Cyclic Symmetry Topics 0

ANSYS v7.
1 Modal
C li Symmetry:
Cyclic S t
Answers to
Common
Questions
© 2003 CAE Associates

ANSYS V7.1 Modal Cyclic
Symmetry:
Answers to Common Questions
Presented by:
Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.
October 10, 2003

Presentation Goals
z Present a Brief Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry.
z Address Common Questions Regarding the Procedures and the Related

Commands.
z Discuss Potential Ways to Check for Proper Execution of the Procedures.
z Outline Potential Approaches for Modeling of Shroud Connections Using

Cyclic Symmetry.
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Presentation Topics
z Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry

z Basic Assumptions/Restrictions
z Preprocessing Notes
— Sector Definition
— CYCLIC Command
— Recommended Checks
z Solution Notes
— CYCOPT Command
z Postprocessing Notes
— Unexpanded Results
— /CYCEXPAND Command
— CYCPHASE Command
— Working with Part of the Model
z Modeling Approaches for Shroud Interfaces
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Overview
z Many structural components possess geometric characteristics which are

repeated about an axis of symmetry (e.g. disks, gears, impellers). We can
define the structure in terms of a primary segment which is repeated at
equally spaced intervals about the symmetry axis. If the displacement
BC’s of all segments are identical with respect to the axis of symmetry, we
can analyze the entire structure in terms of the mass and stiffness
characteristics of a single segment.
z This technique is called cyclic symmetry.
z Its primary advantage is large savings in CPU/elapsed time and computer

resources.
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Overview
z A proper sector represents a pattern that, if repeated n times in a

cylindrical coordinate system, would yield the complete structure.
Single sector modeled Display full model results
Low Edge
High Edge
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Overview
z By using the ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry capability we can obtain

the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the entire structure for a
user-prescribed range of nodal diameters using the model of a single
sector. We can also perform Linear Buckling analysis using this
technique.
z Cyclic symmetry is implemented in

ANSYS by defining constraint
relationships between the high and
low edges of the basic sector.
z The basic sector is used twice to
satisfy the required constraint
relationship.
z The definition of the constraint
equations depends on the
"harmonic index" specified.
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Overview
z The relationship between harmonic index, k, and nodal diameter, d,

for a model consisting of n sectors is given by the following
equation:
d = m ⋅ n ± k ; m = 0,1,2,3K
For example, if there are 7 sectors (n = 7) and we specify k = 2,

ANSYS will obtain the solution for nodal diameters 2, 5, 9, 12, 16,
19, 23, . . .
z The harmonic index range is from 0 to n/2 ([n -1]/2 if n is odd).
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Overview
z The equation relating nodal diameter, harmonic index, and

number of sectors is shown in table form below:
Harmonic
Index Nodal Diameter
k d
0 0 n n 2n 2n . .
1 1 n-1 n+1 2n-1 2n+1 . .
2 2 n-2 n+2 2n-2 2n+2 . .
3 3 n-3 n+3 2n-3 2n+3 . .
4 4 n-4 n+4 2n-4 2n+4 . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
n/2 n/2 n/2 3n/2 3n/2 5n/2 . .
(n even)
(n-1)/2 (n-1)/2 (n+1)/2 (3n-1)/2 (3n+1)/2 (5n-1)/2 . .
(n odd)
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Overview
HID
N/2
18
N 2N
N/2 3N/2
18 22 40 58 62
ND
A graphical representation of the table on the previous page is shown by this sawtooth,from which the harmonic index,
required as input to ANSYS, can be determined by specifying the nodal diameter of interest.
For example, a 58E driver exciting a rotor with 40 blades will elicit responses of 18, 22, 58, and 62, … nodal diameters,
which will all be found in the ANSYS solution for harmonic index 18
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Overview
z There is no way to select results by nodal diameter – only

harmonic index.
z Actual nodal diameter (and ring) must be determined via

postprocessing of results.
z Normally, except for the first few nodal diameters, higher nodal
diameters occur at higher frequencies.
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
z Cyclic symmetry is supported for static, modal, and linear buckling

analyses.
z Sector model must be cyclically symmetric in any defined cylindrical

system.
z The angle, ∆θ spanned by the basic sector should be such that n =

360°/∆θ , where n is an integer.
z Contact (Node-to-node and surface-surface), constraint equations and

couples are permitted. They are automatically copied to the duplicate
sector.
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
z It is recommended that the basic sector should have matching right and left node
patterns, i.e. for each node with position (r, θ, z) on the right edge, there is a
corresponding node with position (r, θ +∆θ, z) on the left edge.
z If patterns do not match, ANSYS employs an unmatched-node algorithm (similar to

that of the CEINTF command) to connect dissimilar meshes.
z The edges may be of arbitrary shape.
z The edge components are

defined using the CYCLIC
command in either automatic
or manual mode.
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Procedure for Cyclic Symmetry Modal Analysis
z Modal Analysis:
— Define the basic sector.
— Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC),
then mesh or vice-versa.
— Apply boundary conditions, couples,
constraint equations etc.
— Specify MODAL analysis type and
mode extraction options.
— Define cyclic symmetry options,
including harmonic index range
(CYCOPT).
— Solve modal analysis
— Save database – now have 2 sectors
— Review results using CYCPHASE and
/CYCEXPAND tools.
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Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
z Static Analysis:
— Define the basic sector.
— Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC),
then mesh or vice-versa.
— Apply boundary conditions, couples,
constraint equations etc.
— Include large deformation effects, load
step options, etc.
— Turn prestress on manually if
SOLCON,OFF
— Define cyclic symmetry options
(CYCOPT).
— Solve static analysis
— Save database – now have 2 sectors
— Finish out of SOLUTION mode
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Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
z Modal Analysis:
— Re-enter SOLUTION mode.
— Specify MODAL analysis type and
mode extraction options.
— Modify boundary conditions, as
required. (Do not modify internal
CP’s or CE’s).
— Turn prestress effects on
(PSTRES,ON).
— Define harmonic index range
(CYCOPT).
— Solve the modal analysis.
— Review results using CYCPHASE and
/CYCEXPAND tools.
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General Procedure Notes
z Use release 7.1 documentation, as the procedure has changed

significantly from release 5.7.
— Advanced Guide > Chapter 6. Cyclic Symmetry Analysis.
z Make sure to save the database after the modal cyclic symmetry
solution.
— Results need not be stored in database
— Do not require one database for each harmonic index
— Undocumented procedure can be used if database is not available*
*Discussed later
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Preprocessing Notes – Sector Definition
Two options exist for identifying cyclic symmetry planes:

z Automatic Procedure:
— Issue the CYCLIC command to detect:
• the number of sectors
• the sector angle
• cyclic coordinate system
• cyclic boundaries
z Manual Procedure:
— Select nodes along the lowest θ angle.
— Create a component of nodes: Utility Menu > Select >
Comp/Assembly > Create Component…
— Select nodes along the highest θ angle.
— Create a component of nodes: Utility Menu > Select > DISC_M01L
Comp/Assembly > Create Component…
— Issue CYCLIC command specifying all fields DISC_M01H
— Be sure to select everything when done!
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z Manual procedure is generally the most reliable. Edge components

are usually readily available, since they were likely used to ensure
matching mesh on boundaries.
z If manual mode is used, make sure components are named properly

and that “low” and “high” edges are not reversed. Note that only one
pair is required unless different DOF behavior is required in various
regions (shrouds).
z Automatic mode can be used in the event that edge components are
difficult to define manually. In this case, it is usually best to input as
much information as is readily available:
— number of sectors (NSECTOR)
— the cyclic coordinate system (KCN)
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Preprocessing Notes – CYCLIC Command
CYCLIC, NSECTOR, ANGLE, KCN, NAME, USRCOMP

z Automatically detects the number of sectors (NSECTOR), the
sector angle (ANGLE), the cyclic coordinate system (KCN) and
the cyclic boundaries based upon the solid or finite element
model.
z KCN argument can be any defined cylindrical coordinate system
number (global or local).
z Sector Pairing is accomplished by defining edge components
— The naming convention for each low and high edge component pair
is:
NAME_MxxL and NAME_MxxH where NAME is the root component name
(default = ‘CYCLIC’) and xx is the component pair number (sequential,
starting at 01)
z USRCOMP is the number of pairs of user-defined low and high
edge components (default = 0, auto detection of sector edges).
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z Auto detection tries to use solid geometry if it is present. If user wants

auto-detection to use nodes they should delete all solid model data, or
manually specify edge components
z During CYCLIC’s matching up of AREA GROUPS from low to high (volume

model),it checks:
— surface area matches within length tolerance squared
— extreme keypoint locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z
— extreme keypoint locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
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z During CYCLIC’s matching up of LINE GROUPS from low to high (area

model), it checks:
— length matches within length tolerance

— extreme keypoint locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z
— extreme keypoint locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
z During CYCLIC’s matching up of ELEMENT FACE GROUPS from low to

high (non-solid model), it checks:
— surface area matches within length tolerance squared

— extreme node locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z
— extreme node locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
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z As of Version 7.1 ANSYS now correctly auto-detects mixed solid-shell

models
******************************************************
****** COMPUTED QUANTITIES ***************************
******************************************************
* NUMBER OF SECTORS = 10 *
* SECTOR ANGLE = 36.000 *
* CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM = 1 *
* EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN AREAS *
* LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01L MATCHED *
* HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01H *
* EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN LINES *
******************************************************
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z If the CYCLIC command is issued prior to meshing:

— Subsequent mesh (VMESH or AMESH only) will have matching nodes at the high
and low edges.
— If line divisions are to be specified, they must be defined on the “high”
component.
— Currently, volume sweep meshing (VSWEEP) is not supported for CYCLIC
generated meshes.
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Preprocessing Notes – Recommended Checks
z Most errors in cyclic symmetry analysis are caused by improper definition

of Low and High components or by conflicting CE’s or CP’s involving these
components.
— Is number of nodes identical on each boundary component?

— Is number of nodes in each boundary component consistent with what is
expected?
— Is number of components > 99?
— Is cyclic coordinate system consistent with what is expected?
— Is number of sectors consistent with what is expected?
— Nodes involved in coupling and/or constraint equations should generally not be
in the sector boundary components. If this occurs,check thoroughly.
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
z Cyclic symmetry options specified using

CYCOPT
z Menu Path is
Solution > Cyclic Options…
— CYCOPT, OPTION, Value1, Value2,…, Value7
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CYCOPT, OPTION, Value1, Value2, Value3, Value4, Value5, Value6, Value7

z If OPTION = HINDEX:
— Harmonic index range of Value1 through Value2 in steps of Value3.
— Value4 = blank adds this range to the set to solve.
— Value4 = -1 removes this range from the set to solve.
— Repeat CYCOPT to add/remove other harmonic indexes.
z If OPTION = DOF:
— Value1 is the component pair ID number.
— Value2 – Value7 are the constraint equation/coupling degrees of freedom
(DOF) for this pair.
— Repeat CYCOPT to specify additional DOF’s.
z Other valid inputs for OPTION are STATUS and DEFAULT.
— Remaining fields are ignored.
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z If OPTION = NONR:
— Value1 = 1 do not rotate nodes on sector boundaries into cyclic coordinate
system.
— This is commonly used in conjunction with CYCOPT,DOF,… to apply cyclic
symmetric boundary conditions for specified directions across the sector
boundaries.
— Note this option suppresses ALL nodal rotations on sector boundaries
therefore, any sector edge nodes which need to be rotated into the cyclic
coordinate system must be rotated manually before solution.
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z If OPTION = TOLER:
— The tolerance used to determine whether a node on the low edge is
paired with a node on the high edge.
— Value1 > 0 = The absolute distance tolerance for automatic sector-
boundary detection and low/high edge component node pairing.
— Value1 < 0 = The relative tolerance for automatic sector boundary
detection and low/high edge component node pairing. The tolerance is
Value1*Length where Length is the length of the diagonal of an imaginary
box enclosing the model.
— The default tolerance is –1.0E-04 (also represented by Value1 = 0)
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z If OPTION = MOVE:
— Flag specifying whether ANSYS should move the high or low edge
component nodes paired within the specified tolerance (TOLER) to
create precisely matched pairs.
— Value1 = 0 do not move edge component nodes. This is the default.
— Value1 = 1 or HIGH to move the high edge component nodes to
precisely match the low edge component nodes.
— Value1 = -1 or LOW to move the low edge component nodes to
precisely match the high edge component nodes.
z A typical command sequence to ensure node compatibility

between the high and low sector edges would be to issue the
CYCOPT,TOLER,TOL command followed be a CYCOPT,MOVE,1 or
CYCOPT,MOVE,-1 command.
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Solution Notes
z Solve the modal analysis using SOLVE command.
z After clicking OK, ANSYS generates the duplicate sector and the proper
constraint equations and solves the eigenvalue problem for each
harmonic index, k, specified by the user.
z Note that a separate modal analysis will be performed at this time for
each harmonic index using the modal analysis and cyclic symmetry
options defined previously.
z The results file will contain the results for each harmonic index as a
separate load step.
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Solution Notes
z Will generally need to extract twice the number of modes expected in a

frequency range, since modes will occur in pairs. Exceptions are harmonic
index 0 and N/2.
z When looking for nodal diameters higher than the harmonic index, make
sure to extract more modes or modify frequency range for search, as
these modes will generally appear at higher frequencies.
z Currently ANSYS does not automatically select the corresponding part of

the duplicate sector when operating on only a portion of the model.
— OUTRES,,,COMP will not be useful unless components contain corresponding

duplicate sector entities. Need to run dummy static run to generate duplicate
sector and then create components.
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Solution Notes – Recommended Checks
z Check constraint equation summary in output file:
NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 124 (USING THE

MATCHED NODES ALGORITHM -- MAX NODE LOCATION ERROR NEAR
ZERO)
Meaning: 124 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to enforce
cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge nodes. Every
node on the low edge is precisely matched to a corresponding node on the
high edge, representing the best possible situation.

MATCHED NODES ALGORITHM -- MAX NODE LOCATION ERROR =
0.73906E-02)
Meaning: 124 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to enforce
cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge nodes. Every
node on the low edge is matched to a corresponding node on the high edge
within the current tolerance setting, but not all matches are precise. The
largest position mismatch is 0.0073906.
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Solution Notes – Recommended Checks
z Check constraint equation summary in output file:

UNMATCHED NODES ALGORITHM)
Meaning: 504 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to
enforce cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge
nodes. At least one node on the low edge does not match any node on the
high edge within the current tolerance setting, so
z Carefully check errors and warnings about CE’s or CP’s
z Use /DEBUG,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 (15 commas) to have ANSYS print the

CE’s that are generated to the output file if you think there is a
problem.
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Postprocessing Notes
z Use the General Postprocessor (/POST1)

z Four main steps:
— List frequencies and read in results set (SET command)
— Display results on full 360° model (/CYCEXPAND).
— Perform a phase sweep of repeated mode shapes to determine the possible
min/max displacements/stresses/strains values and phase angle at which
they occur (CYCPHASE).
— Animate the traveling mode shape (ANCYC).
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Postprocessing Notes
z List frequencies:
— General Postproc > Results Summary
— Each harmonic index is stored as a
separate load step.
Harmonic index 0, modes 1-5
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Postprocessing Notes – Unexpanded Results
z Prior to expansion, the results for each mode consist of results for both the
original sector, often referred to as the real or cosine part of the solution, and
the duplicate sector, often referred to as the imaginary or sine part of the
solution.
z The results for the duplicate sector are zeroed out for harmonic indices 0 and
N/2.
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Imaginary Part
Real Part
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z When reviewing unexpanded results ANSYS displays the warning:
— The mode shapes are normalized to the mass of the 2 sectors (not the full
360° mass). Divide by SQRT(N/2) to make it consistent with full 360.
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
z To turn expansion on, type the command /CYCEXPAND,,ON. ( General

Postproc > Cyclic Analysis > Cyc Expansion )
z All displays will now be graphically expanded to a full 360º image, by default.
z No new underlying nodes or elements will be defined for the model. Use of the
/CYCEXPAND command does not change the database. The command does
not modify the geometry, nodal displacements or element stresses.
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z For /CYCEXPAND to work properly, the database must be saved subsequent to

the modal analysis.
z An undocumented option in ANSYS 7.1 allows the user to read results directly
from results file. Database is not required.
— Issue a SET command with out a RESUME will pull geometry (base and duplicate
sector) from RST file.
— /CYCEXPAND, and other cyclic symmetry commands are not displayed in the menu
when using this method
— Issue /CYCEXPAND,,ON manually
— Gives warning
— Refreshing the menu will now display cyclic commands.

— /CYCEXPAND,,EDGE has no effect
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z The /CYCEXPAND verifies a cyclically symmetric model by graphically expanding it

partially or through the full 360°.
z For nodal or element solution plots (PLNSOL, PLESOL), the command graphically
expands displacements, stresses and strains of a cyclically symmetric model
partially or through the full 360° degrees by combining the real or cosine (original
nodes and elements) and imaginary or sine (duplicate nodes and elements) parts
of the solution.
z For the print nodal solution operation (PRNSOL), expands the printed output of
displacements or stresses on a sector-by-sector basis.
z The command affects element and result plots only. It has no effect on operations
other than plot element solution (PLESOL), plot nodal solution (PLNSOL) and print
nodal solution (PRNSOL). All other operations, such as NSEL and NSORT continue to
operate on the unprocessed real and imaginary parts of a cyclic symmetry
solution.
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Postprocessing Notes – Plotting and Printing
z Plotting (PLNS, PLES)

THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES
and Listing (PRNS) ***** POST1 NODAL STRESS LISTING *****
NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR CYCLIC SECTOR 4 - PHASE ANGLE = 0.000
results with
LOAD STEP= 2 SUBSTEP= 1
/CYCEXPAND on: FREQ= 771.19 LOAD CASE= 0
NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR MATERIAL 1
— Use PowerGraphics NODE SX SY SZ SXY SYZ SXZ
procedures 281 -2.2731 2.2952 0.36382E-01 0.94864 -0.27006E+07 0.90078E+06
284 0.33201E+07 0.91101E+07 1.2438 0.54312E+07 -76371. 0.53057E+06
— Show results for as 285 -2.6673 -2.4419 1.2439 -1.8760 -76371. 0.53057E+06
many sectors as
specified on /CYCEXP THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN COORDINATE SYSTEM 1
***** POST1 NODAL STRESS LISTING *****
— Use current RSYS NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR CYCLIC SECTOR 4 - PHASE ANGLE = 0.000
— Averaging at sector LOAD STEP= 2 SUBSTEP= 1

FREQ= 771.19 LOAD CASE= 0
boundaries based on NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR MATERIAL 1
/CYCEXP,EDGE key NODE SX SY SZ SXY SYZ SXZ

281 0.85797 -0.83585 0.36382E-01 -2.3238 0.26121E+06-0.28349E+07
— PRNS lists complete 284 0.15515E+06 0.12275E+08 1.2438 -0.10750E+07-0.25008E+06-0.47413E+06
results repeated for N 285 -0.80528 -4.3039 1.2439 -0.68689 -0.25007E+06-0.47413E+06
sectors
With CYCEXPAND,EDGE,1 RSYS,1
— Normalizes to full 360°
mass. 284 0.16096E+06 0.12104E+08 2.5915 -0.71828E+06-0.11392E+07-0.41714E+06
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/CYCEXPAND, -- , OPTION, Value1, Value2

z If OPTION = ON:
— Activates cyclic expansion using the previous settings (if any). If no
previous settings exist, this option activates the default settings.
z If OPTION = DEFAULT:
— Reset options to default settings.
z If OPTION = OFF:
— Deactivates cyclic expansion. (Default)
z If OPTION = STATUS:
— Lists the current cyclic expansion settings.
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z If OPTION = AMOUNT:
— Specify the number of repetitions (Value1 = NREPEAT)
• Value2 = number of repetitions (default is total number of sectors in 360° model)
— or the total angle (VALUE1 = ANGLE)
• Value2 = total angle in degrees. The default is 360°.
z If OPTION = WHAT:
— Expand a specified portion or subset of the model where Value1 is the
component name of elements to expand. Default is all selected components.
z If OPTION = PHASEANG:
— Value1 = the phase angle shift which is typically obtained via the CYCPHASE
command.
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
z Non-unique repeated modes are a consequence of the cyclically

symmetric geometry.
z A linear combination of the repeated modes is also a valid mode shape.
z To determine the peak values of stress, strain or displacement in the full

structure, it is necessary to calculate the mode shape at all possible
orientations using the CYCPHASE command.
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z Used to determine peak values of

displacement/stresses/strains at all 2
possible angular orientations.
(CYCPHASE):
— General Postproc > Cyclic Analysis > Cyclic
Phase > Phase Sweep…
— Note that the cyclic phase sweep is 3
only valid for harmonic index, h,
solutions in the range of
0<h< N
 n / 2, n even 1
N =
(n − 1) / 2, n odd
where n is the number of sectors.

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CYCPHASE, TYPE, Opt1

z If TYPE = DISP, STRESS, STRAIN or ALL:
— Maximum and minimum result quantities at each node in the basic sector model are
calculated by performing a phase angle sweep.
— Opt1 controls the sweep angle increment to use in the search
• Default is 1 degree.
• Maximum permitted value is 10 degrees.
• Minimum permitted value is 0.1 degrees.
z If TYPE = PUT:
— Puts the resulting sweep values over the results for the original sector model. This
allows the display of MAX or MIN values on the original sector without performing an
expansion.
— Opt1 controls which values are placed onto the model for results viewing
• Valid input for Opt1 is MAX or MIN.
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CYCPHASE, TYPE, Opt1

z Other valid inputs for TYPE are LIST, STATUS and CLEAR.
— Opt1 is ignored for these values of TYPE.
— LIST will display a listing of the results from the previous phase sweep.
— STATUS will give a summary of the results from the previous phase sweep
indicating the MAX and MIN values for each quantity in the phase sweep.
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z CYCPHASE,ALL (or DISP,STRESS,STRAIN)

— Calculates the maximum value of quantities that the sector will see as
the cyclic traveling wave passes through it.
• This is important and is the reason for the statement that the maximum
component value in a Cartesian direction may not be correct unless it falls in
the base sector.
• ANSYS is not listing the maximum value for the full 360º, it is listing the
maximum value for the base sector as the wave passes through it.
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Basic Sector
Summary of Modal Cyclic Symmetry Phase Angle Sweep
Load Step = 1 Sub Step = 1
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang (Deg)
UX: 10 -11.6257063 180.0000 10 11.6257063 0.0000
UY: 25 -2.51814374 180.0000 25 2.51814374 0.0000
UZ: 25 -2.09678143 0.0000 25 2.09678143 180.0000
USUM: 761 0 0.0000 10 11.9554596 0.0000
Max UY in RSYS,0 = 11.771
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z CYCPHASE,ALL (or DISP,STRESS,STRAIN)

— Loops through phase angles from 0 – 360 in user specified increment
(default = 1º ) and stores maximum value.
— Uses the following equation:
SectA * COS (Φ) − SectB * SIN (Φ)

— Normalizes to full 360° mass.
— The SectA and SectB values are extracted in the currently active RSYS,
which allows for review of peak component values in a system other
than Global Cartesian.
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MINIMUM MAXIMUM
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang CYCPHASE
(Deg)
Performed in RSYS,1
UX: 25 -0.88103405 259.0000 25 0.881034052 79.0000
UY: 10 -2.30264039 65.0000 10 2.30264036 245.0000
UZ: 25 -5.67450146 76.0000 25 5.67450154 256.0000
USUM: 1396 0.030109599 334.0000 25 6.15796647 258.0000

MINIMUM MAXIMUM
(Deg)
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang CYCPHASE
UX: 10 -2.30264036 245.0000 10 2.30264039 65.0000 Performed in RSYS,0
UY: 25 -1.00769854 260.0000 25 1.00769856 80.0000
UZ: 25 -5.67450146 76.0000 25 5.67450154 256.0000
USUM: 1396 0.030109599 334.0000 25 6.15796647 258.0000
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z CYCPHASE,LIST
— Lists the calculated maximum and minimum values and the phase angle
at which they occur
• List maximum and minimum value at each node in the basic sector.
• Mid-side node values are not available
— Mid-side node values are set to zero, and are not listed by CYCPHASE,LIST
• Once values are stored, RSYS has no effect on CYCPHASE,LIST
z CYCPHASE,STAT
— Lists the max and min for each component/invariant, the phase angle
and the nodes at which they occur.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z CYCPHASE,PUT,(Max or Min)
— “Puts” the CYCPHASE results back onto the basic sector for visualization
purposes.
— For plotting, ANSYS automatically:
• Unselects the duplicate sector
• Removes the /CYCEXPAND from plots
• Sets EFACET,1 (no mid-side node data available)
• Issues warning
— Plots or listings (using PRNS - not recommended) should only be viewed in

RSYS,0 regardless of what RSYS was used to generate the CYCPHASE
values. Any other RSYS will display invalid results.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Maximum Displacement and Phase Ang (Deg):

CYCPHASE,DISP
UX Phase UY Phase UZ Phase USUM Phase
Performed in RSYS,1
Node (Deg) (Deg) (Deg) (Deg)
25 0.88103 79.000 2.2874 270.000 5.6745 256.000 6.158 258.000
Results of CYCPHASE,LIST
at Node 25
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE
***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****
Results of PRNS in RSYS,1 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN COORDINATE
after CYCPHASE,PUT SYSTEM 1
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
25 -1.1355 -2.1723 5.6745 6.1813
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****
Results of PRNS in RSYS,0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL
COORDINATES
after CYCPHASE,PUT
25 0.88103 2.2874 5.6745 6.1813
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
— When plotting (PLNS) or listing (PRNS) results, the vector sum
displacement (USUM) and the stress intensity (SINT) quantities are not
valid.
• These quantities are recalculated from the components upon plotting or
listing. Thus, they may be combining components from different phase
angles.
• Use CYCPHASE,LIST to obtain the correct values for these quantities.
— When listing results (PRNS) the /CYCEXPAND information is not

automatically removed. The user should issue /CYCEXPAND,OFF
before using PRNS.
— Note: It is recommend to use CYCPHASE,LIST rather than PRNS to

obtain a listing of the CYCPHASE maximum or minimum quantities.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
— No additional post-processing should be done on a model that has been
updated with CYCPHASE,PUT without re-reading the results.
• Avoid: /CYCEXPAND, Additional CYCPHASE commands, etc.
• ANSYS displays a warning on each subsequent plot or list
• Issue a new SET command to re-read results into the database before
continuing to post-process.
• Make sure to issue ALLSEL to activate duplicate sector.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Working with Part of a Model
z Note that both CYCPHASE and /CYCEXPAND work on only the currently
selected parts of the model. ANSYS does not automatically select the
corresponding part of the duplicate sector when operating on only a
portion of the model. This is the user’s responsibility.
— CYCPHASE results will be incorrect unless the corresponding part of the

duplicate model is selected.
— CYCPHASE,PUT automatically unselects duplicate sector, so users should

issue ALLSEL before subsequent operations.
— Take special care if partial data has been written to the results file using
OUTRES,,,COMP.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Poatprocessing Notes – Recommended Checks
z Verify rotation of low and high components into cyclic CS by checking

nodal rotation angles.
z Do modes come in pairs, except harmonic index 0 and N/2?
z Are harmonic index 0 results identical for low and high components in
cyclic CS?
z Do harmonic index 0 results exactly match CPCYC results?
z Does expanded shape look correct?
z Nonzero nodal forces should generally appear on low and high

components.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
z Modeling of shroud interfaces with non-axial cuts requires special care.

z Different approaches exist for dealing with these interfaces in a modal
analysis:
1. Shrouds are completely locked.

2. Shroud interfaces are completely free.
3. Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free to slide
tangentially along their entire surface.
4. Shroud contact status determined by static analysis using contact elements
with friction. Subsequent modal analysis is conducted using conditions at the
end of the modal analysis.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Case 1 requires no special considerations for cyclic symmetry – shrouds

can be treated as integral and standard procedures apply.
z Case 2 requires no special considerations for cyclic symmetry – shroud

faces are not considered as part of edge components and left free.
z Cases 3 and 4 require special treatment if shroud contact surfaces are

also defined as edge components.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free
to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap).
z Approach A
HIGH
— Edge of sector consists of
shroud face nodes.
— Nodes on “low” edge manually
rotated into a CS with axes LOW
aligned normal and tangential
to shroud face.
— Nodes on “high” edge manually
rotated into a CS identical to
that of “low” edge, but rotated
by the sector angle about the
axis of symmetry.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
HIGH LOW
CS 22
CS 21
Local Z (CS 21, 22) is

normal to the shroud
surface
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
SYSTEM TYPE CENTER

21 0 (CARTESIAN) 1.759 14.897 2.000
22 0 (CARTESIAN) -3.442 14.600 2.000
SYSTEM ORIENTATION VECTORS (X,Y,Z)

21 0.39 -0.06 -0.92 0.12 0.99 -0.01 0.91 -0.11 0.39
22 0.38 0.08 -0.92 -0.23 0.97 -0.01 0.90 0.21 0.39
CSYS TYPE XC YC ZC THXY THYZ THZX

21 0 1.7590 14.897 2.0000 -6.987 -0.590 66.865
22 0 -3.4420 14.600 2.0000 13.013 -0.590 66.865
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY STATUS
******************************************************
****** CYCLIC SYMMETRY STORED QUANTITIES *************
******************************************************
* COMPONENT NAME ROOT = CYCLIC *
* DUPLICATE SECTOR DEFINED *

******************************************************
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Approach A (continued) LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY SOLUTION OPTION STATUS
— CYCOPT,NONR,… used to override

LIST OF CYCLIC SYMMETRY HARMONIC INDICES TO BE SOLVED
automatic rotation of edge nodes 0 THROUGH 2
into cyclic CS. NOTE: This will
require manual rotation of all CYCLIC SYMMETRY EDGE COMPONENT PAIR 1
edge nodes into the proper CS, TO USE DEGREES OF FREEDOM UZ ROTX
not only the shroud nodes.

CYCLIC SYMMETRY SPECIFIED DISTANCE TOLERANCE
— CYCOPT,DOF,… used to specify (RELATIVE) = 0.10000E-03
which DOF are to be connected.

USER WILL APPLY NODAL ROTATIONS TO ALL EDGE COMPONENT
In this case, only UZ and ROTX NODES
DOF (normal to shroud face) will (ALL AUTOMATIC ROTATIONS SUPPRESSED)
be tied together using cyclic

CE’s. All other DOF are not
considered as part of the edge,
allowing the faces to slide relative
to one another.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Approach A
(continued)
— Solution and
postprocessing
proceed as usual.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free
to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap).
z Approach B
HIGH
— Cut through shroud in a way
which assures shroud faces
DO NOT lie on the sector
edges. Sector angle must be
maintained, but edges need not
be straight.
— Nodes on shroud faces LOW
manually rotated into a CS with
axes aligned normal and
tangential to shroud face. Shroud
— Nodes on “high” and “low” Face
edges require no special
treatment.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
HIGH LOW
CS 21
Local Z (CS 21) is normal

to the shroud surface
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
SYSTEM TYPE CENTER

21 0 (CARTESIAN) 1.759 14.897 2.000
SYSTEM ORIENTATION VECTORS (X,Y,Z)

21 0.39 -0.06 -0.92 0.12 0.99 -0.01 0.91 -0.11 0.39
CSYS TYPE XC YC ZC THXY THYZ THZX

21 0 1.7590 14.897 2.0000 -6.987 -0.590 66.865
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY STATUS

******************************************************
****** CYCLIC SYMMETRY STORED QUANTITIES *************
******************************************************
* COMPONENT NAME ROOT = CYCLIC *
* DUPLICATE SECTOR NOT DEFINED *

******************************************************
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Approach B (continued) LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY SOLUTION OPTION STATUS
— Couple appropriate DOF on

LIST OF CYCLIC SYMMETRY HARMONIC INDICES TO BE SOLVED
shroud interface. In this case, 0 THROUGH 2
only UZ and ROTX DOF (normal
to shroud face) are coupled. All ALL CYCLIC SYMMETRY EDGE COMPONENT PAIRS
other DOF are not coupled, TO USE ALL ACTIVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM
allowing the faces to slide relative

CYCLIC SYMMETRY SPECIFIED DISTANCE TOLERANCE
to one another. (RELATIVE) = 0.10000E-03
MOST RECENTLY COMPUTED ABSOLUTE TOLERANCE =
— Use of CYCOPT,NONR and 0.68236E-03, BASED UPON MODEL SIZE = 6.8236
CYCOPT,DOF is not required.
EDGE COMPONENT NODES WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY ROTATED
INTO THE CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Approach B
(continued)
— Solution and
postprocessing
proceed as usual.
— Results are
identical to
Approach A
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.
z Although both approaches give the same results, Approach B has some
distinct advantages:
— Use of local CS for cyclic edges is not required.
— Approach A will become more complicated if there is a gap between the

shroud faces, since the sector angle from face to face may not result in a
repeatable sector. Approach B will have the gap internal to the sector and
does not suffer from this complication.
— Approach B can be easily extended for the situation where a static analysis
with contact is required to determine the shroud contact status for the modal
analysis (Case 4). Coupling equations are simply replaced by contact
elements interior to the sector. Trying to do this with Approach A will often be
much more difficult.
Copyright 2003
Associates, Inc.

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ANSYS v7.

© 2003 CAE Associates

October 10, 2003

z Present a Brief Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry.

z Address Common Questions Regarding the Procedures and the Related

z Discuss Potential Ways to Check for Proper Execution of the Procedures.

z Outline Potential Approaches for Modeling of Shroud Connections Using

z Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry

z Many structural components possess geometric characteristics which are

z This technique is called cyclic symmetry.

z Its primary advantage is large savings in CPU/elapsed time and computer

z A proper sector represents a pattern that, if repeated n times in a

Single sector modeled Display full model results

z By using the ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry capability we can obtain

z Cyclic symmetry is implemented in

z The relationship between harmonic index, k, and nodal diameter, d,

For example, if there are 7 sectors (n = 7) and we specify k = 2,

z The harmonic index range is from 0 to n/2 ([n -1]/2 if n is odd).

z The equation relating nodal diameter, harmonic index, and

z There is no way to select results by nodal diameter – only

z Actual nodal diameter (and ring) must be determined via

z Cyclic symmetry is supported for static, modal, and linear buckling

z Sector model must be cyclically symmetric in any defined cylindrical

z The angle, ∆θ spanned by the basic sector should be such that n =

z Contact (Node-to-node and surface-surface), constraint equations and

z If patterns do not match, ANSYS employs an unmatched-node algorithm (similar to

z The edges may be of arbitrary shape.

z The edge components are

z Use release 7.1 documentation, as the procedure has changed

Two options exist for identifying cyclic symmetry planes:

z Manual procedure is generally the most reliable. Edge components

z If manual mode is used, make sure components are named properly

CYCLIC, NSECTOR, ANGLE, KCN, NAME, USRCOMP

z Auto detection tries to use solid geometry if it is present. If user wants

z During CYCLIC’s matching up of AREA GROUPS from low to high (volume

z During CYCLIC’s matching up of LINE GROUPS from low to high (area

— length matches within length tolerance

z During CYCLIC’s matching up of ELEMENT FACE GROUPS from low to

— surface area matches within length tolerance squared

z As of Version 7.1 ANSYS now correctly auto-detects mixed solid-shell

z If the CYCLIC command is issued prior to meshing:

z Most errors in cyclic symmetry analysis are caused by improper definition

— Is number of nodes identical on each boundary component?

z Cyclic symmetry options specified using

CYCOPT, OPTION, Value1, Value2, Value3, Value4, Value5, Value6, Value7

z A typical command sequence to ensure node compatibility

z Solve the modal analysis using SOLVE command.

z Will generally need to extract twice the number of modes expected in a

z Currently ANSYS does not automatically select the corresponding part of

— OUTRES,,,COMP will not be useful unless components contain corresponding

z Check constraint equation summary in output file:

NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 124 (USING THE

NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 124 (USING THE

z Check constraint equation summary in output file:

NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 504 (USING THE

z Carefully check errors and warnings about CE’s or CP’s

z Use /DEBUG,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 (15 commas) to have ANSYS print the

z Use the General Postprocessor (/POST1)

Harmonic index 0, modes 1-5

Harmonic index 1, modes 1-5

Harmonic index 2, modes 1-5

Harmonic index 3, modes 1-5

Harmonic index 4, modes 1-5

z When reviewing unexpanded results ANSYS displays the warning: