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DESIGN OF TRUSS

USING STAAD PRO


CONTENT :
Objective
Introduction
Collected Data
Loads calculation
Results
For further Scope
INTRODUCTION :

TRUSSES
What is a truss.?
A Framework ,typically consisting
of rafter , posts,
and struts , supporting a roof ,
bridge or other structure.
A truss is a structure comprising one or more
triangular units constructed with straight members
whose ends are connected at joints refer to as
nodes.
Members are commonly wooden struct or metal
bars
Joint connections are formed by bolting or
welding the ends.
Different types of trusses
Why are triangles used in trusses?
Rectangles and squares are not very strong because the middle of each
side would tend to bend or buckle easily. And these are not used in truss.

A truss is a structure made up of triangles . Triangles are strong because


when you define the length of the three sides the relationship between the
nodes is fixed. Similarly when you identify any two angles of a side or two
sides and a common angle all other properties are fixed. In any other shape
there are more degrees of rigidity required to create a fixed structure.

Triangles have sides that reinforce each other. They divide up the load.
Truss Members
The members which from the outline or perimeter of a truss are
generally called the chord members.

There are two chord members -


01. Top Chord: Top members
02. Bottom Chord: Bottom members
Web Members The interior members connecting the joints of
the chords are called the web members.
There are two members-
01. Diagonal members
02. Vertical members
Truss members :
Distribution of loads :
The top beams in a truss are called top chords
and are generally in compression.

The bottom beams are called bottom chords


and are generally in tension.
Application of trusses-
Roof of factory shade.
Ware house
Railway platform
Garage shed
transmission towers
Crane truss
Bridge Truss
Sport Stadium Truss
SPARTAK STADIUM - RUSSIA
Moses Mabhida Stadium ANZ STADIUM - AUSTRALIA
- South Africa.
POAND TORUN BRIDGE
TOKYO GATE BRIDGE
CRANE TRUSS
some pictures of trusses:

PRATT TRUSS FINK TRUSS


OBJECTIVE :
In the design & analysis of industrial shed, the type of
truss used in shed is decided based on Importance of
Structure, type of loads and purpose of shed.
The design we have considered the mechanical
engineering workshop of college VIGNAN INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE which is FINK FAN
TRUSS.
The main aim is designing of two types of truss for the
same configuration i.e , span length of truss, spacing of
truss & length of shed.
MECHANICAL SHED OF OUR COLLEGE WHICH IS FINK FAN TRUSS
Collected data :

Spacing of truss =4.921m


Span length = 22.310m
Height of shed upto crown=7.5m
Length of shed =68.89m
Location of shed - VITS, mechanical workshop.
Terain condition - Hilly area.
Roofing type AC sheet
CALCULATION OF LOADS :

DEAD LOAD

LIVE LOAD

WIND LOAD
(OR)
SESMIC LOAD
DIFFERENT CODES USED FOR CALCULATING
DIFFERENT LOADS
DEAD LOAD - code (IS 875-1987 PART-1)

LIVE LOAD - code (IS 875-1987 PART-2)

WIND LOAD - code (IS 875-1987 PART-3)

SNOW LOAD - code (IS 875-1987 PART-4)

SESMIC LOAD - code (IS 1893-1984)

SPECIAL LOADS and LOAD COMBINATIONS - code


(IS 875-1987 PART-5)
DEAD LOAD :
A constant load in a structure (as a bridge, building, or machine)
that is due to the weight of the members.

It is also know as SELF WEIGHT.

Dead load is obtained from the code (IS 875-1987 PART-1)


As per code (IS 875-1987 PART-1)

Dead load of ac sheeting = 0.17 KN/M2


For fixing = 0.025 KN/M2
As followed according to code we get dead load on each nodal point
dead load on nodal point = 1.37KN (at intermediates)
= .0685 KN (at ends).
LIVE LOAD :
Weight of everything superimposed on, or temporarily attached
to, a structure (people, machinery and equipment, furniture,
appliances, etc).

Live load is obtained from the code (IS 875-1987 PART-2).

Live load obtained after calculating according to code is


0.552 KN.
WIND LOAD :

WIND means motion of air in the atmosphere.

Wind is caused by air flowing from high pressure to


low pressure.

The response of the structure to wind depends on


the characteristics of the wind.
Wind load is obtained from the code (IS
875-1987 PART-3).

DESIGN WIND SPEED :


(Vz)=Vb.K1.K2.K3
where, Vb Basic wind speed (m/s).
K1 Risk coefficient
K2 Terrain height and structure
size factor
k3 Topography factor
Vb Basic wind speed (m/s)= 44 m/s
According to code by substituting required values we get :
Design wind speed (Vz) = 48.97 m/s .

Design wind pressure (Pz) = 0.6(Vz)


= 1.439 KN/M.

Calculation of wind load on individual members :


F=(Cpe-Cpi)A*Pd

where , Cpe external pressure coefficient.


Cpi - internal pressure coefficient.
Pd design wind pressure.
A Surface area of structural unit.
Where
Area = 6.53 m
Cpi = 0.5
Assuming permeability of wind 5-20% of wall area.

Cpe :

= 0 = 90
Wind ward leeward Wind ward lee ward
10 -1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6

13.56 -0.92 -0.4 -0.764 -0.6

-0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6


20
FORCES obtained by substituting values along
respective directions we get :

At intermediate nodes :
Wind angle Wind ward Lee ward
0 -13.34KN -8.50KN
90 -11.84 KN -10.33 KN

At end nodes :
Wind angle Wind ward Lee ward
0 -6.67KN -4.25KN
90 -5.92 KN -5.16KN
RESULT

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