1. Why and how the DREAMers were born in 2001?

As it is said in the book – “As factions within the movement were pulled in different directions,

the leadership of RIFA worked to maintain control and unity. Those efforts in the face of these

centrifugal forces only magnified tensions between the movement’s central leadership and the

multiple groups, factions, and activists making up the movement. These tensions exploded in

spring 2010 when DREAMers lost faith in RIFA’s capacities to represent their interests. This was

a cathartic moment that marked an important shift in the evolution of the immigrant rights

movement and the birth of the “DREAMer” as a fully autonomous political group.” (Nicholls 46)

The attack on September 11th. In addition to being the biggest attack ever against the United States,

he also had many consequences, several wars, and thousands of dead. According to official data

on September 11, 2001, fewer than 3,000 people, including terrorists, lost their lives. Liability fell

to Al Qaeda and the leader of that organization Osama bin Laden, who said, paradoxically for all

terrorist organizations, denied that he was behind a terrorist attack organization. There are many

different assumptions about the motives of the attack, saying that the terrorists reacted in that way

because of the American exploitation of the Arabian resources, the mixing of the country's policies,

the support of Israel and the anti-Islamist campaign.

The collapse of the twin tower has led to the development of many conspiracy theories, from those

who claim that the solitaire was demolished with the help of controlled explosions, to the most

extreme, pointing out that a video shot of a plane attack is false. However, what is certain, it is the

fact that many people were killed, and in the following years was followed by retaliation the United

States and its allies. The results of the 11/9 saw Islamic paints on their skin that the United States

took a very sharp stance, both in its backyard and abroad. Actually, this event has changed the

attitude of Americans to all immigrants. From the very beginning, obviously pre-organized and
planned-oriented migration crises, the question of the real purpose of joining American spaces in

such a short time, the millions of "masses" of immigrants from the Middle East and Africa, was

quite justified. Or not?

Nicholls wanted to explain the socio-political realities in the US as problematic to the movement,

especially as they ramped up after 9/11. Just at the moment when this movement was born. Date

of creation is not random, on the contrary. These are the moments when he is necessarily going to

be developed, although the need for such movement and date back to the 1980s. Most of the

professional analyzes of the motives of immigration "relocating" the population most often lay in

the context of primary economic reasons. When explaining the emergence of the movement and

analyzing the reasons for its emergence, Nicholls explains and cites the entire history of the need

for this movement back to the 1980's.

However, 2001 was a decisive one. During the time, it is easy to see that migrants passively receive

social transfers from the budget and have the impression that at their destinations in the US,

without any nervousness, they are totally cold in waiting for something. It is rational to ask the

question of how can they be that much passive and what most of them are waiting for instead of

accepting the offered jobs. Explanations that they need to be integrated beforehand don't hold

water, as possible integration would be the fastest by working activation. Then an attack on the

US occurs. Of course, they blamed immigrants. They start to lose their rights quickly after a long

struggle with them and their position in the US becomes very questionable. The very beginning of

the book explains the fact that Latina immigration and immigration reform are concepts that are

constantly intertwined with much larger political, economic, and social forces. Especially after the

attack in 2001.
2. Why did the DREAMers seek to become an independent group within the immigrant rights

movement?

The central concept of the movement that Nicholls describes is the "American dream". The group

of DREAMers is mostly made of young without citizenship, who fought for the right to education

and civil rights. DREAMers rely heavily on YouTube to forward messages to and from your

community. Sharing their stories on YouTube, often in the form of confession directly into the

camera, helped members of this group to identify and establish a common relationship with others

sharing similar experiences and perspectives. Relatively low levels of media circulation can

nevertheless provide social and cultural prerequisites for significant participation. However, the

specific nature of YouTube also meant that these video clips circulate outside a certain community,

which also acts as an important means of opening up to other groups.

Most Americans have never been interacting with someone who has no nationality to know it in

advance; so watching these videos often has the purpose of making themselves face for the first

time with the problem of immigration. Broadcasting these videos over YouTube has contributed

to their democratic struggle, even if DREAMers have lost some control over what has happened

to their work. The Immigration Movement in the United States is historically well organized with

a relative hierarchy. The movement aims at breaking ethnic or national boundaries, geographically

localized, retaining firm control over their messages, and relying on ethnic media.

With the DREAM movement, we have noticed the deviation from many such formalized

structures. It is the young people's movement; young people are connected to a nation and

geographic locations thanks to their ability to move through social media. DREAMers have

developed media production capacities, each participant can create and share video, and as a result,

there is extremely limited control over messages.

This less structured hierarchy enables the DREAMer network a huge flexibility in responding to

changing conditions, especially when the struggle moves from federal laws to a range of local and

state initiatives. The DREAMer Network enables them to spread knowledge from anywhere in any

place. Leaders naturally emerged but there was no fixed or hierarchical structure that could leave

local experiments and innovations. DREAMers benefited from training and support from many

institutionalized organizations for the protection of immigrant and workers' rights. Again, we need

a richer theoretical vocabulary to describe the different structures within participatory

organizations and how they respond to the challenges of network communication.

DREAMers have developed media production capacities, each participant can create and share

video, and as a result, there is extremely limited control over messages. This less structured

hierarchy enables the DREAMer network a tremendous flexibility in response to a change of

conditions especially when the struggle moves from federal laws to a range of local and state

initiatives. The DREAMer Network enables them to spread knowledge from anywhere in any

place. Leaders naturally emerged, but there was no fixed or hierarchical structure that could leave

local experiments and innovations. At the same time, DREAMers have benefited from training

and support from many institutionalized organizations for the protection of immigrant and workers'

rights. Again, we need a richer theoretical vocabulary to describe the different structures within

participatory organizations and how they respond to the challenges of network communication.
3. What new strategies and messages led to the emergence of the DREAMers as a leading group

within the immigrant rights movement?

The combined ideologies of universalism and racism-sexism are very powerful means of

maintaining the opposing tensions of the world system. This has the ultimate ambivalent use of

these ideologies by alleged opponents of the existing system, that is, anti-systemic movements.

DREAMers is a movement that transforms the system. At the same time, he is also the product of

the system. What kind of culture do make the movements? Within culture/concept, it is difficult

to see how anti-systemic movements could hijack another culture other than the culture of the

capitalist world economy. It is difficult to see how they can avoid the ideology of universalism and

racism-sexism by perceiving and expressing their attitudes.

Nevertheless, they have created institutions whose primary purpose is to socialize their members

and sympathizers in accordance with this new culture. But of course, it's hard to know what the

future culture is. We create our utopias based on what is known to us. We overwhelm the novelty

of what we advocate. At the end, at best, we act as detainees of the present reality, which allow

ourselves to dream a little. To dream.

DREAMers. The name dates from the beginning of the 21st century, when different immigrant

associations, led by young people, joined the national movement. The first joint action carried the

name "Dream united" and represented, as well as most of the later actions and activities of this

group, the effort to emerge from the national level at the international level. These are, in fact,

Americans who are absolutely American in every respect, except when it comes to their immigrant

status. In the majority of cases, they, when were children, came to America with some parents in

some illegal ways - with plane across Canada, and then smuggled into a truck over the border. Or

drive over half of South America and then, through the desert, under the leadership of the "coyote"
or Mexican smugglers of people and drugs, through some of the tunnels or across the river Rio

Grande. Many have lost family members and friends alongside. For most, it was about the impetus

for survival. They abandoned their native villages and towns by resorting to gangs of violence,

leaning against economic and political pressure, hoping to find a peaceful life in the country where

their work would be rewarded.

4. What important gains were achieved (Federal, State, local) as the result of their new strategies?

In the near past, Marx's ideas are described as "scientific socialism" - and that was the natural

consequence and the triumph of the idea of the Enlightenment in the World System after 1789.

The science was facing the future; she sought to achieve total truth through the advancement of

human abilities; His unlimited ambitions could serve as a warning to the profound connection of

such a science with the world system. But the anti-systemic thinkers in that regard saw only the

passing error, the tolerable irrationality condemned to extinction. But they still want to try.

This aspiration to science and assimilation, what I call the achievement of a liberal dream, was

deeply rooted in the consciousness and practice of world anti-systemic movements since their

appearance in the mid-nineteenth century until the Second World War. Since then, and especially

after the 1968 World Cultural Revolution, these movements, or even some of them, have begun to

question the appropriateness and justification of "science" and "assimilation" as social goals. This

doubt was expressed in various ways. Green and contra cultural movements have opened up the

issue of productivity inherited from the XIX century, from the time of science fusion. Many new

social movements (women, minorities) have shown open contempt for the demands of

assimilation. There is no need to list here all the ways that this attitude was expressed. And as well,

the immigrants wanted their rights. By choosing the right strategies, they try to get their rights in

a peaceful way but on the all levels - federal, local, state etc.

Once they are united in the movement, "The Dreamers" began with actions which primarily

educate public opinion. Under the slogan "We do not want to live in the shadow", these young

people came out in public, with their names and surnames, and by the deliberate use of social

media, through video clips, public performances etc., they wanted to share the story with the rest

of America. Parallel with this, the journalist education activities - DREAMers insisted that they
were not referred to in the media as "illegal" because it had a negative connotation for them. They

do nothing illegal, unlawful, on the contrary. They also struggled against descriptive alternatives

- people without paper. The controversial argument was that they had in minds but that's not all.

The last name that most of the DREAMers approved was "without status", in which the meaning

of immigrant status was spoken.

The strongest actions were directed at the Congress and the lobbying of each individual

representative. DREAMers have become such a strong movement in the meantime that there were

not only prominent politicians who supported them but also public figures, business leaders,

various liberal humanitarian groups and since they are in most cases successful young people,

there was also very important support from church organizations. During the Barack Obama

administration, whose one-of-a-kind promise was a long-awaited reform of the immigration

system, they were competent to work with experts and groups preparing a field for change.

However, after the health barely passed through the Congress and in a number of places welcomed

"on the knife", it became clear that the Obama administration would not have the strength for

another rooted operation.

Regardless of the hurricane season that is still on the American continent, the reactions of the

liberally-minded public were quick and fierce. Fifteen states, led by New York and Washington,

raised the deal, stating that this decision was unlawful, and it has just been reported that the same

thing was done by California, which was attended by three more states. The representatives of

Google, Facebook, and Apple also spoke publicly, where Apple CEO said that they currently

employ 250 of these young people and will, if necessary, bear the costs of their defense in court.

They may not have fundamentally altered the system, but in something they succeeded - they
broadened their idea globally and attracted public attention. In this way, they have created a

suitable platform for developing systemic problem-solving.