Please place your Name Here: Staci Blum

Students, this exam consist of 15 total response items but the total number of points
awarded for each question varies so please give careful attention to this. Please complete
and submit the mid-term exam along with your week four assignment to the Week 4
Written Assignment - Descriptive Epidemiology drop box by 11:59 on Sunday of week
four. I will be available all week if you have any questions.

1. Match the following individuals with their contributions to the field of epidemiology.
20 Points: (please see options below and fill in the4 blanks)
a. Hypothesized that disease might be associated with the physical environment;
distinguished between epidemic and endemic ____Hippocrates______
b. Credited with "modern epidemiology" methods and provided the foundation for
the classification of diseases (ICD system). ________William Farr_____________
c. Used cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox after noting the low rate of the latter
among dairy maids. _____Edward Jenner________
d. The "Columbus" of biostatistics, he used mortality data to show cause of death.
___John Graunt______
e. First to perform an experimental study to examine potential preventive
measures for scurvy among seafarers. ______James Lind_________
f. Developed a set of postulates for causation including the theory that micro-
organisms must be observed in every case of the disease, and must be able to be
isolated and grown in culture. ___Robert Koch______
g. Early epidemiologists who used maps and case definitions to examine a cholera
outbreak in London. _____John Snow______
h. Developed a set of criteria for assessing causation ___Sir Austin Bradford Hill___
i. Established the Epidemic Intelligence Service at the Centers of Disease Control
___Alexander Langmuir____
j. Discovered the cure for pellagra ___Joseph Goldberger______

Response Options:

Joseph Goldberger
John Graunt
Sir Austin Bradford Hill
James Lind
Robert Koch
Hippocrates
William Farr
Edward Jenner
Alexander Langmuir
John Snow
2. What are the 3 main elements of descriptive epidemiology? (Highlight each
correct choice)
5 points

Response Options:

a. Randomization
b. Determinants
c. Place
d. Person
e. Significance
f. Time
g. Distribution
h. Direction
i. Causation
j. Magnitude
k. Deterrents

3. What are the 3 main elements of the definition of epidemiology? (Highlight each
correct choice)
5 points

Response Options:

a. Distribution
b. Significance
c. Place
d. Determinants
e. Causation
f. Magnitude
g. Person
h. Deterrents

4. Match the following measures of disease burden (5 points) (Fill in the Blank):
a. Newly diagnosed cases __Incidence______
b. All cases of a disease, regardless of new or old diagnosis __Prevalence___
c. All the cases of a disease at an exact date or time ___Point Prevalence___
d. All the cases of a disease within a time frame (eg. all cases between March and
May 2013) ___Period Prevalence___
Response Options:
Prevalence
Point Prevalence
Incidence
 Period Prevalence
5. What is the proportion of True Positives among all those who test positive? (Fill in
the Blank) ___(B) Positive Predictive Value____ (5 points)

Select one:
a. Sensitivity
b. Positive Predictive Value
c. Specificity
d. Negative Predictive Value

6. What is the proportion of True Negatives among all those who test negative? (Fill in
the Blank) ____(C) Negative Predictive Value____ (5 points)

Select one:
a. Specificity
b. Sensitivity
c. Negative Predictive Value
d. Positive Predictive Value

7. What is the proportion of True Negatives among all those who do not have the
disease? (Highlight the Correct Response)
5 points

Select one:
a. Sensitivity
b. Specificity
c. Positive Predictive Value
d. Negative Predictive Value

8. A new blood test has been developed to identify if children have asthma Of the 518
children that were tested in a pediatric practice, 44 had asthma, but only 36 tested
positive for it. Of the 474 children who did not have asthma, 18 had a mistakenly
positive test result. What is the sensitivity of the test? (Highlight the Correct
Response)

5 points

Choices: Sensitivity = A/(A+C)

a. 0.82 = 36/(36+18)= 36/44 = 0.818
b. 0.67
c. 0.98
d. 0.96
9. A new blood test has been developed to identify if children have asthma Of the 518
children that were tested in a pediatric practice, 44 had asthma, but only 36 tested
positive for it. Of the 474 children who did not have asthma, 18 had a mistakenly
positive test result. What is the specificity of the test? (Highlight the Correct
Response)

5 points

Select one: Specificity = D/(D+B)

a. 0.67 = 456/(456+18) = 456/474 = 0.962
b. 0.96
c. 0.82
d. 0.98

10. A new blood test has been developed to identify if children have asthma Of the 518
children that were tested in a pediatric practice, 44 had asthma, but only 36 tested
positive for it. Of the 474 children who did not have asthma, 18 had a mistakenly
positive test result. What is the positive predictive value of the test? (Highlight the
Correct Response)

5 points

Choices: (+) Predictive Value = A/(A+B)

Select one: = 36/(36+18) = 36/54 = 0.666
a. 0.98
b. 0.82
c. 0.67
d. 0.96
11. A new blood test has been developed to identify if children have asthma Of the 518
children that were tested in a pediatric practice, 44 had asthma, but only 36 tested
positive for it. Of the 474 children who did not have asthma, 18 had a mistakenly
positive test result. What is the negative predictive value of the test? (Highlight the
Correct Response)

5 points

Choices: (-) Predictive Value = D/(C+D)

Select one: = 456/(8+456) =456/464 = 0.982
a. 0.67
b. 0.82
c. 0.98
d. 0.96
12. The average rate of annual maternal-infant deaths in the region was 137 per 10,000
and was expected to remain steady every year. These figures were adjusted based
on new age-distribution of the population following an explosive birth rate. After
the adjustment was put into place, the number of maternal-infant deaths were
observed to drop to 97. What is the SMR due to the new initiative that was put into
place? ____________________________________ (Highlight the Correct Response)

5 points

Select one: SMR = Observed Deaths in Study Population

a. 1.41 Deaths Expected Based on Mortality Rates in Reference Population
b. 0.82 = 97/137 = 0.708
c. 0.29
d. 0.71
13. What is "reliability" in a study? (choose all that apply) 10 Points

Select one or more (highlight the correct responses):

a. Degree to which different questions in a survey agree with one another when they
are measuring the same attribute/variable.
b. Degree to which different test givers or interviewers will rate the same
person or test the same way given proper training.
c. Can only be evaluated if a "Gold Standard" exists.
d. The ability of a test to get the same result over and over again.
e. The ability of the test to get the true value (the bull's eye).
f. It is also known as precision.
g. Also known as accuracy.
h. Two categories include "content" and "criterion-referenced"

14. What is "validity" in a study? (choose all that apply) (highlight the correct
responses) 10 Points

Select one or more:

a. The ability of the test to get the true value (the bull's eye).
b. The ability of a test to get the same result over and over again.
c. Degree to which different questions in a survey agree with one another when they
are measuring the same attribute/variable.
d. It is also known as precision.
e. Two categories include "content" and "criterion-referenced"
f. Degree to which different test givers or interviewers will rate the same person or
test the same way given proper training.
g. Also known as accuracy.
h. Can only be evaluated if a "Gold Standard" exists.
 15. The Cook County Health Department reported 45 new cases of diabetes in the first
half of 2012 and 50 additional cases during the second half of the year. The
population of the Cook County was 507,000 at the beginning of the year and
515,000 at the end of the year. Calculate the Incidence Rate for Diabetes in Cook
County in 2012? (5 Points) Provide the correct response below:

45/507,000 = 0.000088757 x 100,000 = 8.88

50/515,000 = 0.000097087 x 100,000 = 9.71

45 + 50_________________ = 95____________ = 95_______

507,000 + 515,000/2 1,022,000/2 511,000

= 0.0001859099 x 100,000 = 18.59

Good work Staci! SCORE: 20/20 A

END OF TEST