68047

STRAIGHT PIPES UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE

EFFECT OF BORE ECCENTRICITY ON MAXIMUM STRESS

1. NOTATION

D outside diameter of pipe m in

d bore of pipe m in

fe maximum circumferential stress in pipe with eccentric bore N/m2 lbf/in2

f0 maximum circumferential stress in pipe with concentric bore, N/m2 lbf/in2

2 2
D + d
p --------------------
2 2
D d

p uniform internal pressure N/m2 lbf/in2

t min minimum thickness of pipe wall m in

t nom nominal thickness of pipe wall, (D d) / 2 m in

Both British and SI units are quoted but any coherent system of units may be used.

2. NOTES

The ratio fe/f0 is plotted against d/D for various values of tmin/tnom. The curves are applicable to long straight
unrestrained pipes of elastic material, and they are valid for (tnom tmin)/d up to 0.25.

Provided that (tnom tmin)/d is not greater than 0.25 the maximum stress developed under internal pressure
is the circumferential stress in the inner fibre at the thinnest section of the wall.

Approximate values of fe are given by the equations

2 2
D + ( D 2tmin )
fe p ------------------------------------------- (2.1)
2 2
D ( D 2tmin )

2 2
( d + 2tmin ) + d
and fe p ---------------------------------------- . (2.2)
2 2
( d + 2tmin ) d

Equation (2.1) is accurate to within 5 per cent provided that either ( tnom tmin )/d < 0.025 or that
tmin /tnom > 0.933 . A better result will be obtained from Equation (2.2) which is accurate to within 5 per
cent provided that either ( tnom tmin )/d < 0.2 or that tmin /t nom > 0.6 .

Issued November 1968

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Further data on the effect of geometrical inaccuracies on the maximum stresses in cylindrical pipes under
internal pressure may be located by reference to the Engineering Sciences Data Index.

3. DERIVATION

1. JEFFREY, G.B. Plane stress and plane strain in bipolar co-ordinates. Phil. Trans R.
Soc., Series A, Vol. 221, pp. 265-293, 1920.

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3.4

3.2 D tmin
d tnom

0.3
tmin
3.0
tnom

2.8

2.6

2.4

0.4

fe 2.2
fo tnom tmin
= 0.25
d

2.0

0.5

1.8

1.6 0.6

1.4
0.7

0.8
1.2

0.9

1.0
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 d 0.6 0.8 1.0
D

FIGURE 1

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THE PREPARATION OF THIS DATA ITEM

The work on this Item was monitored and guided by the Stress Analysis and Strength of Components
Committee which has the following constitution.

Chairman
Mr H.L. Cox National Physical Laboratory

Vice-Chairman
Mr G.P. Smedley Lloyd's Register of Shipping

Members
Prof. J.M. Alexander Imperial College of Science and Technology
Mr A.J. Batchelor Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Mr C.E. Day National Coal Board
Dr J.R. Dixon National Engineering Laboratory
Dr H. Fessler University of Nottingham
Mr N.E. Frost National Engineering Laboratory
Dr R.B. Heywood A. Macklow-Smith Ltd
Mr M.J. Kemper A.P.V. Company Ltd
Mr J. Spence University of Strathclyde
Mr J.V. Vint Davy and United Engineering Company Ltd.

The Item was accepted for inclusion in the Structures Sub-series by the Structures Committee which has
the following constitution.

Chairman
Prof. W.S. Hemp University of Oxford

Vice-Chairman
Mr F. Tyson Handley Page Ltd

Members
Mr H.L. Cox National Physical Laboratory
Mr K.H. Griffin College of Aeronautics
Mr N.F. Harpur British Aircraft Corporation (Filton) Ltd
Mr P.J. McKenzie Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd, Kingston
Dr G.G. Pope Royal Aircraft Establishment
Mr I.C. Taig British Aircraft Corporation (Preston) Ltd
Mr A.W. Torry Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd, Hatfield.

The Members of staff concerned were:

Mr A.G.R. Thomson Head of Mechanics of Solids Group

Mr M.E. Grayley Senior Engineer, Mechanics of Solids Group
Mr S.E. Dutton Mechanics of Solids Group.