This document summarizes the 12 main English tenses:
- Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous for present time references
- Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, and Past Perfect Continuous for past time references
- Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous for future time references.
For each tense, it provides the key uses and forms of the active and passive voice. Time expressions that commonly accompany each tense are also indicated.
This document summarizes the 12 main English tenses:
- Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous for present time references
- Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, and Past Perfect Continuous for past time references
- Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous for future time references.
For each tense, it provides the key uses and forms of the active and passive voice. Time expressions that commonly accompany each tense are also indicated.
This document summarizes the 12 main English tenses:
- Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous for present time references
- Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, and Past Perfect Continuous for past time references
- Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous for future time references.
For each tense, it provides the key uses and forms of the active and passive voice. Time expressions that commonly accompany each tense are also indicated.
PRESENT FUNCTIONS Habit, General Facts Ongoing event, Action arranged in Experience, emphasis on result, Emphasis on duration, action future, temporary action action started in the past and started in the past and has/hasn’t has/hasn’t finished yet. finished yet. ACTIVE (+) S+V / Vs-es (+) S+be+Ving (+)S+have/has+V3 (+)S+has/have+been+Ving (-) S+don’t/doesn’t+V1 (-) S+not+be+Ving (-) S+have/has+not+V3 (-)S+have/has+not+been+Ving (?)Do/Does+S+V1? (?) To-be+S+Ving? (?)Have/Has+S+V3? (?)Have/Has+S+been+Ving? PASSIVE (+) S+to-be+V3 (+)S+to be +being+V3 (+)S+has+been+V3 (+)S+have/has+been+being+V3 KEY / TIME Usually, always, often, every Now, today, at the moment, right - Since, for day, every time. now. PAST FUNCTIONS Action in the past Action going on at certain time in Action taking place before a Action taking place before a certain the past. certain time in the past, emphasis time in the past, emphasis on While: actions taking place on the on facts duration (sometimes same time.( Past cont. while past interchangeable with Past Perf.) Cont.) When/While: interrupted action in the past. (Past Cont., when Past simple) (Past simple, while Past Cont.) ACTIVE (+)S+V2 (+)S+was/were+Ving (+)S+had+V3 (+)S+had+been+Ving (-)S+didn’t+V1 (-)S+was/were+not+Ving (-)S+had+not+v3 (-)S+had+not+been+Ving (?)Did+S+V1? (?)Was/Were+S+Ving? (?)Had+S +V3? (?)Had+S+been+Ving? PASSIVE (+)S+was/were+V3 (+)S+was/were+being+V3 (+)S+had+been+V3 (+)S+had+been+being+V3 KEY / TIME Yesterday, last year, 2days ago Yesterday evening, last year in June, Before (+past simple) Since, for + before (+past simple) at 2 a.m. this morning FUTURE FUNCTIONS Instant decision, conditional Action going on at certain time in Action that will be finished at Event will continue up until a type 1, prediction the future. certain time in the future / before particular event or time in the another action in the fut. future. ACTIVE (+)S+will+V1 (+)S+will+be+Ving (+)S+will+have+V3 (+)S+will+have+been+Ving (-)S+will+not+V1 (-)S+will+not+be+Ving (-)S+will+not+have+V3 (-)S+will+not+have+been+Ving (?)Will+S+V1? (?)Will+S+be+Ving? (?)Will+S+have+V3? (?)Will+s+have+been+Ving PASSIVE (+)S+will+be+V3 (+)S+will+be+being+V3 (+)S+will+have+been+V3 (?)S+will+have+been+being+V3 KEY / TIME Tomorrow, next week. Tomorrow evening, next year in By the time (+simple present) For (+duration) + by the time September. By (adv. of time future) (+simple present) OR For (duration) + by (+adv. of time future)