2016 EDISI GURU

Bahagian Pengurusan
Sekolah Berasrama
Penuh

SET I
Force and Motion
Forces and Pressure
Heat

SET II
Light
Waves
MODUL Radioactivity
PECUTAN
FIZIK
SET III

Electricity
Electromagnet

SET IV
Mengeksperimen

Disediakan Oleh
Nor Saidah Che Hassan TKC (Ketua Panel Penggubal)
● Haslina Ismail SEMASHUR ● Jennyta Noorbi SASER ● Kamariah Mohd Arshad MCKK ●
● Norliza Zainal SESMA ● Nor Rizah Bongkek STF ●
 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

Konsep Modul
Modul Pecutan disusun mengikut konstruk/kemahiran dan topik yang telah dikenalpasti dapat
membantu meningkatkan prestasi pelajar kumpulan sasaran. Guru/fasilitator diharapkan dapat
memberikan penekanan terhadap:
1. Kata Tugas,
2. Kemahiran Menjawab Mengikut Konstruk dan
3. Konsep mudah yang dianggap sukar oleh pelajar.
Adalah diharapkan, guru-guru seterusnya menggunakan soalan-soalan SPM atau Peperiksaan-
peperiksaan Percubaan SPM SBP tahun-tahun lepas yang berkaitan untuk memantapkan penguasaan
kemahiran/konsep pelajar bagi setiap Set dalam Modul Pecutan ini.

Sasaran Markah (Minimum)

1. Diharapkan boleh membantu pelajar kumpulan sasaran mendapat sekurang-kurangnya Gred C

(50 markah) Fizik SPM 2016.
2. Sasaran jumlah markah yang perlu dicapai oleh pelajar daripada setiap bahagian mengikut
pecahan kertas.
Markah Markah
Kertas Bentuk Soalan/Konstruk Markah Penuh
Sasaran Penuh

1 MCQ 50 50

Mengonsepsi Bahagian A (Soalan 5 dan 6) 10

Mengonsepsi Bahagian B 5
Penyelesaian masalah Kualitatif
10
2 (Pengubahsuaian) 100
Menganalisis (Membuat Keputusan) 10

Lain-lain 65

Mengeksperimen Soalan 1 16
3 Mengeksperimen Soalan 2 12 40
Mengeksperimen Soalan 3 12
Jumlah Skor 190

% Markah dan Sasaran Markah/Gred

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

Keterangan Modul

1. Modul dibahagikan mengikut SET berikut:

Peruntukan Waktu
SET Tajuk
Semasa Bengkel (jam)
Force and Motion
I Forces and Pressure 1
Heat
Light
II Waves 1
Radioactivity
Electricity
III 1
Electromagnet
IV Mengeksperimen 1

JUMLAH WAKTU SEMASA KEM PECUTAN SBP 4

2. Set I, II dan III adalah mengikut kumpulan topik Fizik yang merangkumi konstruk:
 Pengetahuan
 Mengkonsepsi,
 Membuat Keputusan,
 Penyelesaian Masalah Kualitatif/ Pengubahsuaian)
 Penyelesaian Masalah Kuantitatif/pengiraan
3. Fokus Set IV adalah kepada Kemahiran Mengeksperimen.

Kandungan Modul Edisi GURU

Mukasurat pada Mukasurat pada

Set Pekara / Tajuk/ Kemahiran
Edisi Guru (Jawapan) Edisi Pelajar (Soalan)

Forces and Pressure

I Force and Motion 4-8 3 - 16
Heat

Waves
II Light 9 - 15 16 - 29
Radioactivity

Electricity
III 16 - 19 29 - 38
Electromagnet

20 16
IV 38
Kemahiran (Saranan Untuk Guru) (Saranan Untuk Guru)
Mengeksperimen
21 - 24 17 - 20 39 - 54

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016
SET I
Force and Motion
Konsep Fizik
1. Speed is the rate of change of distance
Kelajuan ialah kadar perubahan jarak
2. Velocity is the rate of change of
displacement
Halaju ialah kadar perubahan sesaran
3. Acceleration is the rate of change of
velocity
Pecutan ialah kadar perubahan halaju
4. Deceleration is the rate of decreasing in
velocity
Nyahpecutan ialah kadar pengurangan
halaju
5. Inertia of an object is the tendency of the
object to remain its state of rest or
constant velocity motion in a straight line.
Inersia adalah sifat suatu objek untuk
mengekalkan keadaan asalnya samada
rehat atau bergerak dengan halaju malar
dalam garis lurus.
6. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that
every object continues in its state of rest or
uniform speed in a straight line unless
acted upon by an external force
Hukum Gerakan Newton Pertama
menyatakan setiap objek akan terus kekal
pegun atau bergerak dengan halaju
seragam dalam garis lurus jika tiada daya
luar ditindakkan ke atasnya.
7. Momentum is the multiplication of mass
and velocity.
Momentum ialah hasildarad jisim dengan
halaju.
8. Principle of Conservation of Momentum
states that the total momentum of a
system remains unchanged if no external
force acts on the system
Prinsip Keabadian Momentum
menyatakan bahawa jumlah momentum
satu sistem tidak berubah jika tiada daya
luar dikenakan ke atas sistem itu.
9. Force is defined as anything that changes
the state of rest or motion of an object
moving in a straight line
Daya ditakrifkan sebagai suatu yang
boleh mengubah keadaan rehat atau
BPSBP 2016
gerakan satu objek yang bergerak
dalam garis lurus.
10. Impulse is defined as the change of
momentum.
Impuls ditakrifkan sebagai perubahan
momentum.
11. Impulsive force is defined as the rate of
change of momentum
Daya impul ditakrifkan sebagai kadar
perubahan momentum
12. Weight - Force of Gravity /
Gravitational force / Pulled force
towards the centre of the earth
Berat – Daya Graviti / Daya tarikan
kearah pusat bumi.
13. A free-falling object is an object falling
under the force of garvity only
Jatuh bebas suatu objek adalah objek
jatuh hanya dengan tarikan gtaviti.
14. Gravitational Acceleration is the
acceleration of objects due to force of
garvity
Pecutan gravity ialah pecutan suatu
objek disebabkan tarikan gtaviti.
15. Resultant force is a single force that
represents the combined effect of two
or more forces in magnitude and
direction
Daya paduan ialah daya tunggal yang
mewakili kesan gabungan dua atau
lebih daya dalam magnitud dan arah.
16. Unbalanced force produced when the
forces acting on an object is not
balanced, there must be a net
force/unbalanced/resultant force
acting on it
Daya tak seimbang terhasil apabila
daya yang bertindak ke atas objek
tidak seimbang/terdapat daya
paduan.
17. Newton’s third law of motion states
that, to every action there is an equal
reaction but opposite direction
Hukum Gerakan Newton Ketiga
menyatakan setiap tindakan ada
tindakbalas yang sama tetapi pada
arah bertentangan.
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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

shape after an applied external force is

18. Work is defined as the product of the
applied force ,F on the object and its
displacement, s in the direction of the
applied force.
Kerja ditakrifkan sebagai hasil darab
daya,F ke atas satu objek dan sesaran,s
dalam arah daya yang dikenakan.
19. Energy is the ability to do work.
Tenaga ialah kebolehan.
20. Gravitational potential energy of an
object is the energy stored in the object
due to its position in a force field.
Tenaga Keupayaan Graviti ialah tenaga
yang tersimpan dalam suatu objek
disebabkan kedudukannya dalam medan
daya.
21. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by
an object due to its motion.
Tenaga kinetik adalah daya yang
dipunyai oleh objek yang bergerak.
22. Principle of Conservation of Energy states
that energy cannot be created nor be
destroyed, but energy can be transferred
into another kind of energy.
Prinsip Keabadian Tenaga menyatakan
bahawa tenaga tidak boleh cipta atau
dimusnahkan tetapi boleh dipindahkan
kepada bentuk tenaga yang lain.
23. Power is the amount of work done per
second.
Kuasa adalah jumlah kerja yang dilakukan
per saat.
24. Elasticity is the property of a substance
which enables it to return to its original
removed
Elastisiti ialah sifat bahan yang boleh
kembali ke bentuk asalnya setelah
daya luar dialihkan.
25. Elastic limit of a spring is defined as the
maximum force that can be applied to
a spring such that the spring will be
able to restored to its original length
when the force is removed
Had elastik satu spring ditakrifkan
sebagai daya maksimum yang
dikenakan ke atas satu spring yang
akan kembali ke bentuk asal jika daya
di alihkan.
26. Hooke’s Law states that the extension
of a spring is directly proportional to the
applied force provided that the elastic
limit is not exceeded.
Hukum Hooke menyatakan
pemanjangan spring berkadar terus
dengan daya yang dikenakan jika
tidak melebihi had elastik.
27. Spring constant, k, of a spring is the
force that is required to produce one
unit of extension of the spring.
Pemalar spring, k, suatu spring adalah
daya yang diperlukan untuk
menghasilkan seunit pemanjangan
spring.
28. Elastic Potential Energy is the energy
stored in a spring when it is extended or
compressed
Tenaga Keupayaan Kenyal ialah
tenaga yang tersimpan dalam satu
spring teregang atau termampat.

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
QUESTION ANSWER
(a) Rate of change of displacement

(b)(i) Acceleration of the bus in Diagram 5.2 bigger than 5.1

(b)(ii) Time taken for bus to accelerate in Diagram 5.1 longer than 5.2.

(b)(iii) Distance travel by bus during acceleration in Diagram 5.1 same as in Diagram 5.2

(c)(i) Acceleration higher when the time is shorter

(c)(ii) Bus move faster in 5.2

(d) Acceleration

(e) Move with constant velocity/ zero acceleration

Total

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

Question 2

Distance OA is longer than OB

The time of impact in Diagram 6(a) is shorter than that in Diagram 6(b)
Force in Diagram 6(a) is larger than that in 6(b)
The shorter the time of impact, the smaller the force.
Impulsive Force

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Characteristic Reason
Type of brakes - using ABS Prevent wheel lock for safer braking.

The number of tyres - more tyres Can withstand strong pressure because the base area is large
The size of the tanks - split the tanks Smaller inertia // reduces the inertial impact
becomes small compartment
The material for making the tanks – Avoid from licking // long lasting.
did not react with petroleum.
Distance between the trailer and
Ensure that the trailer will not collide with the tractor
the tractor - far / further

Membuat Keputusan

Characteristic Reason
Small angle Produce bigger resultant force

Streamlined Reduce resistance

Steel Rod Strong// able to withstand high tension

Inelastic Produce uniform force during towing.

Arrangement K is chosen small angle, Streamlined, Steel Rod, Inelastic

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

FORCE AND PRESSURE

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
(a) (i) Depth of holes in diagram (b) is bigger than diagram (b)
(ii) Horizontal distance travelled by water jet in diagram (b) is further than (a)
(iii) The bigger the horizontal distance, the higher the water pressure
(iv) The bigger the depth of water the higher the water pressure
(b) Density of water

Question 2
1. Bottle in liquid Q floats lower
2. Weight and the buoyant force are equal and the same in both cases.
3. Density of liquid P is higher.
4. As the density of liquid decreases, the lower the bottle floats.
5. When density of liquid decreases the volume of liquid displaced increases to produce the same
buoyant force

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Modification Reason/ explaination

Low density//strong//nylon Light // Does not tear easily

Big size Buoyant force increase // Weight of air displaced increases

Gas burner
Rope tied to the balloon
Early in the morning// late evening
To heat up air in balloon // Reduce density of air in the balloon
Avoid the balloon to moves away // To hold the balloon //
Easy to descent the balloon
Air surrounding is cooler // Has high density

Membuat Keputusan

Specification Reason/explaination
Size of air hole is big More air can flows into Bunsen burner

Size of gas nozzle is small Produce high velocity / lower pressure

Size of base is wider More stable

To control the amount of air entering the Bunsen burner through the
Has moveable collar
air hole
Chosen design: R
Because R has big size of air hole, small size of gas nozzle, wider base and has moveable collar

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

HEAT

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
(a) Mass of the water in Diagram (b) > (a)
(b) (i) The reading in of thermometer in (c) < (d)
(ii) The rate of heat loss from water in Diagram (c) > (d)
(c) Quantity of Heat in Diagram (d) > (c)

(d) When the mass increases quantity of heat increases

Question 2
1. The volume of air trapped are the same/ remains unchanged
2. The temperature in Diagram (b) is higher than in (a)
3. The pressure exerted in Diagram (b) is higher than in (a)
4. When temperature increases , the pressure increases.
5. Physics law ; Pressure Law

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Aspects Modification
1.Low specific heat capacity 1.Heat transfer is faster, the temperature will increase faster

2.Higher thermal conductivity 2.Increase heat transfer

3.Higher melting points 3. the wok cannot melt easily

4.Low specific heat capacity (cooking 4.Increase heat transfer
oil) Pemindahan haba cepat
5.High boiling point 5.Not easy to evaporate

Membuat Keputusan

Specification Reason/explaination
Thermal conductivity of the bag Is Low As heat insulator// prevent heat loss/ heat gain
Specific heat capacity Absorbs less heat from the food // Lower final temperature
of the bag is Low
Density of the bag is Low Light
Material of the inner lining Reflects heat back to the food// help transfer escaped heat
Is Aluminium foil back to the food// contains the heat within the cooler bag as
long as it remains closed// Metallic material
Choose S :
cooler bag with low thermal conductivity, low specific heat capacity,
low density, aluminium foil as inner lining

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016
SET II
LIGHT
Konsep Fizik
1. Law of Reflection states that the angle of
incidence i, is equal to the angle of reflection,
r.
Hukum pantulan menyatakan bahawa sudut
tuju,I sama dengan sudut pantulan,r.
2. Parallel rays that are reflected by a concave
mirror will converged at the focal point, F.
Sinar selari yang dipantulkan oleh cermin
cekung akan ditumpukan pada titik focus,F.
3. Parallel rays that are reflected by a convex
mirror will diverged from the focal point, F.
Sinar selari yang dipantulkan oleh cermin
cembung akan dicapahkan dari titik focus,F.
4. Focal point is the point where parallel rays that
strike the surface of a concave mirror will be
reflected and converged.
Titik focus adalah titik di mana sinar selari yang
menghentam permukaan cermin cekung
akan dipantul dan ditumpukan.
5. Refraction of light occurs when light passes
through two mediums of different optical
densities, will change direction and speed.
Pembiasan cahaya berlaku apabila sinar yang
merambat melalui dua medium yang
berlainan ketumpatan optic berubah arah
dan kelajuan.
6. Critical angle is the angle of incidence in an
optically more dense medium which results in
angle of refraction of 90 o .
Sudut genting adalah sudut tuju dalam
medium optic yang lebih tumpat yang
menghasilkan sudut biasan 90o
Mengkonsepsi
Question 1
(a)(i) Refractive index : Diagram A same as Diagram B
(ii) Real depth: diagram A > diagram B
(iii) Apparent depth: diagram A > diagram B
(iv) As real depth increases apparent depth increases
(v) Refraction of light
BPSBP 2016
7. Total Internal Reflection of light occurs
when the incident angle of light travelling
from optically more dense medium to
optically less dense medium is greater than
the critical angle.
Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku apabila
sudut tuju sinar yang merambat dari
medium optic yang lebih tumpat kepada
medium optic yang kurang tumpat lebih
besar daripada sudut genting.
8. Parallel rays that passes through convex
lens will be refracted and converged at
focal point.
Sinar selari yang merambat melalui kanta
cembung akan terbias dan menumpu
pada titik focus.
9. Parallel rays that passes through concave
lens will be refracted and diverged from
focal point.
Sinar selari yang merambat melalui kanta
cekung akan terbias dan mencapah dari
titik focus.
10. Real image is the image that can be
displayed on a screen.
Imej nyata adalah imej yang boleh
ditayang di atas skrin.
11. Virtual image is the image that cannot be
displayed on a screen.
Imej maya adalah imej yang tidak boleh
ditayang di atas skrin.
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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

Question 2

1. Thickness of lenses: J > K

2. The focal length lens K > J
(i) 3. The size of image: J > K
4. The longer the focal length , the smaller the size of virtual image.
5. The longer the focal length the lower the power

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Aspects Suggestion Reason

Both eyepiece and objective
the type of lenses Converge the light
lens are convex lenses
Power of lenses used High power lenses To magnify the image
The distance between greater than the sum of their
To produce larger image
two lenses focal lengths (> fo + fe )
The specimen should be placed
Normal adjustment of
between F and 2F of the To produce real and larger image
the specimen
objective lens
Extra component for Source of light / concave mirror
Brighter image can be formed
lighting under the specimen

Membuat Keputusan

Choice Reason
Convex mirror Wider field of view

Big size of curved mirror More images can be seen / wider view

Curved mirror is placed at high position Views are not blocked

Strong reflector Images seen are clearer

Choice : S
Justification: The cuved mirror is convex mirror, big in size, placed at high position and is strong
reflector

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016
WAVES
Konsep Fizik
1. Waves are carriers of energy. They transfer
energy without transferring matter.
Gelombang adalah pembawa tenaga. Ia
memindahkan tenaga tanpa memindahkan
jirim.
2. Longitudinal Wave is a wave in which the
vibration of particles is parallel to the direction
of the propagation of the wave.
Gelombang membujur ialah gelombang di
mana getaran zarah adalah selari dengan
arah perambatan gelombang.
3. Transverse Wave is a wave in which the
vibration of particles is perpendicular to the
direction of propagation of the wave.
Gelombang melintang ialah gelombang di
mana getaran zarah adalah berserenjang
dengan arah perambatan gelombang.
4. Wavefronts are the lines joining all points
which vibrates in phase.
Muka gelombang adalah garisan yang
menghubungi semua titik yang bergetar
dalam fasa yang sama.
5. Wavelength is the distance between two
adjacent points of the same phase.
Panjang gelombang adalah jarak antara dua
titik sefasa yang bersebelahan.
6. Amplitude is the maximum displacement from
its equilibrium position.
Amplitud adalah sesaran maksimum dari
kedudukan keseimbangan.
7. Frequency of a wave is the number of waves
produced by a source in one second.
Frekuensi gelombang adalah bilangan
gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh satu sumber
dalam satu saat.
8. The period of a wave is the time taken for an
oscillation to complete one cycle
Tempoh gelombang adalah masa yang
diambil untuk membuat satu ayunan lengkap
9. Forced Oscillation is the external force applied
to an oscillating system.
Daya memaksa adalah daya luar yang
bertindak terhadap system ayunan.
10. Natural frequency is the frequency of a system
which oscillate freely without the action of an
external force.
Frekuensi asli ialah frekuensi satu sistem yang
bergetar tanpa sebarang daya luar bertindak
BPSBP 2016
ke atasnya.
11. Resonance occurs when a system is
made to oscillate at a frequency equals
to its natural frequency by an external
force
Resonans berlaku apabila satu system
dipaksa berayun pada frekuesi yang
sama dengan frekuensi aslinya oleh daya
luar.
12. Damping is a process whereby the
amplitude of oscillations decreases due
to a loss of energy to frictional forces.
Pelembapan adalah satu proses dimana
amplitude ayunan berkurang disebabkan
kehilangan tenaga kepada geseran.
13. Diffraction is the spreading and bending
of waves as they pass through an
aperture or around the edge of a barrier.
Pembelauan adalah penyebaran atau
pembengkokkan gelombang setelah
gelombang melalui celah atau bucu
penghalang.
14. Coherent Waves are waves that have
same frequency and in phase.
Gelombang koheren adalah dua
gelombang yang mempunyai frekuensi
dan fasa yang sama.
15. Monochromatic Light is light with one
colour or wavelength
Cahaya monokromatik adalah cahaya
yang mempunyai satu warna atau
panjang gelombang.
16. Principle of Superposition states that when
two waves coincide at a point, the sum
of the displacements at that point is
equal to the sum of the displacements of
the individual waves by vector method.
Prinsip Superposisi menyatakan bahawa
apabila dua gelombang bertemu di satu
titik, jumlah sesarannya adalah
bersamaan dengan hasil tambah sesaran
individu secara kaedah vektor.
17. Constructive interference occurs when a
crest meets a crest and when a trough
meets a trough.
Inteferens membina berlaku apabila
puncak bertemu puncak dan
lembangan bertemu lembangan.
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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

18. Destructive interference occurs when a crest
meets a trough. Resultant amplitude is zero.
Interferens memusnah berlaku apabila puncak
bertemu lembangan. Amplitud paduan
adalah sifar.
20. Nodal lines are lines joining the nodes or
19. Antinodal lines are lines joining the antinodes or
points of constructive interference.
Garisan antinod adalah garisan yang
menyambungkan semua titik antinod
atau titik yang mengalami inteferens
membina.
points of destructive interference.
Garisan nod adalah garisan yang
menyambungkan titik nod atau titik yang
mengalami inteferens memusnah.

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1

Aspects Modification
(a)(i) The depth of water in region X is greater than in region Y
(ii) The wavelength of the waves in region X is longer than that in region Y
(iii) The deeper the water is, the longer the wavelength.
(iv) The deeper the water is, the slower the speed og the wave
(v) Refractions of waves

Question 2

1. Before passing through the narrow and wide gaps, plane wavefronts can be observed. After passing
through the gaps, the waves emerging from the gap have circular wavefronts
2. The wavelengths of the waves before and after passing through the narrow and wide gaps are the
same
3. The curvature of the bending is more obvious in the diagram, where the gap is narrower.
4. When a wave passes through a gap, the wave bends. The narrower the size of the gap is, the bigger
the bending/ curvature of the wave will be
5. Diffraction of waves

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Specification Reason/explaination
Concrete structures, solid and rigid Can withstand the impact of the waves, not easy to crack
Diffraction will occur, the smaller amplitude of the diffracted
Has narrow gaps
waves causes the sea to be calm
Must be high To ensure no overspill of the waves
The new jetty is built in the region of the The waves in the bay calmer (amplitude is lower) than in the
bay cape
The wave energy diverges at the bay The amplitude and size of the waves are smaller at the bay

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

Membuat Keputusan

Aspect/Aspek Reason/Sebab
Large diameter/Diameter besar receives more signals /menerima lebih banyak isyarat
The distance of the signal receiver from This will produce a better reception. Distant signals which
the centre of the parabolic disc is the travel in parallel lines will be reflected and focused onto the
same as the focal length signal receiver
The type of wave transmitted should be has high frequency/high energy/ short wavelength, so is easily
microwave reflected
The height of the parabolic disc from
The signal is not blocked/easy to be detected
the ground should be high
K is chosen. Because the diameter of the parabolic disc is large, the distance of the signal receiver from
the centre is the same as the focal length, it transmits microwave, and has a high position

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

RADIOACTIVITY
Konsep Fizik

1 Nuklid 4 Separuh hayat ialah masa yang diambil oleh

A : Nombor Nukleon Z : Nombor atom keaktifan bahan radioaktif untuk berkurang
X: Element / unsur menjadi separuh daripada aktiviti asal.

2 Keradioaktifan ialah proses reputan nukleus
yang tidak stabil melalui pengeluaran sinaran
radioaktif secara spontan dan rawak untuk
membentuk nukleus baru yang lebih stabil
5 Radioisotop adalah merupakan nukleus yang
kurang stabil yang mereput dan mengeluarkan
sinaran radioaktif seperti zarah α , zarah β atau
sinar γ.

3 6 Pembelahan nukleas merupakan pembelahan

Jenis nukleus berjisim besar kepada dua atau lebih
α β γ
sinaran nukleus yang lebih ringan dan disertai
Satu Gelomba pembebasan tenaga.
Sifat
nukleus elektron ng
semula
Helium berhalaj elektrom 7 Pelakuran nukleus ialah cantuman dua nukleus
jadi
u tinggi agnet yang lebih ringan untuk membentuk nukleus
Kuasa yang lebih berat dan disertai dengan
Sederha
pengio Tinggi Rendah pembebasan tenaga.
na
nan
Kuasa
penem Renda Sederha
Tinggi
busan h na

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
Bahagian Jawapan Catatan
(a) Radioactive substances are substances that have unstable nucleus
and always emit radioactive radiation in the form of alpha particles,
beta particles or gamma rays in order to become stable.
(b) (i) Positive charge
(ii) Diagram 1.2 > diagram 1.1
(iii) Diagram 1.2 > diagram 1.1
(c) (i) The higher the voltage of EHT , the higher the strength of the
electric field
(ii) the higher the strength of the electric field, the greater the
depletion
(d) (i) Gamma radiation
(ii) Gamma does not has any charge

Question 2
Bahagian Jawapan Catatan
(a) Curve graph/exponential/ shape 2.1 same as 2.2
Time taken for activity to become half shorter in diagram 2.2
(b) P= 5 hours
Q = 100 seconds
(c) Half-time

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Menyelesaikan Masalah (Kualitatif)

Soalan Jawapan Catatan

(i) The equipment is set up

Two radioactive sources P and Q that releases beta- radiation is kept

on the left side of the bottle.
P is on top of standard volume and the ray is detected by R.
Q is below the standard volume and the ray is detected by S
(ii) Radioactive substance used
Use material that releases beta-radiation because it is easy to handle.
The penetration rate is medium and safe.
Use material with longer half-life because can last longer.
Use GM-tube to detect the beta-radiation
(iii) how the system works.
If R could detect high radiation means the volume at the bottle is
lower and if R detects low radiation means the volume is higher than
the standard volume.
If S could detect low radiation means the volume at the tin is higher
and if R detects high radiation means the volume is lower than the
standard volume.
For a standard volume the R must detect high radiation and Q must
detect low radiation.

Membuat Keputusan

Characteristics Reason Note

State of matter - Liquid Easy to absorb by the root of plant
Half life of radioisotope -Short Does not stay long in the plant // less harmful //
half life decay quickly
Type of radiation - Beta Ray Medium penetrating power
Type of detector - GM tube
Can detect ray effectively // portable
detector
Y - Because it is in liquid state , has short half life, emits beta ray and can be detected easily detected
by GM tube detector.

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SET III

ELECTRICITY
Konsep Fizik

1. Electric field is a region around a charged keupayaan merentasinya jika suhu

object which any other charged body dan kuntiti fizik yang lain adalah
experience a force. malar.
Medan Elektrik adalah kawasan sekeliling
4. Resistance, R of a conductor is the
objek bercas di mana jasad bercas yang
lain mengalami daya. ratio of the potential difference, V to
the current, I.
2. Potential Difference, V between two Rintangan, R satu konduktor ialah
points in a circuit is defined as the amount nisbah beza keupayaan, V dengan
of work done when a unit of charge arus, I.
passes from one point to the other point
5. Electromotive Force (e.m.f) is defined
Beza Keupayaan , V di antara dua titik
as the work done by the source to
dalam satu litar ditakrifkan sebagai jumlah
kerja yang dilakukan apabila seunit move a coulomb of charge around a
charge melalui dari satu titik ke titik yang complete circuit.
lain. Daya Gerak Elektrik (d.g.e)
ditakrifkan sebagai kerja yang
3. Ohm’s Law states that the current that dilakukan oleh sumber untuk
passes through an ohmic conductor is menggerakkan satu coulomb charge
directly proportional to the potential dalam satu litar lengkap.
difference applied accross it if the
6. Internal resistance ,r is the resistance
temperature and other physical conditions
within a cell due to its electrolyte and
are constant.
electrodes or source of electricity.
Hukum Ohm menyatakan bahawa arus
Rintangan Dalam, r adalah rintangan
yang mengalir melalui konduktor ohm
dalam satu sel disebabkan elektrolit
adalah berkadar terus dengan beza
dan elektrod atau sumber elektrik.

Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
5(a) Resistance is a material's opposition to the flow of electric current

(b)(i) Wire in diagram 5.2 thicker than wire in diagram 5.1

(ii) The voltmeter reading in diagram 5.2 is lower than voltmeter reading in diagram 5.1

The thicker the wire the lower the potential difference

(iii)
(c) Temperature/length of wire
𝑉
R=
𝐼
(d) =
2
0.5
= 4Ω

(e)

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Question 2

1. In Diagram 10.1(a), the dry cells connected in parallel, while in Diagram 10.1(b), the dry cells
connected in series
2. The voltage supplied in Figure 10.1(a) is smaller
3. The ammeter reading in Figure 10.2(a) is smaller
4. The greater the voltage supplied, the greater the energy transferred to flow the electric charges
around the circuit// directly proportional
5. The greater the current flowing around the circuit, the faster that the energy is transferred

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Suggestion / Modification Explanation / Reason

Number of dry cell: more higher voltage

Arrangement of dry cells: series
Energy converter: LED
Number of energy converter : more
parallel
higher e.m.f. for dry cells in series
/ / less waste of energy / not easily burn out / / not getting hot
easily / low cost
More energy can be converted to gain more brightness of bulb
If one of the device burnt, the rest of the device still bright / all
the device share the same e.m.f. / all the devices same
brightness / the devices not dimmer

Membuat Keputusan

Choice Reason
Thin diameter High resistance

Coil wire Increase length / resistance

Parallel arrangement If one panel not function, others still function

High melting point Withstand high temperature

The choice is G, because thin diameter, coil wire, parallel arrangement and high melting point.

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 Modul PECUTAN Fizik SBP 2016 BPSBP 2016

ELECTROMAGNETISM
Konsep Fizik

1. An electromagnet is a device in which surrounding a current carrying

magnetism is produced in a conductor conductor combines with the
when current flow. magnetic field of permanent
Elektromagnet adalah alat yang boleh magnet.
menghasilkan kemagnetan di dalam Medan lastik adalah medan paduan
konduktor apabila arus mengalir. yang terjadi apabila medan magnet
yang dihasilkan oleh konduktor yang
2. An electromagnet acts as a temporary membawa arus bergabung dengan
magnet. medan magnet yang dihasilkan oleh
Elektromagnet bertindak seperti magnet magnet kekal.
sementara
9. Electromagnetic induction occurs
3. A magnetic field is a region in which a when a conductor experience a
ferromagnetic material experiences a change of magnetic flux or when the
force. conductor cuts the magnetic flux.
Medan magnet ialah satu kawasan When this happen current or emf is
dimana bahan ferromagnetic mengalami induced in the conductor .
daya. Aruhan electromagnet berlaku
apabila konduktor mengalami
4. The direction of a magnetic field is from perubahan fluks magnet atau
north pole to south pole. apabila konduktor memotong
Arah medan magnet ialah dari kutub medan magnet. Apabila ia berlaku
utara ke kutub selatan. arus .atau dge diaruhkan dalam
konduktor.
5. The direction of magnetic field produced 10. Faraday‟s law states that “ The
by a current carrying conductor can be magnitude of the induced current or
determined using Maxwell’s cork screw induced e.m.f. is directly proportional
rule (right hand grip rule). to the rate of change of magnetic
Arah medan magnet yang dihasilkan oleh flux .”
dawai konduktor yang membawa arus Hukum Faraday menyatakan
boleh ditentukan dengan menggunakan bahawa “Magnitud arus aruhan atau
petua skru gabus Maxwell (petua d.g.e aruhan adalah berkadar terus
genggaman tangan kanan). dengan kadar perubahan fluks
magnet.”
6. The polarity of the magnetic field around
a solenoid carrying current can be 11. Lenz‟s law states that” The direction
determined by using right hand grip rule. of an induced current always flow in
Kekutuban medan magnet mengelilingi a direction so as to oppose the
solenoid yang membawa arus boleh change which is causing it.”
ditentukan dengan menggunakan petua Hukum Lenz menyatakan bahawa
genggaman tangan kanan. “Arah arus aruhan sentiasa mengalir
pada arah yang menentang
7. The direction of the resultant force of a perubahan yang menghasilkannya.”
current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field can be determined using Fleming’s 12. We can determine the direction of
Left hand rule. induced current produced in
Arah daya paduan yang dihasilkan oleh dynamo by using Fleming’s right hand
konduktor yang membawa arus dalam rule.
medan magnet boleh ditentukan dengan Kita boleh menentukan arah arus
menggunakan petua tangan kiri Fleming. aruhan yang dihasilkan oleh dynamo
dengan menggunakan petua tangan
8. Catapult field is the resultant magnetic kanan Fleming.
field produced when the magnetic field

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Mengkonsepsi

Question 1
(a) (i) Diagram A: towards the solenoid and Diagram B away from the solenoid.

(ii) Direction of current on the solenoid upwards for diagram A and downwards for diagram B.

(iii) P : South pole and Q: North pole

When the south pole moves into the solenoid the polarity of the solenoid is South and when
(b) (i)
the south pole moves away from the solenoid the polarity of solenoid is North.
(ii) Lenz’ law

Question 2

1. Strength of both magnets are the same

(i) 2. The number of turns: diagram b > diagram a
3. The size of deflection: diagram b > diagram a

4. When the number of turns increases the size of deflection increases

(ii) 5. When the number of turns increases the rate of change of magnetic flux increases.
6. When the rate of change of magnetic flux increases the magnitude of current increases.

Menyelesai Masalah (Kualitatif)

Aspects Suggestion Reason

the type of material used : Copper Good conductor and low resistance

the diameter of wire Bigger diameter To reduce resistance

the type of material of the core Soft iron core Easy magnetised and demagnetised

characteristics of the core laminated Prevent eddy’s current

Wound the
the distance between primary coil
secondary coil on top To prevent leakage of magnetic flux
and secondary coil
the primary coil

Membuat Keputusan
Choice Reason

Np:Ns = 200:20 000 is the lowest to step-up voltage / output voltage increases

soft iron core easily magnetized and demagnetized

Thinner laminated iron core to reduce the magnitude of eddy’s current

‘O’shape to reduce the leakage of magnetic flux

Choice : T,
Justification: Np:Ns = 200:20 000 is the lowest, soft iron core, thinner iron core
and ‘O’shape

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SET IV : Scientific Competencies (Kemahiran Mengeksperimen)

Kelemahan Umum Jawapan Pelajar dalam Peperiksaan SPM:

Kompetensi Kelemahan Umum Pelajar Saranan Untuk Guru

a. Gagal membaca alat pengukuran 1. Kemahiran membaca alat pengukur yang sering
dengan betul digunakan di makmal.
Membuat
b. Tidak mencatat unit bagi setiap 2. Penggunaan tempat perpuluhan dan unit yang betul.
pengukuran
pengukuran 3. Kejituan setiap alat pengukur yang ada di dalam
c. Bacaan /data yang salah makmal.

a. Tidak menyatakan pembolehubah

Mengenalpasti
dengan betul Bantu pelajar mengkaji situasi soalan dengan teliti untuk
Pemboleh
b. Memberi jawapan yang bukan menentukan pembolehubah
ubah
kuantiti fizik
1. Ketelitian membaca arahan menjadualkan data
a. Tidak menjadualkan semua kuantiti
dengan teliti.
Penjadualan fizik yang disenaraikan
2. Setiap turus data dilabel dengan kuantiti fizik dan
data b. Tidak mencatat unit pada jadual data.
unitnya.
c. Menjadualkan data yang salah
3. Tempat perpuluhan data yang konsisten.
a. Menggunakan data yang salah untuk
Memindahkan memplot graf 1. Pemilihan skala yang sesuai (mempertimbangkan nilai
data daripada b. Paksi tidak dilabel dengan unit maksimum sebelum menentukan skala pada graf)
jadual kepada c. Bilangan titik-titik diplot tidak mencukupi 2. Pindah dan plot titik-titik dengan tepat
graf d. Graf yang bukan garisan terbaik 3. Melukis garisan terbaik.
e. Melukis graf yangtergantung
Menganalisis / 1. Mengenal pasti sama ada garisan melalui pusat
menterjjemah Tidak dapat memberikan hubungan kordinat atau tidak
data dan antara pembolehubah secara lebih 2. Memastikan hubungan yang dinyatakan
membuat terperinci. sepadan dengan pembolehubah yang digunakan.
kesimpulan. 3. Latihan dengan merujuk kepada pelbagai bentuk graf.

Graph

a is a a
Conclusion directly proportional increases linearly decreases linearly
to b with b with b

Graph

a is a a
Conclusion inversely proportional increases decreases
to b with b with b

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1. Science Process Skill (Paper 3, Section A)

Contoh: Soalan 1 Kertas 3 Percubaan SPM SBP 2011

No Answer Mark
1(a)(i) mass 1
(ii) Volume of air, V 1
(iii) Mass of air//temperature 1
(b) Tabulate m, V and 1/V correctly in the table
A Shows a table m, V and 1/V
B State the correct unit of m, V and 1/V
C 3 values of V are correct
D All values of V are correct
E All calculations values of 1/V are correct
F State V consistent to 1 d.p.
G State 1/V consistent 2 or 3 d.p 7

Mass, m/kg Volume of air, 1/V / cm-3

V/cm3
0.5 9.0 0.111
1.0 4.8 0.210
1.5 3.3 0.303
2.0 2.5 0.400
2.5 2.0 0.500
(c) Draw the graph of 1/V against m

A – Label y-axis and x-axis correctly

B – State the unit at the axis correctly
C – Both axes with the even and uniform scale
D – 5 points correctly plotted
E – a smooth best straight line
F – minimum size of the graph is 5 x 4 squares of 2 x 2 cm
5

No of ticks Score
6 5
5 4
3-4 3
2 2
1 1
(d) State the correct relationship based on the candidate’s graph

1/V is directly proportional to m // 1/V is increasing linearly to m 1

TOTAL MARK 16

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Question 2: Soalan 2 Kertas 3, SPM 2008

(a) (i) a is directly proportional to h.

(ii) a = 1.49 ms-2

(iii) m = 1.49 – 0
0.3- 0

= 4.97 s-2

(b) m = g = 4.97
l
g = 4.97 x l
= 4.97 x 2
= 9.94 ms-2

(c) a = g x h
l
= 9.94 x 0.10
15
= 0.066 ms-2
(d) Ensure the trolley moves down the inclined plane in a straight path without knocking the sides of
the inclined plane.

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3. Science Process Skill – Planning Experiment (Paper 3, Section B)

Contoh: Soalan 4, Kertas 3, Peperiksaan……….

a. Inference

Distance between two consecutive antinodal lines depends on the distance between two vibrating
sources.
Jarak antara dua garis antinod yang berturutan bergantung kepada jarak antara dua sumber yang
bergetar.

b. Hypothesis
The distance between two consecutive antinodal lines increases as the distance between two vibrating
sources decreases.
Jarak antara dua garis antinodal berturutan bertambah apabila jarak antara dua sumber yang
bergetar berkurang.

c.
i. Aim
To investigate the relationship between the distance between two consecutive antinodal lines and the
distance between two vibrating sources.
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara jarak antara duci garis antinodal yang berturutan dengan jarak
antara dua sumber yang bergetar.

ii. Variables
Manipulated variable/ Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:
Distance between two vibrating sources, a
Jarak antara dua sumber yang bergetar, a

Responding variable:
Pembolehubah bergerak balas:

Distance between two antinodal lines, x

Jarak antara dua garis antinod yan berturutan, x

Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan:
Distance between sources and the position where x is measured
Jarak antara sumber dan kedudukkan dimana x diukur

iii. Apparatus

Power supply, ripple tank with two spherical dippers, stroboscope and metre rule
Bekalan kuasa, tangki riak dengan dua pencelup sfera, stroboskop dan pembaris meter

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iv. Apparatus Setup

v. Procedure

1 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram

2 Switch on the power supply
3 Start the experiment with the distance of two vibrating sources, a = 2.0 cm
4 Use the stroboscope to freeze the image of wave motion
5 Measure the distance between two antinodal lines, using the metre rule
6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 with a = 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm, 8.0 cm and 10.0 cm with a constant Distance
between sources and the position where x is measured

vi. Data tabulation

Distance between two vibrating sources Distance between two antinodal lines
Jarak antara dua sumber yang bergetar a/cm Jarak antara garis antinod yang berturutan x/cm
2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

vii. Analyze data

- END OF MODULE -

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