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Brown to black nonscaly macules on the palms & soles hard, dark brown to black gritty nodules on scalp hair, Soft, white, yellowish, beige or greenish nodules on hair patchy lesions/scaling of varying pigmentation fawn
~melanomas beard, moustache, axillary/pubic hairs shafts colored liver spots on the chest, trunk, abdomen
soft mycelial mat around facial & genital hair, hair scalp
Found in soil Nature, normal skin flora
infects horse
VIA : Trauma to superficial layer of the skin
KOH MOUNTS KOH MOUNTS KOH MOUNT
Fungus : long strands of septae, dematiaceous hyphae nodules crushed to reveal asci (thick walled rhomboid intertwined hyaline septate hyphae Skin scraping
*may contain numerous chlamydospores cells with 8 ascopores) hyphae breaking up into oval/rectangular arthroconidia yellow fluorescence on woods lamp
2-4um diameter
DERMATOPHYTOSES Keratinophilic: grow on layers of hair, nails, skin (contain keratin) HOST REFERENCES:
immune response, inflammation, tissue damage, ring worms Host reaction to metabolic products of fungus 1. Zoophilic Adapted to living on animals
Genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, 2. Anthropophilic Adapted exclusively to human hosts
3. Geophilic Inhabits the soil
Tinea Barbae Tinea Capitis Tinea Corporis Tinea Cruris Tinea Favosa Tinea Imbricata Tinea manuum Tinea Pedis Tinea Unguium
Beard/ Barbers itch Head/scalp Body glabrous skin Groin Head Body Hand feet Nails
T. mentagrophytes Gray patch T. rubrum, T. tonsurans E. floccosum T. schoenleinii, (distinctive lesion) T. mentagrophytes T. mentagrophytes
Farm workers M. auduinii/ M. canis M. canis, M. gypseum Circinate and T. violaceum T. rubrum T. rubrum
Inflammatory lesion Ectothrix infection in child Occl serpiginous lession cup shaped crusts, E. floccosum E. floccosum
Inflammatory ecothrix Anular leson on the skin inflammatory, prominent honey Athletes foot, mocassin foot Lateral/distal edges
T. mentagrophytes smooth parts of body vesicular, enlarging comb like masses itching, scaling, seeping skin of nail plate
Animal origin spreading, hemorrhagic margins lesion on the soles of the feet paroncychial
Black dot (endothrix infection) border VIA : clothing, linens, & cleft betweent the toes infection
T. tonsurans towels shared Thickened nail,
Kerions brittle with
T. tonsurans accumulation of
Fungating exophytic masses subungual keratinized
Favus (tnea favosa) debris
T. schoenleinii, T. violaceum
cup shaped crusts, prominent honey
comb like masses
COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED DERMATOPHYTES
EPIDERMOPHYTON MICROSPORUM
E. floccosum M. audouinii M. canis M. Ferugineum M. gypseum
Anthrophophilic Antropophilic Ectothrix infection of the hair Ectothrix, Tinea capitis Ectothrix, Tinea barbae
infects skin, nail Zoophilic Anthropophilic
most common cause of ringworms in cats and dogs WOODS LAMP
Hyphae: thick septa Doesnt fluoresce
CULTURE CULTURE CULTURE : Potato dextrose agar (bamboo)
Colonies: yellow to yellow green (olive drab) and quite Isolate: Chlamydoconidium like swellings Colonies: lemon-yellow Macroconidia : fusiform, thick walled, 6 cells
wrinkled/folded terminally on hyphae Macronconidia: spindle shaped, echinulate, thick walls, Distal area : thin, filamentous tail, longer than
Microconidia : none Favic chandeliers, pectinate bodies tapered/curved ends the rest of conidium
Macroconidia: smooth, thin walled, single/cluster Macroconidia : rare, bizaar (3-15 cells) ***hair baiting
Distal end: broad, spatulate/ club shaped (beavers tail) Doesnt grow on rice Microconidia : rare
***Grows on rice!!
TRICHOPHYTON
T. concentricum T. mentagrophytes T. rubrum T. schoenleinii T. tonsurans T. verrucosum T. violaceum
T. imbricata Athletes foot T. corporis, T. ingium, T. capitis T. favosa Tinea capitis (black dot) T. corporis, T. barbae, T. capitis T. favosa
anthropophilic Zoophilic, anthropophilic endothrix Favic chandelier and anthropophilic Found in cattle
skin Most commonly isolated anthropophilic chlamydospores VIA: fomites
dermatophyte
Infect: skin, hair, nails
CULTURE CULTURE CULTURE CULTURE CULTURE 35C CULTURE
Spiral hyphae Colonies: red, + brown mix Colonies: slow (30days) SDA Thiamine Colonies: violet/ purple and
Macroconidia: thin walled, Macroconidia: 3-8cell, Small, wrinkled, waxy Colonies: rust colored on the Macroconidia: thin walled, waxy
smooth, cigar shaped 4-5 cell cylindrical, pencil shaped reverse side string beans/ rat tails Thiamine: enhancer
Microconidia: globose to tear Microconidia: clavate, peg Thiamine microconidia: clavate, hyphae: swollen w/ granules
shaped (grape like) Macroconidia: teardrop peg teardrop
WOODS LAMP Microconidia: rare, balloon
5 DAY UREASE (+) Doesnt fluoresce WOODS LAMP
Doesnt fluoresce
HAIR PENETRATION TEST HAIR PENETRATION TEST
Perpendicular penetration peg Surface erosion