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A Natural-Herbal methionine
M ethionine (abbreviated as Met or M) is an -aminoacid with the
chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2SCH3. This essential amino
acid is classified as nonpolar. Together with cystein, methionine is one of
two sulfur-containing proteinogenic amino acids. Its derivative S-
adenosyl methionine (SAM) serves as a methyl donor. Methionine is an
intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteine, carnitine, taurine, lecithine,
and other phospholipids. Improper conversion of methionine can lead to
atherosclerosis.
Methionine is required for
It assists in the breakdown of fats and thereby prevents the build-up of
fat in the arteries, as well as assisting with the digestive system and
removing heavy metals from the body since it can be converted to
cysteine, which is a precursor to glutathione, which is of prime
importance in detoxifying the liver.
The amino acid methionine is also a great antioxidant as the sulfur it
supplies inactivates free radicals.
It is also one of the three amino acids needed by the body to manufacture
creatine monohydrate, a compound essential for energy production and
muscle building.
Deficiency of methionine
Severe deficiency may manifest in dementia, while lesser deficiencies
may be known by symptoms like fatty liver, slow growth, weakness,
edema and skin lesions.
Methionine is required in the diet and thus is considered an
essential amino acid.
Methionine helps in the biochemical breakdown of fats in the
body; this action prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver.
The availability of methionine in the body may affect the
biochemical synthesis of the amino acids cystein and taurine.
Methionine also aids in the rapid detoxification of harmful
compounds such as lead and any other heavy metals which
may cause toxic side effects due to their presence in the body.
Methionine also actively reduces the onset of muscular
weakness.
Methionine is also believed to be beneficial for proper bone
formation.
Methionine has a powerful antioxidant action against free
radicals produced in the natural metabolic processes of the
body.
The amino acid methionine is also an excellent source for the
essential mineral sulfure, which quickly inactivates free
radicals produced in the body.
The amino acid is also required during the synthesis of nucleic
acids, collagen and different proteins found in almost every
cell- it is a constituent of many enzymes and proteins found in
different parts of the body.
Methionine is not synthesized in the body and is considered
to be an essential amino acid.
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Causes of Poor Feathering
The absence of feathers on birds can result from any of several causes
and can be separated into two groups: 1) those birds that cannot grow
feathers and 2) those birds that pull or break them off. Either situation
can be reversed by correcting the problem's cause.
The most common reason that feathers do not develop is a deficiency of
a critical protein constituent (amino acid) from the diet of the birds. The
feathers of birds contain high levels of a subunit of proteins called
"methionine." Methionine is one of only a few amino acids that contain
sulfur, and sulfur is a major constituent of feathers. If bird diets are
deficient in any single amino acid, it will most likely be methionine. An
adequate level of methionine is required in the diet and a deficiency
results in reduced growth and feather development. A methionine
deficient bird will tend to eat feathers in an attempt to satisfy a craving
for this amino acid. A bird may even pull them from its own body.
Few ingredients used in making poultry diets contain adequate amounts
of methionine, so manufactured methionine must be added to the dietary
mixture to ensure that the birds receive an adequate amount. All quality
poultry feeds are designed to contain adequate methionine and prevent
reduced body growth and feather development. However, if additional
grains (such as corn) are fed with the complete feed, then the amount of
methionine consumed by the bird can be inadequate for providing
growth and feather development. Feeding of additional grains with
complete poultry feeds is not recommended.
Pyruvate + SO4 NH3 -Ketobutyrate Propionyl
5 CoA
Cysteine Cystathionine
4
Cystathionase
Cystathionine -synthase (requires pyridoxal phosphate)
CH
CH33 group adenosine
donation 3
CH3 3
Methionine-S-CH
ATP
Hydroxy B12 N5-CH
CH3 THF
Figure 4. Metabolism of methionine and cysteine. THF is tetrahydrofolate.
In a study published in British Journal of
Nutrition (1985), Linda Saunderson reported
that l-methionine incorporates better into
different tissues like breast, leg, skin and brain
of broiler chicks as compared to dl-
methionine.
Linda Saunderson also reported that l-
methionine excretes significantly lesser (less
than 5 times) as compared to dl-methionine,
providing sustained bio-actibity
14C incorporation (per min per gm tissue)
dl-methionine l-methionine