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Overview
Dynamicsthe study of moving objects.
Angular velocity =
Angular acceleration =
Tangential acceleration =
Normal acceleration =
"=
#
=
2
(3.49 rads
= 4.06 rad
)
2$ 2 1.5 s ( )(
rad
2 )
!
4.06 rad
n= = 0.65 revolution
rad
! 2"
rev
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Dynamics 8-5a1
KinematicsProjectile Motion
s = s0 + v0t + 21 at 2
v = v0 + a0t
(
v2 = v20 + 2a0 s " s0 )
Example 1 (FEIM):
A projectile is launched at 180 m/s at a 30 incline. The launch point
is 150 m above the impact plane. Find the maximum height, flight
time, and range.
h" = v sin# + at = 0
max 0
% m(
sin#
'180 * 0.5
& s)
( )
t = $v =$ = 9.18 s
a
max 0
% m (
'$9.8 *
& s)
h = h + v t sin# + at
0 0
1
2
2
% m( % m(
h = 150 m + '180 *(9.18 s)(0.5) $ '9.8 *(9.18 s) = 563 m
max
& s ) & s )
2 ()
1
2 2
2
% m(
= 0 + '180 *(19.9 s)(0.866) = 3100 m
& s)
!
Dynamics 8-5b1
KinematicsProjectile Motion
Example 2 (FEIM):
A bomber flies horizontally at 275 km/h and an altitude of 3000 m. At
what viewing angle from the bomber to the target should the bomb be
dropped?
# m& 2
himpact = at =
1
2
2
()1
2 %"9.8 2 (t = "3000 m
$ s '
2himpact
t= = 24.7 s
g
# km &# m &# 1 hr &
%275 (%1000 (% ( = 76.39 m/s
$ hr '$ km '$ 3600 s '
# m&
( )
Rimpact = R0 + v0t = 0 + % 76.39 ( 24.7 s = 1887 m
$ s'
R 1887 m
) = arctan impact = arctan = 32.2
himpact 3000 m
One-dimension motion
Momentum
Impulse-Momentum Principle
m
(10 kg)(600 )
m"v s = 8.57 #105 N
! F= =
"t 0.007 s
!
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Dynamics 8-8a
Work & Energy
Work
Potential Energy
Gravity
Spring (linear)
! Fs = kx where the spring is
W = KE2 " KE1 = 21 m(v22 " v12 )
compressed a distance x
m +m
2
!
Dynamics 8-9a
Kinetics
Friction
Example (FEIM):
A snowmobile tows a sled with a weight of 3000 N. It accelerates up a
15 slope at 0.9 m/s2. The coefficient of friction between the sled and the
snow is 0.1. What is the tension in the tow rope?
Fslope = Frope " (Ffriction + Fgravity ) = maslope
Frope = Ffriction + Fgravity + maslope
= mg sin15 + mg cos15 + maslope
= (3000)(0.2588) + (3000 N)(0.1)(0.9659)
! " %
$ 3000 N '" m%
+$ '$0.9 2 '
$ 9.8 m '# s &
# s2 &
= 1342 N
!
Dynamics 8-9b1
Kinetics
Example (FEIM):
A 2500 kg truck skids with a deceleration of 5 m/s2. What is the
coefficient of sliding friction? What are the frictional forces and normal
reactions (per axle) at the tires?
There are three simultaneous equations for the movement of the mass,
the cylinder, and the relationship between the two:
mg " F = ma
Fr = I#
#r = a
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Dynamics 8-10a3
Rotation
Rearranging,
a
Fr = I
r
mC r 2a mC
F= = a
2r 2 2
! mC
mg " a = ma
2
!
m
a=g
m
m+ C
! 2
Solving for F,
mC mC m mmC
! F= a=g = g
2 " m % 2m + mC
2$m + C '
# 2 &
!
Dynamics 8-10b
Rotation
Centripetal Force
The force required to keep a body rotating about an axis.
Centrifugal Force
The reaction to centripetal force.
The centrifugal force, like any inertia force, should not be used in
free-body diagrams.
Example (FEIM):
A 2000 kg car travels 65 km/hr around a curve of radius 60 m.
What is the centripetal force?
65 km/hr = 18.06 m/s
2
" m%
(2000 kg)$18.06 '
m v2 # s&
Fc = = = 10900 N
r 60 m
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Dynamics 8-10c
Rotation
Banking Curves
Example (FEIM):
A 2000 kg car travels at 64 km/hr around a banked curve with a radius
of 150 m. What should the angle between the roadway and the
horizontal be so tire friction is not needed to prevent sliding?
Natural Frequency:
Solution:
kt
Natural frequency: "n =
I
Solution:
! x0 = 0.05 m
N N N N
k = k1 + k2 + k3 = 1750 +1750 + 4375 = 7875
! m m m m
N
7875
k m = 12.08 rad/s
"n = =
! m 54 kg
% rad (
v = x# = ($0.05 m)'12.08 * sin12.08t
& s )
= "0.604 m/s sin12.08t
a=
(
Fro ro " ri ) #a > 0
I + mro2 The yoyo is moving to the right while
! wrapping itself on the string. The
I + mri 2 solution for R gives the condition for
R = "F
I + mro2 no slip.
!
I + mr 2
F < mg o
I + mr 2
! i
!
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Dynamics 8-11a3
Review
Slip: R = mg
Solving these 3 equations lead to
F " mg
a=
m
Fri " mgro
=
I
!
The yoyo always moves to the right, but can rotate forward or backard
depending on the value for F.
!
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