
a Pb U N
hm

12
 m kg/m3

kg/m3
gm/s2
kg m
gc 1
g c SI N s2

(5) U h ab

103Pa
1.60

() (Orifice meter)

P
Bernoulli Equation

uo Co
1 4 2 g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(10)

u o

Pa , Pb a b
C o

13
 Reynolds number
Reynolds number

Reo = Douo/ (Do )

Reo >30,000 Co Co
0.61 Q M

Q u o So So C o
1 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(11)

M u o S o S o C o
1 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(12)

So

14
() (Venturi flow meter)

(Throat)

Bernolli Equation

Va Vb F I

b Vb a Va 2g c Pa Pb
2 2
(13)

Da =
Db =
=

Vb
15

Vb 1 b a 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(14)

(Venturi
coefficient)Cv

Vb C v
1 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(15)

Cv Cv
0.98( 2~8 inch) 0.99
Q M

Q Vb S b S b C v
1 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(16)

M Vb S b S b C v
1 4 2g c Pa Pb
1/ 2
(17)

Pa Pb
10% 90%

16
 17
V1 Sump Tank Drain Valve
V2 Inlet Flow Control Valve
V3 Air Bleed Valves
V4 Isolating Valves
V5 Outlet Flow Control Valve (Fine)
V6 Outlet Flow Control Valve (Coarse)
V7 Manometer Valves

1 6 mm Smooth Bore Test Pipe

2 10 mm Smooth Bore Test Pipe
3 Artificially Roughened Test Pipe
4 17.5 mm Smooth Bore Test Pipe
5 Sudden Contraction
6 Sudden Enlargement
7 Ball Valve
8 45 Elbow
9 45 Y Junction
10 Gate Valve
11 Globe Valve
12 In-line Strainer
13 90 Elbow
14 90 Bend
15 90 T Junction
16 Pitot Static Tube
17 Venturi Meter
18 Orifice Meter
19 Test Pipe Samples
20 1 m Mercury Manometer
21 1 m Pressurised Water Manometer
22 Volumetric Measuring Tank
23 Sump Tank
24 Service Pump
25 Sight Tube
26 Pump Start/Stop
27 Sight Gauge Securing Screws
28 Measuring Cylinder
29 Dump Valve

18

19
1. A

(a)

(b)

(1)
(2) V6
(3) V5 (V6 )
(4) 234
(5)
(6)(1)(4)

20
(c)

cp
g/cc
m

Flow rate, Pipe Velocity Head Reynolds Pipe

Q Diam. u loss, h log(u) log(h) number friction
(m3/s) (m) (m/s) (mmHg) Re Coe. f

(d)

(1) h vs. u
laminar
transition

turbulent flow laminar flow (hu)
(2) log(h) vs. log(u) turbulent flow
(hun) n
(3) transition zone Reynolds number
transition
(4)

21

(5) f f log(Re)
laminar flow turbulent flow
(6) f vs. log (Re)
2. B()
(a)

(b)

(1)
(2) V6
(3)

(4)

22
(5)(1)(4)

(c)

cp
g/cc
m

Volume Time Flow rate, Velocity Velocity Head

K Valve
V T Q u head, hv loss, h
(h/hv) position
(liters) (secs) (m3/s) (m/s) (u2/2g) (mmHg)

4
5
Elbow

9
0
Elbow

Gate
Valve

Globe
Valve

23
(d)

(1) K
(2) K
(3) K K

(4) K

24
3. C()

(a)

(b)

(1)
(2) V6
(3) V5 (V6 )
(4)

(5)
(6)(1)(4)

25
(c)

cp
g/cc
m

Volume Time Velocity

Flow rate, Q Pipe Diam. Head loss, h K
V T ua
(m3/s) (dm) (mmHg) (h/hv)
(liters) (secs) (m/s)

(d)
(1) f f log(Re)
laminar flow turbulent flow

26

(Hydraulics of Precipitator)

1.

2.

()

27


T1:

T2:

P1:

R1:()

R2:()

1:

2:

28

29
 1. A

(1) Vg(L)

(2) 10 L/min

(3) 2%

(4) (T)

(5)

(6)

2 16

(7) 650 nm

2. B

30
 1.

(1) A

(Vg) L

(Q) L/min

(T) min

(C0) mg/L

(min)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

(mg/L)
t/T

C(ppm)

C/C0

31
 (2) B

(Vg) L

(Q) L/min

(T) min

(C0) mg/L

(min)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

(mg/L)
t/T

C(ppm)

C/C0

32
2.

A.

(1)(t) C t/T C/C0

C0 w V

(2) C t

(3) C/C0 t/T

B.

(1) A

(2)

33

(Free and Forced Convection)

ConductionConvection

(Heat exchanger

(Natural convection)(Free convection)

(Forced

convection )

(Dimensional

analysis)(Dimensionless

group)

34
 h Cp k

L g T

h= f (Cp kL g T)

= [ML-3]

= [ML-1 t-1]

Cp = [L2t-2T-1]

k = [MLt-3T-1]

= [T-1]

L = [L]

g = [Lt-2]

T =[T]

Buckingham theory

Pr = Cp/k (Prandtl number)

Nu = hL / k (Nusselt number)

Gr =gp2L3 T /2 (Grashof number)

Nu= f (GrPr) Rayleigh number Ra Gr

Pr

35
 Ra = Gr Pr = gp2L3 T Cp /k ,

Nu Nu=(Ra) =a(Ra)n a n

h p

Cp k L

h= f (Cp kL u Deq)

Nu =(Re Pr L/ Deq)

Nu = h Deq /k Re = uDeq /Pr = Cp/k.

Nu RePrL/ Deq Gr

Nu =(Re Pr L/ DeqGr)

2 h

36
( a A

Q h

Q = hA (Th -Ta) Th- Ta

h = Q / A (Th -Ta)

Laminar flow 104 <Gr<109

h = 1.42 [(Th -Ta)/L]1/4 (W/m2 K)

L L = / 2

Turbulent flow 109 <Gr<1012

h = 1.31 [(Th -Ta)]1/3 (W/m2 K)

( b

Th u A

Q (

Q=hA(Th -Ta)

37
 x

Laminar flow (Loca1 heat

transfer coefficient

Nux = 0.332Pr1/3Rex1/2

Nux = hxx/k , Rex =ux / x = L

hL

h = 2hL ,

NusseIt number

Laminar flow Re < 2 105 0.6 < Pr < 10

Nu = 0.664(Re)1/2(Pr)1/3

Turbulent now Re > 2 105Nu = 0,036(Re)0.8(Pr)0.43

( c

38
 Q

Q = hAh(Th -Ta)+ hAf(Tfav-Ta)

Ah Af

Tfav Tf1Tf2 Tf3

h = Q/[Ah(Th -Ta)+ Af(Tfav-Ta)]

( d

Eff

Eff =(Tfav-Ta)/ (Th -Ta)*100%.

39


( a
40
1

4 Ta

5
60W

Th

6 2 .0 m/s

Th2

7 (fin)

8 4 6 T1T2

T3

9 (pin) 4 6

T1T2T3

( b

41


Ta =

P = W

Heater temp
Air velocity, m/s
Th ()

2.0

42
 (Finned plate)

Ta = 1= mm

P = W 2= mm

3= mm

Heater temp Temperture ()

Air velocity, m/s
Th ()
T1 T2 T3

2.0

43
 (Pinned plate)

Ta = 1= mm

P = W 2= mm

3= mm

Heater temp Temperture ()

Air velocity, m/s
Th ()
T1 T2 T3

2.0

44
( c

2 (

(Finned plate)

3 (

(Pinned plate)

4 Finned plate Pinned plate

45


2(overall heat transfer

coefficient)

46


1.

Qh( kcal/hr)

Qh = MsCph (Thi Ts) + s + Cpc (Ts Tho)

Qh = Ms s

Ms : kg/hr

Cph : kcal/Kg-

Cpc : kcal/Kg-

Thi :

Tho :

s : kcal/Kg

47
 Qc (kcal/hr)

Qc = Mc CpcTco - Tci

Mc : kg/hr

Cpc : kcal/Kg-

Tci :

Tco :

Qloss = Qh Qc

Qc = Qh Qloss = UoAoTlm

Uo = Do/hiDi + Do/hdiDi + xDo/kDlm + 1/hdo + 1/ho-1

Do,Di m

ho,hi kcal/m2hr

Tlm

Dlm m

48
 hdi,hdo kcal/m2hr

k kcal/mhr

x m

2.

Qh = mhCph(Thi Tho)

Qc = mcCpc(Tco- Tci)

= ( / ) 100

Tlm = (T1 - T2) / ln(T1 / T2)

laminar flow(Re<2100)

hiDi/k = 1.86Re1/3 Pr1/3 (Di / L)1/3 ( /w )0.14

Pr Prandtl number = Cp/k

(/ms)

49
L

turbulent flow

Nu=hiDi/k = 0.023Re0.8 Pr 0.33 [1+(Di/L)0.7]( /w )0.14

laminar flow turbulent flow jh

jh = (hi/CpG) (Cp/k)2/3/( /w )0.14

(Tw) Ri

Ri = Ao(Th-Two) / Qh

Ao (m2)

Two ()

Ri (m2 hr/Kcal)

(Two-Tc)/(1/ho) = (Th-Two) / Ri

Ri

50
Ri = (Do / hiDi+Do / hdi Di+xDo / kDlm)

51


52
(a)

(b)
53


1 A

1 V10(Cold stream)

V11

2 V1V3

(60 ) V12 V4

3V5V7 V6V8

4 V12 2L/min v11

2L/min V9(Hot stream)

5 Thi,Thout,Tci,Tcout,Tmid, Thmid

6 2L/min 4L/min

Thi,Thout,Tci,Tcout,Tmid, Thmid 2

7 4L/min 4L/min

54
2. B

1 V10 V11

2 V1V3

V12 V4

3 V6V8 V5V7

4 2L/min 2L/min

5 Thi,Thout,Tci,Tcout,Tmid,Thmid

6 2L/min 4L/min

7 4L/min 4L/min

3. C 45 A

4. D 45 B

55


auto

menu set

1.14 mm 16 mm

180 cm

38.7 mm 42.7 mm

56
 A

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

2 2 4

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4 2 8

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4
4 4
6

57
 8

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

2 2 4

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4 2 8

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

58
 Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4 4 8

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

2 2 4

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

6
4 2
8

10

59
 12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4 4 8

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

2 2 4

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

4 2 4

60
 6

10

12

(L/min)
() ()

Thi Thmid Thout Tci Tcmid Tcout

10

12

3.

(1)

(2)

(3) log(hi) log(Re)

(4) log(Nu) log(Re)

4.

61
(1)

(2)

62

(Frame and Plate Filter)

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

(Filtration)

a
b
c
d
e
f

63


64
3

(Ruth)

Poiseulle Law

()

dV/Adt = (1/)(P/R)

V(m3)

A(m2)

t(s)

(Kg/ms)

P(Pc)

(Pm)(N/m2)

65
 R(1/m)

R Rc Rm

R = Rc + Rm = mc/A + Rm

(m/Kg)

mc(Kg) C

mc = VC

Rm

dt/dV = (/AP)[(mc/A) + Rm]

= (/AP)[(CV/A) + Rm]

P t

t = 0V = 0 P =Pm

66
 (dt/dV)0 = Rm/(AP) = 1/q0

dt/dV = KpV + 1/q0

Kp = C /(A2P) =

t/V = (Kp/2)V + 1/q0

t/V V

Rm

67
 P1
t/V

(s/m3)
P2 P3

P4

P5

V (m3)
(2ARm)/(C )

68
4.

P c P

P m P c

P P

P P

(P)n

n: 0.2~0.8 :

(n=0)

log = n log (P)+ log

log log (P) n

69


1. 250*250*30 mm5 1/2 11

pp

2. (P2)

(P) 200 mm

70


1. A

(1)

(2) 0.1 wt% 80

(3)

(4)

(5) V-2

V-2 P 0.4 atm

(6) V-3

(7)

80

(8) 1~6

(9)

71
2. B

0.6 A (1)(8)

3. C

72


1.

: (wt%)

: (atm)

: (m2)

: (kg)

3 6 9 12
(min)

(cm)

(liter)

t/V

log(P)

log(Rm)

73
 B

: (wt%)

: (atm)

: (m2)

: (kg)

3 6 9 12
(min)

(cm)

(liter)

t/V

log(P)

log(Rm)

74
 C

: (atm)

: (m2)

3 6 9 12
(min)

(cm)

(liter)

t/V

log(P)

log(Rm)

2.

(1) t/V V Rm

(2) log(Rm) log(P) Rm P

75
(3) log() log(P) P

76

(Power Requirement of Agitation)

1.

2.

3.

4.

( Purpose of agitation )

1.

2.

3.

4.

77
 5.(jacket)

6.

7.

( Flow patterns in agitated vessel )

( Longitudinal )

( Vortex)()(laminar-

flow circulation)

78


( Prevention of swirling )

(baffles )

79
)

( )

80


4 4 16

6 8

81


1.

(1) ( N ,r. p .s ) (2)

( D ,m ) (3) ( , kg / m3 ) (4)

( , kg / m . s ) (5) ( g , m/ s2 )

( P , J / s w )

P=f Na Db cd g e (1)

( 1 ) a, b, c, d, e, f

M L T

( 1 )

M.L2 1 a b
M c M d L e
= ( ) (L) ( ) ( ) ( 2)
T3 T L3 L. T T

82
(2)(2)

P ND2 N2D
=f ( , ) (3)
N3D5 u g

P
(Power number, Po)(drag force)
N D5
3

(inertial force)

2
(Reynolds number ,Re)(shear

stress)(viscous stress)

N2D
(Froude number, Fr)
g

(gravitational force)

2. (shape factor)(3)

Po=f (Re , Fr , S1 , S2 , Sn) .(4)

(power correlations for specific

impellers )(4)

S1=Da / DtS2=E/ DaS3=L/

83
DaS4=W/ DaS5=J/ DtS6=H/ Dt(baffle)

(pitch)

(significance of dimensionless group)(3)

uz

2 ()
Re = = (5)

Reynolds

Po ( friction factor )

( drag coefficient )

( drag force ) ( inertial force )

84
 ( flow of momentum )

( bulk motion )

Froude Fr

(1)

(Unbaffled tanks)( 300)

Fr

(4)

Po
= (ReS1S2.Sn ) (6)
Frm

85
(6) m

a-log10Re
m= (7)
b

a b ()() a b

()()() Po

Frm

(7) a b

a b

() D 1.0 40.0

() B 1.7 18.0

() C 0 18.0

() D 2.3 18.0

(effect of system geometry) (4)

S1S
2..Sn Po

S1

S2 S3

86
Reynolds

1. S1

Po Po

S1 S5

1
4 S5= S5
12

Po

2. S2 ()

S2 Po S2

Po S2 Po

3. S4,

Po

S4 Po S41.55

4.

Po 1.9
87
 2.4

5. Po

0.75

(Calculation of

power consumption)(4) Po

PoN3D5
P= (8)
gc

Reynolds Po

Re -1

(4)

Po Re = = K1 = 1(S1S2..Sn) (9)
2 3

1 2 3
P= (10)

88
(9)(10) Re 1.0

Reynolds 10,000

Reynolds Fr

(4)

Po=Kt= (S1S2..Sn) (11)

3 5
P= (12)

Kt K1 ()

89


(9)(11) K1 Kt

K1 Kt

(square pitch,
41.5 0.32
)

(pitch of 2 ) 43.5 1.00

() 71.0 6.30

() 70.0 4.80

() 70.0 1.65

() 36.5 1.70

() 97.5 1.08

(
172.5 1.12
)

* J.H. Rushton, Ind.Eng.Chem.,44:2931(1952).

90
TYPE A

1
1.DC HP 0-1800 RPM
2

2.0~500g

3.0~2000W

4. A. W60L90mm2 /1

W60L70mm2 /1

W60L45mm2 /1

W40L90mm2 /1

W40L70mm2 /1

W40L45mm2 /1

W20L90mm2 /1

W20L70mm2 /1

W20L45mm2 /1

B.FLOW PATTERN FROM PROPELLER

C.FLOW PATTERN WZTH TURBINE

5. 300H450mm

6.

7.

91


1.

(rpm)

2. 30cm

3.

10cm 1

4. ON

5.

6. 5

7. 3~6

8. 3~7

9. 2~8

10. OFF

92


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

93


()

H2O
____________ H______________m
________Kg/m3
________Kg/m.s
(A)______________ Da ____________m
(B)______________ Da ____________m
(1)

(rpm) (A) (B)

300

450

600

750

900

(2)

(rpm) (A) (B)

300

450

600

94
 750

900

________________
H3 ________________m
________________Kg/m3
________________Kg/m. s
(A)______________ Da ____________m
(B)______________ Da ____________m
(1)

(rpm) (A) (B)

300

450

600

750

900

(2)

(rpm) (A) (B)

300

450

95
 600

750

900

()

1. log Po Re Po Re

2. Re

1.

2.

3.Po=const

4.(P)

5.

6.

7. Re FLOW

96
 8. Re Po

9.

10.

11.(Non-Newtonian Fluid)

(Newtonian Fluid)

1. Ernest E. hudwig Applied process design for chemical and

petroomhemical plants Volume 1

2. Holland Liquid mixing and processing in STirred

Tanks Lever Brothers company New YorkNY

3. Warren L. McCabe and Julian C. Smith Unit Operations of

chemical Engineering (1956)

4. Christie J. Geankoplis second Edition Transport process and

Unit Operations P1669-P171,Allyn and Bacon

INC.1983.

97


2.1.

B2-1

percolate

98
expanded

bed

homogeneously fluidized bed

particulately fluidized bed

channelling

aggregative fluidized bed

heterogeneously fluidized bed

99


B2-1

2.2.(umf)

B2-2

100
 B2-2

B-

1 Ergun

, :

P (1 m ) 2 u0 1 m f u0
2

g c 150 1.75 3
L m3 ( s d p ) 2 m ( s d p )
(B2-1)

25 s

sphericity

s
(B2-2)

s 1 s 0 1

(S d p )
B2-1

dp
d p

1
dp
x
i ( d ) i
p
(B2-3)
d pi
xi

s d p s d p dp dp

B2-1 -P

101
 f gh / g c

sphericity

um f
B2-2

mf
m

mf
(P) max

drag force

g
(P) At ( At Lmf )(1 mf )[( p f ) ]
gc
(B2-4)
Lm f
At

P g
(1 mf )( p f )
Lmf gc
(B2-5)
um f
B2-5 B2-1

102
 1.75 d pumf f 2 150(1 mf ) d pumf f d 3p f ( p f ) g
( ) ( )
s mf
3
2 3
s mf 2
(B2-6)
d pumf f
Re mf
Remf s

mf

correlation

1 1 mf
14, 11
s mf
3
s2 mf
3
(B2-7)

B2-6

d 3p f ( p f ) g
Re mf [(33.7) 0.0408 ]1 / 2 33.7
2
(B2-8)
mf
34 s

um f
B2-6 B2-6

d 3p f ( p f ) g
Ga
C1 Re 2mf C2 Re mf Ga 0 2
( ) (B2-9)
C1
C 2 Ga Galileo Number

dp
0.010.3 in1985

p.267

Re mf ((28.65)2 0.027Ga )1 / 2 28.65

(B2.10)
103
Chen PeiCan. J. Chem Eng.vol.62p.4641984

Voidage mf

s2 mf
2

E mf 0.5 for G a 2
(1 mf )
0.54G a 2 G a 2 10 4
-0.11

0.8 G a 2 10 4 (B2-11)

Re mf Ga
( ) Ga 2
mf 300
0.0037Ga 0.88 2 Ga 2 10 4
Ga
(85.7) 2 85.7 Ga 2 10 4
4.86 (B2-12)
mf um f

um f

B2-

AC mf mf
3

C AC

104
 B2-3 Re

D2-5

P g
(1 f )( p f )
Lf gc
(B2-13)
Lf f

W
f 1
p L f At
(B2-14)

Zaki

uf
nf
ui (B2-15)

105
 u f superficial velocity ui

n ui uo

log u0 log ui d p / d t
(B2-16)

u0 ui
d p / dt

um f mf
B2-15

log( u mf / u 0 )
n
log mf
(B2-17)

n 4.6 2.3 Ga

n 4.6 20d p / d t 0 Ga 3.6

n (4.8 20d p / d t )Ga 0.03 3.6 Ga 21
n (5.5 23d p / d t )Ga 0.075 21 Ga 2.4 10 4
n 5.5Ga 0.075 2.4 10 4 Ga 8.3 10 4
n 2.4 Ga 8.3 10 4 (B2-18)

B2-15

B2-15

2.3.ut

106
 4 gd p ( p f )
ut ( )1 / 2
3 f C d
(B2-19)
d p ut t
Re p
Cd drag coefficient
2
Cd Re p Re p B2-4

g ( p f )d p2
ut
18 Re p 0.4
(B2-20)
4( p f ) 2 g 2
ut [ ]1/ 3 d p
225 f 0.4 Re p 500
(B2-21)
3.1g ( p f )d p
ut [ ]1 / 2
f 500 Re p 2 105
(B2-22)

B2-4

107


ut

um f ut / um f
90 9

B2-5

B2-5 Ga

d 3p g f ( p f )
Ga
2

108


B2-6

B2-6

109


4.1.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.a.

b.

7.

8.

110
 111
4.2.

1.

2. Re

3.

4.

4.4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

112


5.1.

5.2.

sif possible

vs.

vs.

vs.

113


5.3.

1.-Pvs. Re or
114
2. vs. Re or

3.

4. B2-15 n

115
5.4.

um f
1.

2.-Pvs. Re vs. Re

3. ut

4.

5.

6.

d p / dt
7. n

8.

mf
s
um f
9.

10.

11.

116

(Mixing & Dispersion)
:

() (ultrasonicator) :

20,000

20,000

()

()

117


() (microemulsion) :

Hoar Schulman

(surfactant) (cosurfactant)

()

1~100 (nanometer)

(light scattering)

(oil in water, O/W )

/ (water in oil, W/O )

118


1~100

. /

() - (sol-gel method) :

1~100

1 -

119
 25oC~60oC

Si-OR

Si-OH-

R-OH (esterification)

Si-OR Si-OH Si-OH Si-OR

Si-OR Si-OH Si-O-Si

(hydrolysis):

120
 (alcohol condensation, alcoxolation):

(water condensation, oxolation):

(net reaction):

121
 :

() :

(tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS)

(ammonium hydroxide29.3%) (deionized water)

(cyclohexane) (n-hexanol) (Triton X-100)

(ethanol200-proof)

() :

- (sol-gel method)

(microemulsion method)

75 3 9.5 (Triton

X-100)3.5 0.85 10

24 70

(10,000 rpm) 20

50 5

(10,000 rpm) 20

122
()

(1) (dynamic light scattering)

n(r,t) (fluctuation)

(density fluctuation) (concentration fluctuation)

(dilute

solution)

(diffusion

Stokes-Einstein Equation
coefficient)

PDI (polydispersity index)

D = kBT/3d

kB1.38 x 10-16 erg/K

TK

poise, 1 poise = 1 g /cms = 100 cp

dcm

0.1 wt% / 5

123
 :

()

()




(ml) (ml)
(ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) (nm)

124
 :

()

() pH

()

()

()

1. S.A. Johnson, P.J. Ollivier, T.E. Mallouk, Science 283 (1999) 963.

2. F.J. Arriagada, K. Osseo-Asare, Journal of Colloid and Interface

Science 211 (1999) 210.

3. Min, W. L.; Jiang, B.; Jiang, P. Nanotechnology, 19 (2008) 475604.

4. H. Yang, P. Jiang, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 352 (2010)

558.

125