CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter provide a review of literature and studies organized to

support the gaps, limitation and reason of the issues and problems as presented
in the study. The literature and studies are organized and categorized to
broaden insight of the study.

In recent years one of the major challenges facing educators has been
providing education programs to assist young people to gain the knowledge,
skills and understanding they need to optimise their sexual health. For many
years sexual Intercourse focused on the human reproductive system and
argued sexual abtinence of young people.

According to Gourlay(1994) argued that it is essential for educators to

realistically acknowledge that young people are sexual being, and that their
sexuality will interibly find expression, not only in how they act, but also in how
they think and feel. Ample evidence exist demonstrate that young people are
sexual beings from a very early age, and that increasingly they are becoming
sexually active from early in their adolescence. In national survey of Australian
secondary school students, by year 10, the majority were found to be sexually
active in some way. Eighty percent (80%) participated in deep kissing, 67% had
genital contact, 45.5% gare or received oral sex and 25% had experience sexual
Intercourse (smith, agius et al., 2003). In the United Kingdom a population based
on survey found that 30% of young men of young women aged 16 to 19 reported
their first heterosexual Intercourse occuring before age 16(starkman, 2002).
 Those involved in teaching sexual health programs need to have a
number of personal qualities if they are able to work effectively in this area
(Bowden, 2003).

Any sexual health programs which ignores the gendered sexual

positioning of men and women puts both young men and young women at a
disadvantage (Hiller et al., 1999) has stressed of the importance of challenging
the nation that female sexuality is passive and male sexuality active (for example
men penetrate, women are penetrate) in sexual intercourse.

Those opposing sexuality Intercourse have accused it on undermining

family values and promoting inappropriate sexual behavior, and argue that
young people should be taught that celibacy is preferable until after marriage
(noted in Gourley, 1995).

According to Fine(1998)argues that to promote the development of

sexual responsibility among young people, anti-sex rhetoric should be avoided.
She suggested that young people are entitiled to a discussion of desire rather
than being exposed to anti-sex rhetoric, which may be remote from their own
feeling and may alienate them from what is being taught. (Hillier, harrison et al.,
1998) also take, this position, arguing that in curriculum, sex for pleasure should
to sit along side sex from for reproduction as a valid reason for engaging in sex.

Students evaluated in intervention program more positively and their

knowledge of sexual Intercourse(wight, 2002).

Another study that investigated sexuality Intercourse program that

included promition and distribution of condoms as a major component of the
curriculum, found that this did not lead to an increase of in sexuality activity
among adolescents(selles, McGraw et al., 1994).
 Based on the study ages between 16-19 years old physical and
emotional feeling and being exaggerated and causing young adult
men and women involve with this matter.

This study with this past 5 to 10 years are more helpful with
the study we conducted in the present and more essential in the
future. Thus, study can help find a culturally appropriate intervention
in to delay sexual initiation and prevent sexual behavior before
marriage in adolescence and young adult.

The results of the present study have both expiremetal and

theoritical implications for future research.

Finally, this study is a form of shared experience that can help

similar studies.