Clariant Pigments

WARPAGE

Public

Business Unit Pigments

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Warpage and Shrinkage

Unexpected shrinkage and warpage may be caused by organic pigments.

The right pigment selection can prevent those effects and customer complaints.

SHRINKAGE = geometric reduction in the size of a part.

The part becomes smaller.

WARPAGE (DISTORTION) = results when “shrinkage” is not uniform.

The part becomes deformed.
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Shrinkage

Geometric reduction

vertical
in the size of a part

l
b

60
The part becomes
smaller. 60 2,5

horizontal
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Shrinkage

Examples for rotational symmetric applications

Caps/ Closures

Rotational moulded cases

Pipes
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Warpage

During injection molding process of HDPE, organic pigments have an influence on

crystallization behavior of the polymer.
A number of studies have shown that pigments can affect both:
 the size of the crystallites and
 the rate of crystallization
by acting as nucleating agents.
In result organic pigments induce crystallization at higher temperatures than expected.
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Warpage
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Warpage test method

– In the first step 10 HDPE injection molding plates with a size of 60 x 60 mm are
produced.
In the second step 10 HDPE plates the same size colored with 0.1% organic pigment
are made up.

– Processing temperature depending on the pigment stability is 220 °C and 280 °C.

– With a special device the vertical and horizontal length of each plate is measured.

Result is given as:

Difference of the vertical and horizontal change between test plates in natural
HDPE and those ones colored with 0.1% pigment is calculated and a warpage
category is assigned.
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Hostalen GC 7260
10 Test plates
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PV Fast® Red HGR

10 Test plates
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Special device for measurement

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Warpage category assessment

( % Svertical - % Shorizontal )
% FV = x 100
% Shorizontal

FV = Shrinkage
% Slength = Vertical shrinkage in %
vs. natural material
% Swidth = Horizontal shrinkage in % vs. natural material

Warpage class 1: FV = 0 - 10 % excellent

Warpage class 2: FV = 10 - 20 % suitable, pretests are necessary
Warpage class 3: FV = > 20 % unsuitable
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Warpage

If the vertical shrinkage is

higher than the horizontal

vertical
shrinkage, the warpage

l
b

60
result has a positive sign.

60 2,5

horizontal

Warpage Horizontal (%) Vertical (%) Total (%)

PV Fast Red HGR 2,90 3,03 1,10
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Warpage

If the horizontal shrinkage is

higher than the vertical

vertical
shrinkage, the warpage

l
b

60
result has a negative sign.

60 2,5

horizontal

Warpage Horizontal (%) Vertical (%) Total (%)

PV Fast Yellow H9G 2,87 2,84 - 2,24
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Warpage
Examples for critical applications

• Bottle crates
• Pallets
• Containers
• Boxes
• Trays
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Clariant’s low warping pigments range

Pigment Color Index Warpage class
PV Fast Yellow H9G P.Y.214 2

PV Fast Yellow H4G P.Y.151 2

PV Fast Yellow H2G P.Y.120 1

PV Fast Yellow HG/ HG 01 P.Y.180 1

PV Fast Yellow H2GR P.Y.191 1

PV Fast Yellow HGR P.Y.191 1

Graphtol Yellow H2R P.Y.139 2

PV Fast Yellow H3R P.Y.181 1

PV Fast Orange H4GL 01 P.O.72 1

PV Fast Orange H2GL P.O.64 2

PV Fast Orange 6RL P.O.68 1

Graphtol Red HFG P.O.38 2

PV Fast Red HGR P.R.285 1

Graphtol Red LG P.R.53:1 2

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Clariant’s low warping pigments range

Pigment Color Index Warpage class

Graphtol Red F3RK 70 P.R.170 2

PV Fast Red HB P.R.247 1

Graphtol Fire Red 3RLP P.R.48:3 1

Graphtol Red F5RK P.R.170 2

Graphtol Red P2B P.R.48:2 1

PV Fast Red HF4B P.R.187 1

Graphtol Carmine HF4C P.R.185 1

PV Fast Red E4G P.V.19 1

Graphtol Carmine HF3C P.R.176 1

PV Fast Red E3B P.V.19 2

PV Fast Red E5B P.V.19 2

PV Fast Pink E P.R.122 1

PV Fast Pink E 01 P.R.122 1

PV Fast Violet ER P.V.19 2

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9/2010

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