SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MA16151 MATHEMATICS – I
(ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017)
WORKSHEET
UNIT: III APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
PART- A
1. Define curvature of a plane curve and what is the curvature of a straight line? [Ans:0]
2. Prove that the radius of curvature of a circle is its radius.
3. Find the curvature of the following curves:
i) x 2  y 2  25 at (3,  4). [Ans: 1 5 ]
ii) x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  10  0 at any po int on it. [Ans: 1 3]
4. Find the radius of curvature of the following curves:
i) xy  c 2 at (c, c) . [Ans: c 2 ]
ii) y  e at the po int whereit crossesthe y axis.
x
[Ans: 2 2 ]
iii) y  4ax at y  2a.
2
[Ans: 4a 2 ]
a x 3 3
3a
iv) y 2  at (a,0). [Ans: ]
x 2
 x
v) y  c cosh at the po int whereit crossesthe y axis. [Ans: c]
c
vi) y = log sec x at (x, y). [Ans: sec x]

vii) y = c log[sec(x/c)] at (x,y). [Ans: c sec(x/c)]

viii) x  t 2 , y  t at t  1. [Ans: 5 5 2 ]
5. Find the envelope of the following:
x y x2 y2
i) cos  sin  1, being the parameter. [Ans:   1]
a a a2 b2
x
ii)  yt  2c, t being the parameter. [Ans: xy  c 2 ]
t
a
iii) y  mx  , m being the parameter. [Ans: y 2  4ax ]
m
iv) x cos  y sin   a sec ,  beingthe parameter. [Ans: y 2  4a( x  a )]
v) y  mx  m 2  1, m being the parameter. [Ans: x 2  y 2  1]
6. Define evolutes and envelopes.
PART- B
 3a 3a  3 2
1. Find the radius of curvature of the curve x 3 + y 3 =3axy at the point  ,  [Ans:  = a]
 2 2 16
2. Find the radius of curvature at the origin for the curve x 3  y 3  2 x 2  4 y  3x  0. [Ans:125/64]
x y ab
3. Show that the measure of curvature of the curve + = 1 at any point is .
a b 2(ax  by) 3 / 2
4. Find the radius of curvature at the point (acos 3 θ, asin 3 θ ) on the curve x 2 / 3 +y 2 / 3 = a 2 / 3 .
[Ans:  = 3a sinθcosθ]
5. Show that the radius of curvature of the point θ on the curve x = 3a cosθ – a cos3θ,
y = 3a sinθ – a sin3θ is 3asinθ.
6. Prove that the radius of curvature at any point of the cycloid x = a(θ + sinθ), y = a(1- cosθ)
is 4acos(θ/2).
7. Find the radius of curvature at any point on the following curves:
(i) x = a(cost + t sint), y = a(sint – t cost) [Ans:  =at]
(ii) x = e t cost, y= e t sint [Ans:  = 2 e t ]
8. Find the points on the parabola y 2 = 4x at which the radius of curvature is 4 2 . [Ans: (1,±2)]
ax
9. If  is the radius of curvature at any point on (x,y) on the curve y = , then prove that
ax
2
 2   x  y 
2/3 2

  =   +   .
 a   y  x 
10. Find the centre of curvature of the following curves:
(a) x 2 = 4ay [Ans: (  2at 3 , 3at 2  2a )]
x2 y 2  a2  b2  3  a2  b2  3
(b) - = 1 at the point (asecθ, btanθ). [Ans.:   sec  ,    tan  ]
a2 b2  a   b 
1
 1 2
(c) x = 2cosθ + cos2θ, y=2sinθ + sin2θ at θ=π/2. [Ans: ( , ) ]
3 3
(d) x = a(θ – sinθ), y = a(1-cosθ). [Ans: a (  sin ),  a(1  cos )]
 43
(e) y = x 3 - 6x 2 +3x +1 at (1,-1). [Ans: -36, ]
6
x2 y2
11. If the centre of curvature of an ellipse   1 at one end of the minor axis lies at the other end,
a2 b2
prove that the eccentricity of the ellipse is 1 2 .
12. Show that the line joining any point  on the cycloid x  a (  sin  ), y  a (1  cos ) and its centre of
curvature is bisected by the line y  2a.
13. Find the equation of the circle of curvature of the curve of the following curves:
(i) xy =c 2 at (c, c) [Ans: (x-2c) 2 +(y-2c) 2 = 2c 2 ]
(ii) y 2 = 12x at (3,6) [Ans: x 2 +y 2 -30x+12y-27 = 0]


2
 3a  2
 Ans :  x    3a  a2
(iii) x + y = a at the point (a / 4, a / 4). + y   =
 4  4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
14. Show that the equation of the evolute of the curve x  y  a is ( x  y)  ( x  y)  2a .
3 3 3 3 3 3

15. Show that the equation of the evolute of the parabola y 2  4ax is 27ay 2  4( x  2a) 3 .
2 2 2
16. Prove that the evolute of the rectangular hyperbola xy  c 2 is ( x  y) 3  ( x  y) 3  (4c) 3 .
17. Show that the evolute of the cycloid x  a (t  sin t ), y  a (1  cos t ) is given by
x  a(t  sin t ), y  2a  a(1  cos t ).
   x
18. Prove that the evolute of the curve x  a cos  log tan , y  a sin is the catenary y  a cosh .
 2 a
19. Find the envelope of y cos  x sin  a cos 2 where  is a parameter.
2 2 2
[Ans: ( x  y)  ( x  y)  2a ]
3 3 3

20. Prove that the envelope of the family of straight lines y  mx  2am  am3 is 27ay 2  4( x  2a) 3 .
x2 y2
21. Find the envelope of the circles drawn on the radius vectors of the ellipse 2  2  1 as diameter.
a b
[Ans: ( x  y 2 ) 2  a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2 ]
2

x y
22. Find the envelope of the family of lines   1 where the parameters a and b are connected by the
a b
2 2 2
relation a 2  b 2  c 2 . [Ans: x 3  y 3  c 3 ]
x y
23. Prove that the envelope of the straight line   1 , where a and b are parameters that are connected
a b
by a  b  c is x+ y= c.
24. Find the evolute of the parabola y 2  4ax considering it as the envelope of its normal.
[Ans: 27ay 2  4( x  2a) 3 ]
x2 y 2
25. Find the evolute of the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1, treating it as the envelope of its normal.
a b
2 2 2
[Ans: (ax) 3  (by) 3  (a 2  b 2 ) 3 ]