Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Enforced
Disappearances:
A New Cruel
Culture in
Bangladesh
Report:
Disappearances
Since 2016
Enforced Disappearances: A New Cruel Culture
Enforced disappearance is a relatively new addition to state crime. It is nowadays the most
abominable term in Bangladesh. According to Amnesty International, “Enforced disappearance is
frequently used as a strategy to spread terror within society. The feeling of insecurity and fear it
generates is not limited to the close relatives of the disappeared, but also affects communities and
society as a whole. It has become a global problem. Once largely used by military dictatorships,
disappearances now happen out of many internal conflicts, particularly when trying to repress
political opponents.”
• Right to life (if the disappeared person is killed or their fate is unknown).
After coming into the power in 2009, The Awami League government started to repress the opposition
parties. Many political activists have been disappeared by the law enforcement agency and their bullet-
riddled dead body has been found in several places. Between January 2009 and March 2016, human
rights groups have documented at least 250 people forcibly disappeared in the country. Many witnesses
have testified to the law enforcement agents’ involvement in these cases, and the pattern of abductions
and the profiles of victims suggest that disappearances are used as a weapon by the government to
silence political opponents.
Enforced disappearance violates the criminal law of Bangladesh and International law:
The enforced disappearance violates both the Bangladeshi law and International law. Enforced
disappearance is a new cruel culture in our country. After the year of 2009, it is massively seen in this
country. The constitution of Bangladesh strongly opposes this. Though it is a new culture, there are
provisions regarding kidnap and abduction in the Penal Code, 1860. According to section 362 of the
Penal Code, 1860, a person means induces any other person to go from one place to another.
The punishment for murder after abduction is death penalty or imprisonment for life as stipulated in section
302 of the Penal Code 1860. In addition to this, if kidnapping or abduction is committed with an intention to
wrongful confinement, the offender shall be punished with custody of either description for a term, which
may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine. shibir-activists
A serious violation of International Law is also committed by enforced disappearance. Article 7 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) asserted that, “All are equal before the law and are entitled
without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.”
Bangladesh has international obligations as a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR), as enforced disappearances violate a number of rights mentioned in the covenant,
including the right to liberty and security of person and the right to fair trial, and, in particular cases the right
to life. Investigations into enforced disappearances are rarely made in Bangladesh. (Amnesty International)
Enforced disappearance is one of the forms of cruel inhumane violence in Bangladesh. Opposition leaders
and activists are the main victims of such inhumane activity. Every human being has the right to get justice
when he is victimized by any other means but in the context of Bangladesh the situation has become of
such nature that victim has no opportunity to get minimum justice. The family members and relatives of the
person disappeared pass their days with great confusion whether their beloved will return or not.
Enforced disappearance has a horrific impact on the sufferer’s life and his family as well. Now in
Bangladesh, such offensive treatment has become very cruel. Many people including students are forcibly
disappeared by the law enforce agency and after disappearance the victim’s dead body is found in pond,
river, field, crematory and so on. Victim’s relatives don’t know what his fault was. When a son of a family
becomes disappeared, this is the stinging incident for the parents.
Victim’s family faces serious economic problems when the victim was the main bread-winner of the family.
Children face psychological problem when their father is disappeared. They generally grow with social
immaturity.
The present government can’t avoid liability of enforced disappearance. Police, RAB are also accountable
for the disappearance because they are the main actors of this cruel culture. If this inhuman culture
continues, the government may lose trust from mass people though the present government is passing
over a crisis regarding their legitimacy.
By Md Saiful Islam
Report: Disappearances Since 2016
- those the authorities suspect, rightly or wrongly, are involved in militancy in some way;
- those who for one political reason or the other, it is useful for the state to secretly
detain;
- those involved in other kinds of private conflicts where one of the parties to the conflict
has the power to obtain the use of a law enforcement agency to do his bidding;
The pick ups are primarily undertaken by the Detective Branch of the Police, the
Counter Terrorism Unit (which has emerged out of the DB), or by the para-military
organisation, the Rapid Action Battalion - though RAB's involvement seems to be
declining in recent years. The ordinary police are also involved, as are sometimes the
country's intelligence agencies in particular the country's military intelligence agency,
DGFI.
The government has, it seems, informally given law enforcement authorities a general
green light to carry out secret detentions in certain circumstances. There are however a
few are undertaken at a low level which are outside of any authorisation, and many
others (particularly those involving more high-profile subjects) done with specific high
level governmental authorisation.
To see the main page on disappearances, and see the list of those who remain missing since 2016, click
here.
To see the main page on disappearances, and see the list of those who subsequently killed since 2016,
click here.
To read more about disappearances in Bangladesh, see the recent Human Rights Watch report
36 people picked up in last two years, continued to be disappeared
Below are the details of 36 people allegedly picked up by Bangladesh law enforcement authorities
since 2016 who remain disappeared - that is to say they have not yet been released, "formally
arrested", or their dead body has not been found.
In effect, what this means is that Bangladesh state authorities are either secretly detaining or have
killed them.
The information below is based on media news reports, and information from human rights
organisations and in some cases direct interviews with families. It is very likely that are more
people who are disappeared - but whose cases have not been reported.
Please note that it is not uncommon for men, who have been picked up to subsequently be shown
arrested after some time, so this is an ever-changing situation. If you have any further information
on these or other enforced disappearances in Bangladesh, please e-mail Bangladesh Politico
Maroof Zaman
Picked up on 4 December 2017
Maroof Zaman, a former Bangladeshi ambassador to Qatar and Vietnam, went missing on 4 December
2017 when he drove to Dhaka airport to pick up his daughter. Subsequently, masked men entered the
family house and took away his computer.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/disappearances-plague-bangladesh-171208160532558.html
Masum
Picked up on November 15, 2017
Masum, a madrasa student, was picked up in Jhenhaidah on November 15, 2017 by men who identified
themselves as police officers.
http://m.dailynayadiganta.com/detail/news/268973
Mubashar Hasan
Picked up on November 7, 2017
Mubashar Hasan, an academic, was picked in Dhaka soon after leaving at meeting at the UN
headquarter son November 7, 2017 allegedly by members of the military intelligence agency.
https://thewire.in/198852/bangladesh-academic-mubashar-hasan-held-by-military-intelligence-agency/
Jahangir Hossain
Picked up on November 5, 2017
Jahangir Hossain the general secretary of Dynna union unit of the youth wing of the Awami League was
picked up outside the court premises in Tangail on November 5, 2017 by men introducing themselves as
from the detective branch.
http://www.thedailystar.net/city/tangail-member-abducted-1489570
Abdul Jabbar
Picked up on September 4, 2017
Abdul Jabbar, a student, was picked upon from his house in Satkhira on September 4, 2017 by men
identifying themselves as police
http://www.bd-pratidin.com/last-page/2017/10/10/270794
Aminur Rahman
Picked up on August 27, 2017
Aminur Rahman, the secretary general of the Bangladesh Kalyan Party, which is part of the opposition
alliance was allegedly picked up on August 27 by law enforcement authorities in Dhaka
http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/112132
Sohel Khan
Picked up on July 17, 2017
Sohel Khan, the General Secretary of youth wing of Awami League of Chingrakhali union in Bagherat
was picked up by RAB on July 17, 2017
http://www.mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=74822&cat=9
Abdullah Al Faruq
Picked up on July 18, 2017
Abdullah Al Faruq, a student activist of the Awami League was picked up in Rajshai on July 18 by men
who identified themselves as from the Rapid Action Battalion.
http://www.mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=74822
Azizul Haque Daud and Omor Faruk Mohon
Picked up on June 17, 2017Two men - Azizul Haque Daud and Omor Faruk Mohon - both activists of
the youth wing of the opposition BNP, were picked up in Feni by a group of police officers on June 17,
2017
http://www.mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=71192
Enamul Huq
Picked up on June 6, 2017
Enamul Huq, a mechanic, was picked up in Dhaka on June 6, 2017 by over 15 men who identified
themselves as law enforcement officers.
Prothom Alo 13 June 2017
Seven men
Picked up between May 4 and 6, 2017
Seven men - Mohammad Titu Biswas, Abdul Latif, Mohammad Shaheen Zaman (22); Rana Ahmed (25)
Monwar Hossain (32), Milon Biswas (17), Al-Amin (25), Mohammad Saheb Ali (42), Emon Hossain (17) -
were picked up between May 4 and 6, 2017 from two Villages in Jhenaidah district apparently by law
enforcement authorities.
http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/1184506/
Shafikur Rahman
Picked up on 24 March 2017
SM Shafikur Rahman, 35, involved with a transportation business, and his brothers-in-law Md Hasan, 21,
and Moazzem Hossain Sathi, 18 were picked up in Chittagong on March 24, 2017 by men who
introduced themselves as law enforcement officers.
http://www.newagebd.net/article/12398/3-men-picked-up-by-law-enforcers-alleges-family
Hassan Ali
Picked up on 7 January 2017
Hassan Ali, who worked as a salesman for a clothes shops, was picked up in Dhaka on 7 Jan 2017 by
plain clothes dressed men, one of whom was identified in CCTV footage as being from the Detective
Branch of Police
http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/1085765
http://www.thedailystar.net/city/bcl-man-missing-18-days-510808
Below are the details of 28 people picked up by Bangladesh law enforcement authorities since 2016,
secretly detained for different periods of time, and then subsequently killed.
To see the main page on disappearances, and see the list of those who remain missing since 2016,
click here.
The information below is based on information from human rights organisations, direct interviews with
families as well as media news reports.
Out of over 90 reported disappearances in 2016, 21 people were subsequently killed (12 of them being
opposition Jamaat-e-Islami activists). The information about these 21 people was first published in the
recent HRW report
These figures do not include examples of militants allegedly picked up and allegedly killed - in cases like
this. These are allegedly widespread, but are difficult to verify.
If you have any further information on these or other enforced disappearances in Bangladesh, please e-
mail Bangladesh Politico
----------------
Mohammad Alam
Picked up on August 22, 2017. Body found on August 23, 2017
Mohammad Alam, joint convener of Amanullahpur Union unit of the BNP youth wing in Noakhali district,
was picked up on August 22, 2016 from his house in the early morning by a group of men who identified
themselves as from the detective branch of the police. The following day, police claimed that Mohammad
Alam was shot dead in a ‘gunfight’ in the early morning on August 23.
http://epaper.prothom-alo.com/view/dhaka/2017-08-25/6
Mohammad Arjullah
Picked up on May 27, 2017. Body found on May 31, 2017
Arjullah was picked up on the evening of May 27, 2017 from a local shop in the district of Chuadanga by
men who identified themselves to local people as law enforcement officers. Four days later, on May 31,
2017 his body was found in a field.
Prothom Alo 1 June, 2017
Rafiqul Islam, 42
Picked up on March 24, 2017. Body found on March 28, 2017
Rafiqul Islam, an alleged criminal, was picked up on March 24, 2017 by men who identified themselves
as members of the detective branch in Mirpur. His dead body was found near a highway following a
gunfight on March 28, 2017
Prothom Alo 30 March 2017
Safinul Islam, 32
Picked up on 26 September 2016, Body found on October 26, 2016
Safinul Islam (alias Safin), previously convicted in a murder case, was picked up from Dhaka by men
identifiable as members of RAB on September 26, 2016. RAB denied the arrest that time, but a month
later, claimed that he was killed in a gunfight at Dadrajonti village in Joypurhat
http://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=40243
Idris Ali, 56
Picked up on 4 August 2016, Dead body found on 10 August 10, 2016
Idris Ali, a madrasa teacher and Jamaat-e-Islami leader in Jhenaidah, was picked up on August 4, 2016
by police while returning to his house at night. Eight days later, his body was found on the Harinakundu-
Jhenaidah road with marks of torture
http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/55492
Oliullah Mollah, 38
Picked up in 9 July 2016, Dead body found on 10 July, 2016
Oliullah Mollah, vice president of a local brick field workers’ association and general secretary of his local
unit of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in Satkhira, was picked up on July 9, 2016 by police from the
Paruli bazaar area. Police later said his body was found on July 10, 2016 in Ganghati village following a
gunfight.
http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/bnp-activist-killed-shootout-1251886
Faruk Hossain, 42
Picked up on 1 July 2016. Dead body found on 2 July 2016
Faruk Hossain, claimed by police to be a member of a gang of robbers, was picked up in Jessore on July
1, 2016 by four men on two motorbikes identifying themselves as police officers. Police later said his body
was found following a gunfight on July 2, 2016
http://www.thedailystar.net/country/abducted-man-killed-gunfight-1249405
Saiful Islam, 25
Picked up on July 1, 2016. Dead body found on July 19, 2016
Saiful Islam, an activist of the Jamaat-e-Islami student wing, was picked up by police from his hostel in
Jhenaidah along with four other students on July 1, 2016 , and was seen the following day by his family at
a police station. Nearly three weeks later, on July 19, 2016, police claimed to have found his body close
to Jhenaidah highway following a gunfight with criminals.
http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/shibir-man-killed-gunfight-1256257
Sohanur Rahman
Picked up on April 10, 2016. Dead body found on April 20, 2016
Sohanur Rahman, a supporter of the Jamaat-e-Islami, was arrested in Ishwarba village in Jhenaidah, in
front of his younger brother. His body, with bullet injuries, was found 10 days later.
http://www.daily-sun.com/post/129965/Abducted-college-student-found-dead-in-Chudanga
Abu Huraira
Picked up January 24, 2016, dead body found February 29, 2016
Abu Huraira, a teacher at Kuthi Durgapur Madrasa and a senior member of Jamaat-e-Islami in
Jhenaidah, was picked up outside the school where he taught by men who identified themselves as
Detective Branch members. His body was found a month later on the Jessore-Jhenaidah road
http://www.observerbd.com/2016/03/01/139188.php