Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ROOF PAINTING
Outdoor roofs
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This guide explains the general stress that is directed at roofs and the special characteristics of
different roofing materials, as well as providing pre-treatment and painting instructions for new
and maintenance painting of outdoor roofs. At the end of the guide you will find the technical
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WHY DO ROOFS NEED TO BE TREATED 4
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Why should you
treat your roofs
Environmental stress puts roofs through a lot. Rain, condensa- The vast temperature fluctuations of our climate put stress on
tion of moisture from the air and thaw water from snow can roofing materials. The sun's heat radiation can raise tempera-
make roofs wet. Together with air pollutants the moisture tures on dark roofs to 6070 C which in turn speeds up the
may cause corrosion in metal roof structures, and decay and aging of the roof. The effect of the sun's ultraviolet radiation
microbe growth on mineral-based roofs. is particularly high on rooftops. Mechanical stress like careless
snow removal can scratch the surface of the roof. Scratches
Impurities like sulphur and nitrogen oxides are particularly and other mechanical damages can also be caused during the
common in town and industrial air. These air pollutants can packaging and transportation or installation of roofing sheets.
travel long distances with the air flow. Acidic emissions from
local industrial plants can ruin roofing material. Salts that travel The objective of painting is to give the surface the desired look
in the air in areas located close to the sea are harmful as well. and protect the roofing material against the above-mentioned
stress, which prolongs the life of the roof. A good outcome
requires that the painting is done soon enough.
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Zinc-coated sheet steel
Zinc-coated sheet steel is the most common roofing material forms a tight layer that dissolves poorly in water and attaches
to be painted. The basic material is sheet steel that is coated tightly to the zinc surfacer, thus providing good protection
with a zinc layer of approximately 20 m (0.02 mm). The for the zinc surface and underlying steel.
zinc layer protects the underlying sheet steel in two ways: it
prevents the oxygen and moisture that cause rust from pen- These days, however, air pollutants shorten the life span
etrating through to the steel and provides so-called cathodic of zinc coating. Especially harmful impurities are sulphur
protection. Cathodic protection becomes important when compounds that turn the carbonate layer on top of the zinc
the zinc layer is damaged locally, for instance when the sur- into water soluble zinc salt. When rain washes the water
face is scratched or at the cutting seams. Even if the protected soluble salts away, corrosion continues. Therefore, zinc cor-
steel surface is exposed to environmental stress, it will not rust rodes a lot faster in city and industrial climates than in clean
because the zinc coating next to the damaged area will cor- countryside climates. In maritime climates, the salt found in
rode instead of the steel that is a more precious metal. Zinc's the air also corrodes zinc. The effect of maritime climates on
corrosive substances also precipitate quickly into a protective the destruction of the zinc layer is not, however, as strong as
layer on the steel surface. the effect of sulphur rich city and industrial climates. Painting
prolongs the life span of the zinc layer considerably in pol-
In a clean climate, alkaline zinc carbonate is formed as a result luted climates.
of oxygen, moisture and carbon dioxide. Zinc carbonate
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Pre-treatment before painting
A significant share of painting damage on zinc-coated sur-
faces is caused by insufficient or incorrect pre-treatment.
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Painting
Only special paints are suitable for painting zinc-coated sur- made easy by the fact that, as it is, it is suitable for use on top
faces. Tikkurila has developed two main methods for painting of old alkyd paints without the need of a primer. Panssari Akva
zinc surfaces. These methods are Panssarimaali and Panssari is also perfectly suited as it is for painting paint-coated, i.e.
Akva. In addition, a method where Lin Grafiittimaali paint is plastic-coated (PURAL, PVDF, PE, Akryl) roofings.
used for the top coat can be used for old traditional objects.
Lin Grafiittimaali which is a traditional paint product, is an
The Panssarimaali method includes the Rostex Super anti-cor- almost solvent-free, linseed oil-based graphite paint for paint-
rosion primer and Panssarimaali used for the top coat. Panssa- ing new and old sheet-metal roofs previously painted with
rimaali is a relatively widely used alkyd paint for metal-sheeted graphite paint. Unpainted zinc surfaces must be primed with
roofs. Priming using Rostex Super is always recommended Rostex Super. Before painting, Lin Grafiittimaali must be care-
when treating unpainted zinc surfaces and other bare metal fully mixed. Lin Grafiittimaali is not thinned before painting
surfaces. Rostex Super contains special binding agents that with a brush or roller. The paint is spread in one covering coat.
adhere well to zinc and other metal surfaces. The thickness of the paint layer should be at least 120m.
Excessively thick paint layers that dry extremely slowly and
Adhesion does not weaken under weathering action because wrinkle when drying should, however, be avoided. See the
the binding agent is water-resistant and endures the stress guide Old-style paints, instructions exterior painting.
caused by possible zinc salts well. Rostex Super comes in
light grey, red iron oxide, black and green. Usually one top It is recommended that roof surfaces are painted with a brush.
coat with Panssarimaali is sufficient when a suitable coloured Rollers should be avoided as a painting tool. A roller can
Rostex Super is used as a primer. only be used for spreading the paint, after which the surface
should be immediately evened out with a brush. There are
The Panssarimaali method is suitable when you want to use considerable differences between brushes that affect the out-
a soluble dye for maintenance painting of roofs. Undam- come significantly. We recommend Tikkurila's brush T6 (see
aged surfaces can be painted directly with Panssarimaali guide Painting tools for exterior use) for roof painting. The
after cleaning. Areas where the paint has peeled or is poorly problem with rolling is the uneven layer thickness it causes.
adhered should always be touched up with Rostex Super after
paint and rust removal.
Pretreatment
In the Panssari Akva method, water-thinnable Panssari Akva is 1. Remove any branches, leaves, etc. that have collected on
used as the top coat and Rostex Super as the primer. Unpaint- the roof.
ed zinc surfaces must be primed with Rostex Super. Panssari 2. Remove possible rust and peeling paint with a wire-
Akva is used for the top coat. brush, by scraping or sanding.
3. Protect windows and any flower beds located directly
Panssari Akva metal-sheeted roof paint is a brush or roller under the cornice from washing and paint splatter.
paint that can also be sprayed. Panssari Akva's biggest advan- 4. Dilute Panssaripesu: 1 part cleaning agent to 4 parts water.
tage compared to alkyd paints is good colour and gloss du- 5. Spread the cleaning agent on the surface to be cleaned
rability, which is based on Panssari Akva's binding agents. The and brush carefully.
modified acrylic binding agents that Panssari Akva contain are 6. Rinse thoroughly with clean, preferably hot water.
extremely durable against ultraviolet radiation. Panssari Akva N.b. Cleaning agent that has dried onto the surface is
characteristics also include an extremely low level of soil- removed by rinsing and using a brush.
ing caused by weathering action. The use of Panssari Akva is 7. Let the surface dry properly
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Zinc-coated roofing sheet
How to paint an unpainted zinced metal sheet roof
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How to paint an already painted zinc sheet- 2. Touch-up any areas from which rust has been removed or
metal roof where the metal is bare using Rostex Super.
If the old paint is seriously peeling, it is sign that the adhesion 3. Paint 1-2 coats using Panssari Akva.
of the old paint is bad throughout. In such a case it is sensible 4. Clean Panssari Akva tools with Pensselipesu or
to remove all of the old paint, in which case painting is carried water and soap.
out as described above. If there are several old paint layers or if
the total layer thickness of the old paint layers exceeds 250m, Painting with the Panssarimaali method
we recommend paint removal or replacing the roofing. If the earlier paint type used is an alkyd-based metal roof paint.
Unpainted sheet metal, surface Rust removal (wire brushing Rostex Super Panssari Akva
rusted. or sanding) and wash with
Panssaripesu.
Panssarimaali
Panssarimaali
Partly peeling alkyd paint Removal of peeling paint and Touch-up painting with Panssari Akva
coating, possible rust on the possible rust (scraping, wire Rostex Super
surface. brushing, sanding), wash with
Panssaripesu. Panssarimaali
Highly peeling alkyd paint coat- Removal of old paint (e.g. Rostex Super
ing, possible rust on surface. scraping, wire brushing, high
pressure washing) Wash with
Panssaripesu. Panssarimaali
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Paint coated
sheet steel
Coating types for sheet steel Maintenance painting of different coating surfaces
Paint-coated steel sheets have been used as roofing for over Before painting, check the coating type and its condition. You
30 years. The most commonly used type of sheet steel is hot- can find out the coating type from the supplier. Tikkurila Oy's
galvanised. The most commonly used coating has been PVC technical support service can also help you.
plastisol which is chemically softened polyvinyl dichloride or
PVC. Typical coating thickness is 200 m (0.2 mm). Plastisol is The condition of the coating and in particular adhesion to the
usually easy to recognise based on the stripe or letter pattern surface must be assessed carefully. If adhesion is not good
of the surface. Other typical characteristics of plastisol are soft- enough, maintenance painting will before long cause the
ness, flexibility and good corrosion protection. coating to peel off. Coating adhesion can be assessed with a
so-called X cut test, i.e. by making diagonal cuts through the
PVC plastisol has been replaced by a new coating type, coating with a sharp knife. If the coating can be removed with
so-called PURAL i.e. polyurethane coating. It is a "semi.thick" the tip of the knife at the cuts the adhesion is too weak.
coating (primer 20 m + top coat 30-35 m) that usually has a
structured surface. If the old coating is peeling or there is a lot of rust on the roof,
the best option is to replace the roofing sheets. The surface
Other coating types include organosol, akryl, PVDF and poly- that is to be maintenance painted should not have much
ester. Organosol has not been used for a long time. It tends to surface cracking which is a sign of a brittle coating. Surface
chalk heavily and the shades fade easily. The coating thick- cracking is easily visible with a 50x-strength magnifying glass.
ness is clearly thinner than for plastisol, approximately 50-80
m (0.05-0.08 mm). Other above-mentioned coatings are so Pretreatment
called thin film coatings with a thickness of 25-35 m (0.025- Pre-treatment of the surface is carried out with the same
0.035 mm). Thin film coatings have a relatively hard surface method and cleaning agent as for zinced surfaces.
and they are easy to tell apart from e.g. plastisol. Telling thin
film coatings apart can, however, be difficult. Painting
The dry and well-cleaned surface is painted 1-2 times with
Why do paint-coated sheets need maintenance Panssari Akva metal roof paint.
painting?
Under weather stress even paint-coated roofing sheets get The dry layer thickness of one coat is recommended to be
worn. Wearing is visible for instance as fading and gloss disap- approximately 50 m, which corresponds with a wet layer
pearance, as well as the surface becoming dirty and chalked. thickness of 125 m. If necessary the surface is primed with
Thin film coating can also become scratched during installa- Rostex Super. For more detail, see page 13.
tion or as a result of snow removal. This causes rusting in the
damaged areas. Timely maintenance painting prolongs the
life span of the roof. A rough estimate is that dark plastisol
coats should be maintenance painted after 10-15 years, light
coatings after 15-20 years and polyester coatings at least after
20 years.
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Adhesion of coating to surface Striped plastisol surface (on bottom) is easy to distinguish from thin film coatings (on top PVDF). Char-
checked with X cut test. acteristic of plastisol are "softness", flexibility and good corrosion protection.
> coating partially peeled off 1) Rostex Super 2) Panssari Akva 1-2 times
1) If coating is partially peeling, a decision must be made whether to maintenance paint the surface or replace the sheets.
2) Primer is only used on areas where the coating has peeled.
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Felt roofs
(bitumen cladding)
The elastic water-thinnable Kilpi roof coating has been developed
for bitumen cladding (roofing felt). Roofing felt is painted with
Kilpi roof coating to restore faded colour and make the roof look
even. Please note that Kilpi does not fix roofing felt that has holes
or is brittle.
Pre-treatment
The surface is brushed clean of any materials that come loose
like moss, lichen and loose rock material. If necessary, the sur-
face is washed with water,preferably using a pressure cleaner.
Let the surface dry properly Larger air bubbles and creases
in the felt are cut open with a knife and a roofing felt patch is
glued on the area to be repaired. Holes are fixed for instance
with rubberised bitumen putty.
Painting
Kilpi is mixed carefully before use. Priming is completed with
Kilpi roof coating thinned with approximately 15% water.
The top coat is painted the next day using unthinned Kilpi
roof coating. Kilpi roof coating is spread with a paint brush. If
a roller is used for spreading, the paint is evened out with a
painting brush. The tools are cleaned with water and soap or
with tool cleaner.
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Fibre cement
siding and
concrete block
roofs
As an effect of weather, fibre cement siding and concrete block roofs
become brittle and porous and loose their original colour. This means
that moss and lichen start growing on the roof in particular in the
vicinity of forest and deciduous trees. Maintenance painting helps
prolong the life span of the roofing material considerably. We do not,
however, recommend that old, porous and warped surfaces
are maintenance painted.
Pre-treatment
As a porous surface both roof types require priming before actual
painting. Both roof types are washed with a pressure cleaner
before priming. When washing, all organic materials like moss and
lichen are removed. When cleaning fibre cement siding, the roof
must be washed at low pressure in order to avoid the spreading
of possible asbestos fibres. Fibre cement siding should not be
dry-brushed or sanded due to possible asbestos content. The roof
is left to dry at least overnight before priming.
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General
information
on painting
conditions
You should not start painting if the risk of rain or dew
formation is high. At the time of painting, the relative hu-
midity can at most be 80%. When the relative humidity
increases and the temperature decreases, drying slows
down.
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Useful tips What do you need
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Technical information
and suitability
PRODUCT Panssari Akva PANSSARIMAALI
Taulukko
Top coat for Panssari Akva painting method. Top coat paint for the Panssarimaali painting
method.
SUITABILITY Suitable as it is for surfaces previously painted Suitable as it is for metal surfaces
with alkyd or acrylate paint and paint-coated previously painted with alkyd paints.
sheet steel surfaces (PVC, PURAL, POLYESTER,
AKRYL, PVDF) Unpainted zinc steel roofing and aluminum
and steel surfaces must be primed with Rostex
Unpainted zinc steel roofing and aluminum and Super primer.
steel surfaces must be primed with Rostex Super
primer. Aluminum surfaces must be roughened before
priming.
Aluminum surfaces must be roughened before
priming.
COVERAGE approx. 8 m/l. If sprayed, corresponds with ap- 8-12 m/l. One top coat is usually enough
prox. 100-125 m wet layer thickness. One top when the primer colour is suitable.
coat is usually enough when the primer colour
is suitable.
APPLICATION METHOD Brushing (brush T6), spraying. Brushing (brush T6), spraying, rolling.
It is recommended that profiled roof surfaces After rolling, the surface must always be evened
are spray painted. with a brush.
Drying time 1-3 hours. Ready for second coat in 24 hours. Surface dry in 3-5 hours.
at +23C (50% relative air humidity)
Drying becomes slower when the relative It is recommended that the top coat is painted
humidity increases and the temperature the following day.
decreases.
COLOURS Metal roof paints colour chart. Metal roof paints colour chart.
A majority of the colours in the Wooden Facades A majority of the colours in the Wooden
and Facade colour cards and the colours in ac- Facades and Facade colour cards.
cordance with Ruukki colour cards.
CAN SIZES A and C basic paint: 0.9 l, 2.7 l, 9 l and 18 l A and C basic paint: 0.9 l, 2.7 l, 9 l and 18 l
Standard colours: 1 l, 3 l, 10 l and 20 l
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KILPI ROOF COATING LIN GRAFIITTIMAALI ROSTEX SUPER
Roof coating with modified acrylate disper- Linseed oil-based graphite paint. Quickly drying anti-corrosive primer.
sion as a binding agent.
Extremely flexible also in temperatures below Paint equipment class 45.6 (RT classifica- Paint equipment class 12.1 and 12.2 (RT classifica-
zero. tion). tion).
Taulukko
Painting tools group 39.3 (construction tech-
nique classification).
Felt roofing (bitumen cladding), concrete Painting of old and new metal roofs. Priming of metal and zinc surfaces in objects
brick, bitumen and fibre cement plate roof as that are exposed to high stress or require fast
well as rust-free metal-sheeted roof painted Priming of bare metal surfaces with Rostex drying times. Also for roughened aluminum
with bitumen paint. Super anticorrosion primer. surfaces.
Prime fibre cements plates and concrete brick Touch-up bare metal surfaces with Rostex
surfaces with Akvacoat Lacquer. Super during maintenance painting before
applying a top coat of Panssari Akva or Pans-
sarimaali.
Spread twice which usually means the cover- 4-5 m/l. One coat is enough. n. 10 m/l. One coat (40 m dry layer).
age for bitumen cladding is 2-4 l/m
approx. 50 % 95 % approx. 45 %
Can take the stress of rain and dew within 4-7 days depending in conditions. Top coat painting with Panssarimaali possible
1-2 hours. within a few hours.
Top coat can be applied the following day. With water-thinnable paints, top coat painting
recommendation the next day at the earliest.
Drying becomes slower when the relative
humidity increases and the temperature
decreases.
C basic paint can be tinted with the colours of graphite grey light grey, red iron oxide,
Peltokattomaalit, Wooden Facades and Facade black and green
colour cards.
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ROOF PAINTING
EXTERNAL ROOF SURFACES
441 724
PUBLICATION
*6408070021361* 790818MESKATT/2009
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