- PAPER REVIEW -

Title of Paper Distributed Flood Simulations with Coupling Gauge Observations and Radar-rainfall Estimates Published Date
Authors Dong-Sin Shih & Ming-Hsu Li & Ray-Shyan Wu 13 June 2007
Publisher Journal of Hydrological Engineering American Society of Civil Engineers
Abstract Abstract This study used a two-dimensional diffusion hydrodynamic model for the simulation of extreme flood events that occurred in the Shihmen reservoir watershed
from 1989 to 2001. The alternating direction explicit scheme (ADE) with various horizontal spacings from 120 to 240 m at an incremental interval of 40 m was conducted
for flood simulations. Spatial precipitation was provided by the gauge interpolations and weather radar rainfall estimate schemes. A case study, Typhoon Nari on
September 1618, 2001, was then performed using radar-derived rainfall with coupling two-dimensional diffusion hydrodynamic model in flood routing investigations.
Numerical results revealed acceptable agreement between the observed and simulated reservoir stage hydrographs. Results of 120 and 160 m spacing had similar values
on error indicators while the 160 m grids can greatly reduce computational time by 40% than that of 120 m grids. Precipitation is identified to be the main factor forcing
model result.
Keyword Distributed-parameter model, High-resolution precipitation . Radar-rainfall, Flood routing, Overland flow
Objective Simulate flood by comparing ground rainfall gauge and radar-railfall
Method
Discussion The effects of f 0 (Horton infiltration model parameter) and n f (Mannings Roughness Coefficient) with variation in spatial resolutions for 160 m160
m were studied next.
Compare the Ground rain gauge and radar-rainfall. Moreover, the radar-rainfall and ground observations from gauges are of different character:
gauge observations gave an almost point rainfall rate, while radar provided values corresponding to volume-averaged precipitation (Zawadzki 1975)
Consequently, estimating precipitation using only ground measurements could easily lead to underestimate during extreme events. The other reason
for the over estimate of radar-rainfall amounts was likely to be that airborne hydrometeors detected by the radar equipment, did not necessarily fall
to the ground.
Strenght Weakness

Important
References
Title of Paper Hydrology of Synthetic Turf Field : Modeling Approach with Field Data Published Date
Authors Michael R. Hudepohl, Steven G. Buchberger, Willam D. Shuster January 25th, 2016
Publisher Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Systems Engineering - ASCE
Abstract The hydrology of synthetic turf field (STF) drainage systems is poorly understood, which complicates their design. Field data are collected and used to parameterize computer
models simulating the hydrology of a synthetic turf sport field. A model was employed to simulate infiltration through the synthetic turf, into the subsoil matrix, and free
drainage into the perforated underdrains. The output from that model was routed using another model to simulate flow through the subsurface pipe drainage network to the
system outfall. The drainage model was calibrated with actual hydraulic parameters obtained from field substrate material measurements, observed rainfall hyetographs,
and measured discharge hydrographs for several storm events. Output from the calibrated STF drainage model closely matched the observed outlet hydrograph. Model
output was then applied to investigate whether the classic rational formula was an appropriate tool for predicting peak flows from synthetic turf fields. It was determined
that a single unique C factor in the rational framework could not adequately account for the more complex rainfall-runoff response of the synthetic turf drainage system.
The implications of this new hydrologic model of STF performance are discussed.

Keyword Synthetic turf fields; Rational method; HYDRUS; Storm Water Management Model (SWMM).
Objective To reduce the risk of saturating the subsurface.
To improve understanding of the flow dynamics in a synthetic turf drainage system during a storm event.
To develop a computer model of the rainfall-runoff process at Synthetics Turf Field (STF)
To monitor the hydraulics performance of an operational STF over range of actual storm event and use these field data to calibrate and verify the
rainfall-ranoff model
Use this calibrated model to develop design aids for STFs.
Secondary objective was to determine if the rational method can accurately predict peak runoff rates at STFs.
Method Measures and observe storm were simulated to calibrate and verify the model.
Simulate the rainfall into turf and track migrating.
The model use 2D modelling for subfurface flow by using HYDRUS software
Subdrain conveyance : 2 dimensional flux output from HYDRUS become uniform lateral inflow to Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)
Location of study : Norther Kentucky University Soccer Field and rainfall data collected during fall season 2012 (Sep 26 th, 2012, Oct 26th, 2012 and Nov
12th, 2012). Rainfall intensities recorded every 5 minutes.
Discussion The resulting flux balance can be written : i r k q w , where ( i ) = rainfall intensity, ( r ) = surface runoff per unit catchment area (CA), ( k ) =
recharge of the native soil per unit CA, ( q ) = discharge change from drainage pipe system per unit CA, ( w ) = rate of change of storage in the system
per unit CA.

Strenght Weakness
- C (runoff coef.) cannot directly applied in this model
Important AKRF. (2011). Effectiveness of fieldturf artificial turf for management of stormwater. Pittsburgh.
References Hilten, R. N., Lawrence, T. M., and Tollner, E. W. (2008). Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D. J. Hydrol., 358(34), 288293.
Hudepohl, M. R. (2014). Modeling stormwater runoff from synthetic turf fields using HYDRUS and SWMM. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati.
Schwartz, S. S. (2010). Effective curve number and hydrologic design of pervious concrete storm-water systems. J. Hydrol. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-
5584.0000140, 465474.
Title of Paper Hydraulic Modeling of Flash Flood In Sanaa Published Date
Authors Tatiana H. Papakos and Kristi Root 2010
Publisher World Environmental and Water Resouces Congress 2010 - ASCE
Abstract Flash floods, the most common type of flooding in Yemen, have killed many people in Sanaa (the capital of Yemen) in the past decade. A natural disaster risk evaluation,
funded by the World Bank, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Reconstruction was conducted in Sanaa to identify the main sources of losses from natural disasters such
as floods and landslides and to develop an analysis of flood risk exposure and financial response capacity for the city.
Climate change and the rapid urban development of Sanaa has led to an increase in flood hazards for two main reasons, changes in land use, and the increased presence of
people and buildings in flood prone areas. The major stormwater channel in Sanaa, which runs through the middle of the city and next to the old historic city, also serves as
a major transportation route. When a flash flood occurs, the stormwater channel is suddenly flooded causing vehicles to be trapped and sometimes swept away, putting lives
at risk. No mechanism is currently in place to prevent vehicles or people from using the channel during extreme flood events.
Comprehensive hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of the Sanaa Basin was conducted to support a flood hazard analysis that quantifies the extent and depth of flooding
throughout the flood prone areas for a range of flood frequency events. The hydraulic analysis was performed to create water surface profiles and develop floodplains for
extreme events within the city of Sanaa. HEC-RAS was used to model the hydraulic response of the stream network to frequency flows. The HEC-GeoRAS tool was used to
expedite parameter input and mapping processes.
Significant challenges were addressed during the modeling process due to the lack of accurate digital elevation data, few historical flood data, and major changes in the land
use from rapid urbanization. The floodplains were mapped along the major stormwater channel identifying the flood hazard areas in Sanaa during extreme events. This
information will be used to calculate infrastructure and economic losses, identify mitigation projects and develop a flood warning system for flash floods in Sanaa.
Keyword -
Objective Flash flood caused by heavy rain in a short duration.
Limited spatial extent
The Sanaa city built in floodplain area.
Analyze the flood hazard in Sanaa City
Method Hydraulics Model developed by HEC-RAS
Channel and overbank information supplied from GIS Using HEC-GeoRAS for pre-processing and post-processing result to creates floodplain
mapping
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) imported to HEC-GeoRAS to generate stream reaches, cross sections and roughness coefficient for major stream
network.
Model Calibration performed by estimated flood depths taken by photographs
Post processing from HEC-RAS imported to HEC-GeoRAS to get the flooding covered area.
Result and Difference between model and observation data is in the range -0,02 to 0,04 meter
Discussion Storm event simulated for 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year return periods.
Strength Weakness
This model can be a tool for identify the flood hazard and calculate the economic Limited data for calibrate the model
and infrastructure losses. Lack of accurate digital elevation data
Major change of land use
Cross section only from DEM data, the accuration may be not represent of
existing condition
Important o Japan International Cooperation Agency, Earth System Science Co.,ltd. (JICA). 2007. The Study for the Water Resources Management and Rural Water Supply
References Improvement in the Republic of Yemen. Water Resources Management Action Plan for Sanaa Basin. Final Report. November.
o RMSI. 2009. Natural Disaster Risk Evaluation and Urban Planning: Technical Report: Probabilistic Hazard Analysis and Event Characterization. Sanaa, Republic of
Yemen. Prepared by RMSI, Rayman Engineering, and Tetra Tech. August.
o USACE. 2005. HEC-GeoRAS GIS Tools for support of HEC-RAS using ArcGIS Users Manual, Version 4. CPD-83. Hydrologic Engineering Center. Author: Cameron T.
Ackerman. Davis, CA.
o USACE. 2008. HEC-RAS River Analysis System User's Manual, Version 4.0, CPD-68. Author: Gary W. Brunner. Hydrologic Engineering Center. Davis, CA.

Title of Paper Response of Hyfrologic Process to Future Climate Change in the Yangtze River Basin Published Date
Authors Qin Ju, Zhongbo Yu, Zhenchun Hao, Gengxing Ou and Zhiyong Wu December 18th, 2012 (online)
Publisher Journal of Hydrologic Engineering - ASCE DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000770.
Abstract Recent climate changes have observable impacts on hydrologic processes and will further affect hydrologic systems in the future. The temperature and precipitation modeled
with eight global circulation models (GCMs) (selected from 22 GCMs published in the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) under three
typical emission scenarios entitled A1B, A2, and B1 were evaluated in this study for future projections in the Yangtze River Basin, China. The artificial neural network model
was used to assess the evolutional trend of hydrologic processes (e.g., streamflow) and the possibility of extreme floods in the Yangtze River Basin by using data generated by
selected GCMs under future climate changes. The results indicate that the future annual streamflow tends to decrease in the Yangtze River Basin. The future average annual
flow is reduced by 500 m3=s compared with that of the historic record (19512005) observed at Yichang Hydrologic Station of the Middle Yangtze River, and the percentage
of dry years increases by 46.8%. However, at Datong Hydrologic Station of the Lower Yangtze River, the average annual flow is reduced by 210 m3=s compared to the historic
record and the percentage of normal year increases up to 75.5%. Extreme floods are divided into three categories of catastrophic, great, and large floods. The results show that
large floods are most likely to occur in the future, whereas the likelihood of extreme floods is the minimum under the B1 scenario. In the three decades of the 2020s, 2050s,
and 2080s, the likelihood of extreme floods at Yichang and Datong Hydrologic Stations tends to increase; the likelihood of extreme floods at Yichang Hydrologic Station is
much greater than that of the Datong Hydrologic Station. Variability in the quantity of water in these areas will pose a greater challenge to the integrated deployment and
management of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin.
Keyword Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment; Back-propagation model; Climate change; Hydrologic processes; Extreme floods.
Objective
Method
Discussion
Strenght Weakness
o o
Important
References