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Abstract:- The Indian Government has established 18 Biosphere reserves in India which protect larger areas of natural habitat and often include
one or more National parks. Seshachalam hills, the first Biosphere Reserve in Andhra Pradesh, is located in southern Eastern Ghats of Chittoor
and Kadapa districts. It is the richest floristic hot spot harboring many endemic and rare plants. Five Gecko species were recorded in this reserve,
out of that the Golden Gecko Calodactylodes aureus are rare and endemic species in the biosphere reserve.12 species of lizards and 22 species of
snakes are found Seshachalam Biosphere. The protection of habitat is an important aspect in the conservation of such species.
The biospheres are sites where protection is granted to the flora and fauna of the protected region. Each biosphere reserve is intended
to fulfil 3 basic functions such as conservative, development and logistic functions. The Wildlife is a potential source of useful products of
global interest. Wildlife is natures gift and its decline has an adverse effect on ecology and hence there is an urgent need to protect the Wildlife.
An awareness should be developed among the general public about the proper management and the necessity of conservation of natural
ecosystem and wild Communities of plants and animals they contain. To ensure this certain legal steps are to be taken up by the Government to
regulate the exploitation of Wildlife.
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
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Islands understand the patterns and processes of functioning of
ecosystems; to monitor the natural and human caused
Deccan changes on spatial and temporal scales.
199 Gaur, Royal Bengal
8 Simlipal Odisha Peninsul
4 Tiger, Wild elephant
a
East
Development: To promote, at the local level,
199 Dibru-
9 Assam Himalay Golden Langur economic development which is culturally, socially and
7 Saikhowa
as ecologically sustainable . To develop the strategies leading
Eastern
199 Arunachal to impartment and management of natural resources.
10 Dihang-Dibang Himalay NA
8 Pradesh
a
199
Pachmarhi
Madhya Semi- Giant Squirrel, Flying
Logistics Support: To provide support for
11 Biosphere
9 Pradesh Arid Squirrel research, monitoring, education and information exchange
Reserve
East related to local, national and global issues of conservation
200 Khangchendzo Snow Leopard, Red
12
0 nga
Sikkim Himalay
Panda and development.
as
Agasthyamalai
200 Kerala, Ta Western Sharing of knowledge generated by research
13 Biosphere NilgiriTahr, Elephants
1 mil Nadu ghats
Reserve through site specific training and education and
Madhya development of community spirit in the management of
200 Achanakamar - Pradesh, Maikala
14
5 Amarkantak Chhattisgar Hills
NA natural resources.
h
200 Great Rann of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve
15 Gujarat Desert Indian Wild Ass
8 Kutch
200 Himachal
Western Seshachalam hills, the first Biosphere Reserve in
16 Cold Desert Himalay Snow Leopard
9 Pradesh
as
Andhra Pradesh, is located in southern Eastern Ghats of
201 Seshachalam Andhra Eastern
Chittoor and Kadapa districts. It is spread over 4755.99 Km.
17 NA
0 Hills Pradesh Ghats It is the richest floristic hot spot harboring many endemic
Tiger, Chital, and rare plants. The Seshachalam Hill ranges of the eastern
201 Madhya Ken
18
1
Panna
Pradesh River
Chinkara, Sambharand
ghats lie between 1338 and 1355 N latitudes and 7907
Sloth bear
and 7924 E longitudes and spread over two districts -
Chittoor and Kadapa of Southern Andhra Pradesh. Around
Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat is the largest 50% of the area of the biosphere reserve falls in the reserve
biosphere reserve in India. whileDibrusaikhowa is the forests of Chittoor East (WL), WLM Tirupati, WL
smallest.Seshachalam hills is the latest (2010) entry in to the Rajampet, Proddatur (WL) and Kadapa Divisions. As
list of biosphere reserve ,while Nilgiri biosphere reserve is special effort, both the Union and State governments have
the first entry (1986)in the list. declared habitats to conserve the exclusive species in
particular areas. The Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve
Functions of biosphere reserve
(SLBR), designated recently in 2011, is located in
Each biosphere reserve is intended to fulfil three Seshachalam hills ranges of Eastern Ghats in Southern
basic functions, which are complementary and mutually Andhra Pradesh. The reserve intends to enhance the efforts
reinforcing of conseve.
Conservation function: To contribute to the The reserve aims to support the conservation of
conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic species in situ by supporting economic and social
variation development. It is home to a number of endemic species
including the famous Red Sanders and Slender Loris. Being
Development function: To foster economic and close to the pilgrim areas of Tirupati, the reserve also has a
human development which is socio culturally and number of temples and holy places to visit. The hilly terrain
ecologically sustainable offers some spectacular trekking opportunities too. Many
scientific studies have been and are being conducted in the
Logistic function: To provide support for research,
reserve.
monitoring, education and information exchange related to
local, national and global issues of conservation and
development(UNESCO, 2005).
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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Out of the total seed bearing plants enumerated in
the area, eleven species viz., Shoreatumbaggala
(Dipterocarpaceae), Boswelliaovalifoliolata(Burseraceae),
Indigoferabarberi, Pterocarpussantalinus,
Rhynchosisabeddomeiand Sophorainterrupta (Fabaceae),
Terminaliapallida (Combretaceae), Syzygiumalternifolium
(Myrtaceae), Pimpinellatirupatiensis (Aplaceae),
Pimpinellatirupatiensis (Apiaceae), Leucasindicavar,
Nagalapuramiana (Lamiaceae) and one gymnosperm
cycasbeddomel (Cycadaceae) represented endemic to the
reserve.
Medicinal values:
Flora
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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Fauna broad in the region of the zygomatic arch; hence the head of
this cat appears relatively rounder (Heptner et al., 1992)
The faunal composition represents the Deccan
Peninsular zone of bio-geographic classification of India. Greater Mouse-deer: The Greater mouse-deer is solitary
The great diversity of geo-morphology and vegetation give and nocturnal. It uses small trails through thick brush in the
rise to multitude of habitats that support rich wildlife. forest. When the male is ready to mate, he rubs a large gland
on his lower jaw against the female to determine whether
The wildlife belonging to schedule 1 2 3 & 4 occur
she is ready to mate. If she is not ready, she responds by
in the area. The forests of the reserve harbor certain highly
walking away. The male is very territorial, marking his
endangered wildlife species, like Slender Loris, Indian Giant
territory with feces, urine and secretions from the
squirrel, Mouse deer, Golden Gecko, etc. Tigers, leopard
intermandibular gland under the chin. When angry, the male
Elephants , Slothbear, Indian wolf , wild boar, chinkara,
will beat the ground with his hooves at a rate of four times
Four-horned antelope, chital and sambar, Ibex, pig, Bonnet
per second. They are rather trusting but delicate animals.
monkey, Mongoose, Wild dogs Black, Bison, Jackal, Fox,
They feed on fallen fruits, aquatic plants, buds, leaves,
Civetcat, Junglecat, Lizards are some of other animals
shrubs and grasses.
commonly found roaming in this area.More than 150 species
of birds are reported from this area. Pangolins, Pythons, Pea Golden Geckos: The Golden Geckos are distributed
fowls, Jungle Fowl, Partridges, Quail, Crested Serpent throughout the world and belong to the family Gekkonidae
Eagle, Ashy Crowned Finch Lark, Indian Roller, under the Genus Calodactylodes. The Genus Calodactylodes
Kingfishers and White Bellied Woodpecker etc. are consists of two species namely, Indian Golden Gecko,
common. It is estimated that 137 species of birds are found Calodactylodes aureus (Beddome, 1870) and Sri Lankan
in Seshachalam Forests.Yellow throated Bulbul, an Golden Gecko, Calodactylodes Illingworth rum
endangered bird species, is found to exist in forests of (Deraniyagala, 1953). The Indian Golden Gecko was
Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve. discovered byBeddome, 1870 and Boulenger, 1890 and it
wasrediscoverd after 115 years in Tirupati Hills, Chittoor
Jungle cat:The jungle cat is a large, long-legged cat; it is, in
District, Andhra Pradesh by Daniel and Bhusan (1985).
fact, the largest of the extant Felis species (Hunter
2015).The head-andbody length is typically between 59 and The Indian Golden Gecko is a protected species
76 centimetres (23 and 30 in). This cat stands nearly 36 and included under Schedule I (partII) of IWPA, 1972 and
centimetres (14 in) at shoulder and weighs 216 kilograms had long been considered rare and poorly studied. The
(4.435.3 lb) (Burnie and Wilson 2001 &Kingdom et Golden Gecko inhabits rocky area with deep stream valleys
al.,2013). A study showed that body (Mukherjee & Groves and has been found to occur at an elevations between 50 to
2007). Size showed a decrease from west (Israel) to east 1000 meters. Present study reports current status along with
(India); this was attributed to greater competition from small its conservation, ecology, threats and recent distribution
cats in the east; body size shows a similar decrease from the patterns in Eastern Ghats. The study was designed to throw
northern latitudes toward the tropics. Sexually dimorphic, light on (i) present status and population of Indian Golden
females tend to be smaller and lighter than males. The face Gecko and (ii) recent threat and distribution of Indian
is long and narrow, with a white muzzle. The large, pointed Golden Gecko in Eastern Ghats.
ears, 4.58 centimetres (1.83.1 in) in length and reddish
The Golden Gecko is active and in good number
brown on the back, are set close together; a small tuft of
nearby deep stream valleys and rocky area. It always
black hairs, nearly 15 millimetres (0.59 in) long, emerges
runs/skips to hide in between the rocks. Sometimes it enters
from the tip of both ears. The eyes have yellow irides and
between the rocks and makes it difcult to locate its
elliptical pupils; white lines can be seen around the eye.
presence. The Gecko found to lay eggs attached on the
Dark lines run from the corner of the eyes down the sides of
vertical and horizontal roof of caves and rock boulders.
the nose and a dark patch marks the nose (Burnie and
During the survey we recorded 42 egg deposition sites at
Wilson 2001; Kingdom et al., 2013; Sunquist, M
different localities.
andSunquist 2002; Smithet.,al 2010). The skull is fairly
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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Indian pythan Kaloual
Leopard Elephant
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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Mongoose Jackal
Management plans to conserve wildlife in Seshachalam: Biodiversity conservation is mostly based on in situ
conservation and this involves the protection of wildlife
Habitat destruction
habitats. Among the goals of wildlife conservation are to
Some of the activities that are causing a destruction ensure that nature will be around for future generations to
of habitat of flora and fauna are Destruction of forest land enjoy and to recognize the importance of wildlife and
for agriculture and other purposes large tracts of forest land wilderness lands to humans. Many nations have government
have been cleaned up for monoculture plantationslike agencies dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to
eucalyptus. This has led to the destruction of species that implement policies designed to protect wildlife. The science
were dependent on the forest. This has adversely affected of extinction is called Dirology.
several species dependent on large tracts of scrub. The
Conclusion:
classic example is Great Indian Bustard (Sutirtha Dutta et
al.,2013). The sensitivity of reserve resources for various
anthropogenic pressures deserve attention of various
Mining operations: Clearing out of large areas of
stakeholder groups.Further, the reserve being a resent
land will cause destruction to the species dependent on
creation,there are opportunities to design
them. An example is the Kudremukh Iron Ore Company
researches,developmental activities and management on par
Limited which mined iron ore within the boundaries of the
with contemporary happenings at international
protected Kudremukh National Park. Due to the loss of
level.Optimum afforestation could help to stop degradation
habitat, more and more species of fauna have started to
of environment and biodiversity,making the country a safe
venture into human habitation causing a conflict between
habitat for all. It is for the youths to take up this challenge to
humans and fauna. Hence measures have to be taken for
conserve the flora and fauna of protected areas and prevent
prevention of destruction of habitat.
science of extinction of wildlife i.eDirology.Seshachalam
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting Biosphere Reserve, with its unique values and representative
endangered plant and animal species and their habitats
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 361 368
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features, has potential of becoming a model Biosphere strategies . European journal of Wild life Research.57; 615-
Reserve to fulfil various functions of a reserve. 625.
[16] Varadaraju (2014). Status Survey of Indian Golden Gecko,
Calodactylodes Aureus (Beddome, 1870) in Eastern ghats,
INDIA. Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-3) : 443-452.
References:
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