Math 5C Discussion Problems 1: Selected Solutions

Line Integrals
Z
1. For each of the following, compute f ds.
C

(a) f (x, y) = 2x − y, C parametrized by r(t) = (et + 1, et − 2), 0 ≤ t ≤ ln 2

√
Solution. Since ds = kr0 (t)k dt = k(et , et )k dt = et 2 dt,
ln 2 √
ln 2 √ √ e2t
Z Z 
t t 11 2
f ds = (e + 4)e 2 dt = 2 + 4et =
C 0 2 0 2

(f) f (x, y, z) = (x + y + z)/(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), C is the straight-line path from (1, 1, 1) to (2, 2, 2)

√
Solution. Parametrize C as r(t) = (t, t, t), 1 ≤ t ≤ 2. Then ds = kr0 k dt = 3 dt.
Z Z 2√ √
3
f ds = dt = 3 ln 2
C 1 t

2. Let C be the circle of radius 4 centered at the origin in R2 . Without integrating, evaluate
Z
exp(x2 + y 2 ) ds.
C
Z Z
2 2 16
2 2
Solution. On C, x + y = 16. So exp(x + y ) ds = e ds = 8πe16 .
C C
Z
3. For each of the following, compute F · dr.
C

(a) F = (y 2 , −x2 ), C is the part of the parabola y = x2 from (−1, 1) to (1, 1)

Solution. Parametrize C as r(t) = (t, t2 ), −1 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then on C, F = (t4 , −t2 ) so

Z Z 1 Z 1
4 2 2
F · dr = (t , −t ) · (1, 2t) dt = (t4 − 2t3 ) dt =
C −1 −1 5

−y dx + x dy
Z
5. Evaluate , where C is the circle x2 + y 2 = 1, oreinted counterclockwise.
C x2 + y 2

Solution. Parametrize r(t) = (cos t, sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π. Then

2π
−y dx + x dy
Z Z
= dt = 2π
C x2 + y 2 0
Double Integrals
1. Evaluate the following integrals.
Z 1Z x
(a) cos(x2 ) dy dx
0 0
Z 1 Z x Z 1 x Z 1
sin 1
cos(x2 ) dy dx = y cos(x2 ) dx = x cos(x2 ) dx =

Solution. Compute:
0 0 0 0 0 2

3. Evaluate the following integrals. Consider interchanging the order of integration.

Z 1Z 1
4
(b) ex dx dy
0 y 1/3

Solution. The other order of integration is 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x3 (sketch a picture to see this).

Z 1Z 1 Z 1 Z x3 Z 1
x4 4 4 e−1
e dx dy = ex dy dx = x3 ex dx =
0 y 1/3 0 0 0 4
Z 1 Z 1 ZZ
4. Suppose that f (x) dx = A and g(y) dy = B. What is f (x)g(y) dA?
0 0 [0,1]2

Solution. ZZ Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 
f (x)g(y) dA = f (x) g(y) dx dy = g(y) f (x) dx dy
[0,1]2 0 0 0 0

The quantity in parentheses is a number, so it can pulled out of the y integral.

ZZ Z 1 Z 1  Z 1  Z 1 
f (x)g(y) dA = g(y) f (x) dx dy = f (x) dx g(y) dy
[0,1]2 0 0 0 0

7. For each of the following, evaluate the integral. Consider polar coordinates.
ZZ
(b) (x2 + y 2 )3/4 dA, where D is the disk centered at the origin with radius 4
D

Solution. In polar, D is given by 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π and 0 ≤ r ≤ 4.

ZZ Z 2π Z 4
512π
(x2 + y 2 )3/4 dA = r5/2 dr dθ =
D 0 0 7
ZZ
(f) (x2 + y 2 )−1/2 dA, where D is the unit disk centered at (1, 0)
D

Solution. Describing the circle: from (x − 1)2 + y 2 = 1 we get x2 + y 2 ≤ 2x, or r = 2 cos θ in polar
coordinates. Drawing a sketch helps to see how to use this: The disk is described by −π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π/2
and 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 cos θ.
ZZ Z π/2 Z 2 cos θ
(x2 + y 2 )−1/2 dA = dr dθ = 4
D −π/2 0
Surfaces and Their Integrals
1. For the surface parametrized by

x = cos v sin u, y = sin v sin u, z = cos u

with 0 ≤ u ≤ π and 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π, compute an expression for the unit normal vector in terms of u and v as
well as the surface area. Identify the surface.

Solution. Writing r(u, v) = (cos v sin u, sin v sin u, cos u) gives ru = (cos v cos u, sin v cos u, − sin u) and rv =
(− sin v sin u, cos v sin u, 0), so the unit normal is
ru × rv
= (cos v sin u, sin v sin u, cos u).
kru × rv k

The surface is a sphere.

5. Let S be the surface with x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 and z = x2 + y 2 .

(a) Find the area of S.

ZZ
(b) Evaluate z dσ.
S
ZZ
(c) Evaluate (x, y, z) · dA.
S

Solution. Parametrize S as r(u, v) = (u cos v, u sin v, u2 ), where 0 ≤ u ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π. Then

ru × rv = u(−2u cos v, −2u sin v, 1)

p
kru × rv k = u 1 + 4u2
√
So dσ = u 1 + 4u2 du dv and dA = u(−2u cos v, −2u sin v, 1) du dv (this makes the surface oriented
upward).
2π 1
π √
ZZ Z p Z 
area(S) = dσ = u 1 + 4u2 du dv = 5 5−1
S 0 0 6
ZZ Z 2π Z 1 p
π  √ 
z dσ = u3 1 + 4u2 du dv = 25 5 + 1
S 0 0 60
ZZ Z 2π Z 1
π
(x, y, z) · dA = −u3 du dv = −
S 0 0 2

p
9. Let S be the portion of the cone z = x2 + y 2 with 1 ≤ z ≤ 2 and downward-pointing normal vector.
Compute ZZ
(x2 , y 2 , z 2 ) · dA
S

Solution. Parametrize S as r(u, v) = (u cos v, u sin v, u), where 1 ≤ u ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π. Then ru × rv =
(−u cos v, −u sin v, u). However, this has the wrong orientation (we want a negative z component). To
obtain the correct answer, we multiply by −1:
ZZ Z 2π Z 2
(x2 , y 2 , z 2 ) · dA = − (u2 cos2 v, u2 sin2 v, u2 ) · (−u cos v, −u sin v, u) du dv
S 0 1
Z 2π Z 2
15π
= u3 (cos3 v + sin3 v − 1) du dv = −
0 1 2
Triple Integrals
1. Let R be the region bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, x + y = 1, and z = x + y.
ZZZ
(c) Evaluate z dV .
R
ZZZ Z 1 Z 1−x Z x+y
1
Solution. z dV = z dz dy dx =
R 0 0 0 8
p 2 2 2
4. Integrate x2 + y 2 + z 2 e−(x +y +z ) over the unit ball centered at the origin.

Solution. In spherical,
ZZZ p Z 2π Z π Z 1
2 2 2 2
x2 + y 2 + z 2 e−(x +y +z ) dV = ρ3 e−ρ sin φ dρ dφ dθ = 2π 1 − 2e−4


B 0 0 0

p
x2 + y 2
ZZZ
2
7. Evaluate e−z dV .
R3 1 + (x2 + y 2 )3/2

Solution. In cylindrical,
p 2π ∞ ∞ 2
x2 + y 2 r2 e−z
ZZZ Z Z Z
−z 2
e dV = dz dr dθ
R3 1 + (x2 + y 2 )3/2 0 0 −∞ 1 + r3
Z 2π Z ∞ 2
√
r π
= dr dθ
0 0 1 + r3
√ ∞
2π π 3 

= ln(1 + r )
3 0
=∞