Investment in Sudan

Sudan is a rich country in terms of natural resources.

It has vast arable lands, diversified climates, abundant
water, big animal wealth, oil, and a distinguished geo-
graphical location.
Because of these economic factors, in addition to
the completion of peace process between the govern-
ment and the SPLM, the Sudan became the third coun-
try on the list of the world’s most investment attractive
countries.

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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
Attractive Investment Factors
* The country’s strategic location: it repre-
sents an entrance to the African continent
from the east direction, is neighboring nine
African countries and facing the Red Sea a
matter that renders it a center for the inter-
national markets
* Has rich natural resources such as arable
lands, forests, pasture, animal wealth, gold,
and oil in addition to a trained and low-paid
labor force.
* There are infrastructure and services
facilitates which could be modernized
such as roads, railways, airways, sea
ports, free zones, electricity, banking
sector, qualified educational and health
institutions.
* The country enjoys political stability, par-
ticularly after the realization of peace in
southern Sudan.
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Developments in Economic Policies

Sudan has witnessed during the era of

the National Salvation Revolution remarkable
development in all fields due to the implemen-
tation of a series of policies and plans includ-
ing the privatization policy.
Among the economic performance indi-
cators are a 23% increase in the gross do-
mestic product (GDP) by the end of 2004, the
exchange rate in 2005 is 233 Sudanese dinars
against the dollar and the inflation rate for the
same year stood at 8%.
The approved investment projects for
the first quarter of the year 2005 are equiva-
lent to more than 2000 million dollars.
The⁄national projects (434 projects) exceeded
$ 1000.4 million, foreign investors (27
projects) $ 255 million and joint investments
(24 projects) $ 423 million for the same pe-
riod.
Oil revenues became a major source of
the GDP, contributing 49% of the total GDP
in the year 2004, compared to 5.9% in 1999.
The Sudan economic relations with the
international financing institutions have been
normalized after a boycott since 1984. The
country regained its full membership with the

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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)

IMF in the year 2000 as well as with the Arab
financing funds and institutions. Accordingly,
the Arab funds offered over $ 650 million in
loans for funding Merawe Dam Project. The
United Nations specialized agencies have
started since the 1990s to provide the equiva-
lent of $ 300 million annually.
Foreign loans and grants rose from $428
million in 2000 to $853 million in 2004. China
topped the list of the Sudan funding countries.
The repayment of urgent debts totaled 355
million dollars in 2004.

Balance of Trade (millions of dollar):

2002 2003 2004
Exports value 1,949,1 542,202 2,719,125
Oil products 1,510,9 2,047,7 2,195,790
Non-oil products 438,42 494,5 523,335
Imports value 2,446,4 2,881,9 2,901,685
Balance of trade 497,3 339,7 182,560
Source: The Bank of Sudan’s annual report, 2003Æ

Exports:
The Sudan exports the following com- gum arabic, sugar, meat, groundnuts, hides,
modities: oil products, gold, sesame, cotton, live animals, sorghum…etc.
Exports Values for the years 2002/2004 (millions of dollar):
- 1,949,115 (2002)
- 2,542,176 (2003)
- 2,719,125 (until September 2004)

5
Investment Encouragement
Acts and Regulations:
Investment Encouragement Act was
issued in 1999 and amended in 2003.
Hereunder are some important features of
the Act:
- Complete exemption from customs du-
ties for capital projects.
- Freedom of capital transfer.
- Simplify procedures through a single
outlet (one stop shop).
- 5 to 10 years exemptions from profit taxes
for investment projects.
- Customs exemptions for strategic
projects and non-strategic goods.
- Strategic projects are given the neces-
sary land free-of-charge.
- Non-strategic projects are given land at
an encouragement price.
- The investor has the right to operate with-
out a Sudanese partner.
- No confiscation of property will occur ex-
cept through the legal system and after
payment of a reasonable compensation.
- The investor has the right to re-transfer
the capital in case the project isn’t ex-
ecuted or is liquidated.
- Transfer of profits and costs of finance
will be executed in the currency of import
and on the date due (after payment of the
legal duties).
- The project will be automatically included
in the registry of importers and exporters.
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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
Free Zones
The government established two
free zones: Suakin on the coast of the
Red Sea and Al-Gaily, near Khartoum.
The Free Zones and Markets Act
for 1994 includes the following
privileges:
- The right of full possession for foreign
investors.
- Complete exemption from income tax
for foreigners who work at the free zones
and markets.
- Complete exemption from all taxes for
15 (renewable) years for the companies.
- Freedom of capital and profits transfer.
- Freedom of employing local and foreign
staff.
- No restrictions on entry and residence
visas.
7
Potential Market
With 33 million consumers inside
the Sudan plus consumers of the
neighboring countries, the real size of
the market will be about 400 million
consumers.
Regional and International
Agreements
For enhancing investment
atmosphere the Sudanese Government
signed a number of regional and
international agreements:
- Border commerce agreements and
trade protocols with the neighboring
countries.
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- Sudan is member of COMESA.
- It makes efforts to join the International
Trade Organization and the Arab Free
Trade Organization.
The Private Sector
The private sector in Sudan is
competent and is keen to participate in
development projects.
The sector’s trade and industry
chambers provide the investors with the
required investment information.
According to the government
policies, this sector will be depended on
by 75% to carry out development
projects during the post war period.
Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)

Fields of INVESTMENT IN
Investment in AGRICULTURAL
Sudan FIELDS
Agriculture is the most important economic
resource in Sudan. Some 44% of the gross
a) Electricity projects domestic product in the year 2004 came from
b) Water and irrigation projects agriculture. The majority of the population depends
c) Metals. on this sector. The Sudan is considered one of three
d) Sea ports projects. countries that represent the major strategic food
e) River, air, and railways transporta-
tion projects.
f) Roads and bridges.
g) Partnerships with Sudatel.
h) Tourism projects.
i) Projects of the ministries of “Culture,
Youth and Sport“⁄and “Science and
Technology“.
j) Projects of State of Khartoum in the
fields of roads, bridges and waste-
water.
k) Animal Wealth projects.
l) Agriculture projects.
m) Projects of the River Nile and Red
Sea States.
n) Free zones projects.

9
security sites in the world. The country has a vast
arable land that estimated to reach 84 million
hectare besides diversified soils and climates.
Therefore, investment should be maximized in this
field to boost the country’s development and help
in the restructuring of its economy.
The arable land in Sudan is estimated at
about 200 million feddans and only 30%
approximately was being exploited.
The most important irrigated scheme in
Sudan is Gazeera Scheme. Expanding on nearly
2,1 million feddans it is considered the largest
irrigated farm in the world.
The Sudan is known for its big wealth of
water which comes from rain, rivers and
underground resources. The country’s quota of
Nile water is 18,5 billion cubic meters.
The forests cover 22% of the Sudan’s area
(53 million hectares) mostly in the South.
Projects Opportunities:
There are so many investment
opportunities in the agricultural field including the
following:
10
1. Irrigated agricultural projects on the banks of
the White and Blue Niles (cotton, groundnuts,
wheat, sugar- cane, vegetables, fruits,
spices).
2. Irrigation projects.
3. Underground water ≠ irrigated agricultural
projects.
4. Introduction of animal husbandry to the
agricultural rotation.
5. Investment in horticultural field.
6. Investment in irrigated agriculture’s supporting
projects.
7. Rehabilitation and reorganization of rain-fed
agricultural projects.
8. Establishment of new projects in the field of
cash crops such as oil seeds, cotton and
sorghum.
9. Cattle and meat marketing and expansion in
poultry projects.
10. Dairy projects particularly in the plain areas
of central Sudan
11. Fishing companies that apply modern
techniques.
Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
Energy and Mining
The Ministry of Energy and Mining
announced that oil and gas deposits have
been discovered in the central, eastern,
northern and western parts of Sudan. For-
eign companies have started oil explora-
tion in block (9), which expands in both
Khartoum and Gezira States besides parts
of the Blue Nile and the Nile States, block
(8) in Sinnar and the Blue Nile States,
block (12) in Darfur and block (15) in the
Red Sea State.
The companies involved are Zaffir
(Pakistan)⁄Sudapet ( Sudan) Petronas
(Malaysia) the Technology Group and
other Chinese and Nigerian companies.
Oil exploration processes in Sudan have
been concentrated during the period 1996-
2004 whereas a number of contracts have
been signed with different companies.
The most important contract is the
one that led to the formation of the Greater
Nile Petroleum Operating Company in July
1997; a consortium that comprised the
Chinese National Petroleum Corporation
(CNPC), Petronas, ONGC and Sudapet.
As a result, the production rate in Higleeg
and Unity blocks in southern Sudan rose
from 140,000 barrels per day (bpd) to
300,000 bpd⁄currently.
Investment boomed in all sectors par-
ticularly the oil sector in which more than
2.5 billion dollars have been invested.
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 In 1996, Higleeg ≠ Bashayer pipeline bpd in 1999 and rose to 300,000 bpd in
was opened to carry the crude oil from the 2004. Refineries have been established
production site to the seaport for exporta- in Khartoum, Al-Obied and Port-Sudan.
tion. With 1610 kilometers in length, it is Bashair1 port was established in
considered one of the longest pipelines in 1999 for exporting crude oil with the stor-
Africa. Its designing capacity is 450,000 age capacity of 3.2 million barrels and work
bpd. The oil pumping started with 150,000 is underway to build Bashair 2 with stor-
age capacity of 3 mil-
lion barrels in the first
phase. Work in Al-
Khair port for exporting
petroleum products
completed in January
2003 with the maxi-
mum capacity of
50000 tons. Sawakin
port for gas exports
has a pumping capac-
ity of 75 tons an hour
and storage capacity
of 1400 tons.
The Ministry of En-
ergy and Mining is will-
ing to intensify oil ex-
ploration in the coun-
try and welcoming any
genuine proposals to
invest in this area.
The Ministry is in-
volved in infrastructure
projects such as re-
newable energies and
integrated electricity
services that include
electricity power gen-
eration, transport lines,
distribution, mainte-
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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
nance and marketing in addition to the ma-
jor projects of mining, oil and gas produc-
tion.
The Minister of Energy and Mining, Dr.
Awad Al-Jazz said there was a petroleum
council chaired by the President of the Re-
public and comprising a number of experts,
ministers and walis (governors) of the
Southern Sudan states. The council would
be replaced by the Petroleum Commission,
whose functions have been determined by
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. All
necessary information will be provided to it
to embark on its work in mapping out poli-
cies and endorsing agreements.
The Ministry is willing to intensify oil
exploration in the country and welcoming
any genuine proposals to invest in this
area.
Oil investments:
Studies were being conducted to create
investment opportunities in oil sector
such as:
- Petrochemical industry if the already
discovered natural gas is produced.
- Oil products pipelines network.
- Asphalt production.
- Expansion of gas use.
13
 Animal Resources
Sudan possesses a
huge number of livestock that
put it at the top of the list of
Arab and African countries in
this regard. This vast wealth
is diversified and has com-
parative advantage to meet
the demands of internal and
external markets.
The number of cattle is
estimated at 39.7 million
heads, 48.4 million heads of
sheep, 42 million heads of
goats, 3.5 million heads of
camels besides 37.3 million
heads of poultry, 110 million
tons per year of fishery re-
serve as well as an ample
number of wild life.
The contribution of ani-
mal resources to the GDP is
about 20% and it generates
about 22% of the country’s
returns of foreign currencies.

Exports of Live Animals:

Year Camels Goats Sheep Cows Total
2004 132602 101899 1703562 750 1938813

Exports of Meat:
Year Camels Goats Sheep Cows Total
2004 57.4 217.1 1481.9 6329.4 7085.8

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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)

Electricity
The currently used electric
power supply is around 875
megawatts. There are many projects
aiming at generating extra electricity.
Hamadab Dam on the River Nile is
expected to generate 1200
megawatts. An increase of 15% is
expected during 2004 after the
implementation of reform
programmes using a loan of 70
million dollars from Arab funds and
financial institutions.

15
Industrial Sector

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Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
The sector is composed of four sub-sectors:
mining, industry, electricity and water, construction
The contribution of the sector
to the GDP reached 21% in the
year 2000 and 25.4% in 2004.
Elements of Industry in Sudan
The country’s geographical location
makes it easy for the products to enter
many regional and international markets.
Also, there are sufficient agricul-
tural, animal, and human resources in
addition to political stability and en-
couraging investment acts.
The Ministry of Industry adopted
several policies during the period
2002-2007 aiming at raising the growth
rates of the industry from 15% annu-
ally to reach 85% by the end of the
period. The policies aim also at rais-
ing the national exports by 15%.
Therefore the ministry established, in
collaboration with the Financial Invest-
ment Bank, the Industrial Fund with a
capital of 4 billion Sudanese dinars.
Mining sector:
There is considerable quantity of
chrome in Ingasana Mountains near the
Sudan’s eastern borders with Ethiopia.
About 100,000 tons of manganese is
found in Halayb area in the Red Sea
State. Some 10 million tons of copper is
found in the State of Southern Darfur and
it is also found in the States of Red Sea
and Kassala.
Some 145,000 tons of zinc is found
at the State of the Red Sea.
Gold as well as other products is acces-
sible at various parts of the country.
17
Processing Industry
This sector contributed 7% to the
GDP and 8.2% in the years 2000 and
2004 respectively.
The processing industry is composed of
22 main activities and 82 sub-activities.
The most important industries
are:
Food industries:
They include 24 sub-activities.
There is surplus in sugar and sugar-
based industries that could be exported.
Textile & ready-made clothes:
This sector includes 9 sub-activities
but its production is less than the local
need.
Hide tanning & leather products:
There are investment opportunities
in this sector due to availability of ani-
mal hides.
Timber industries:
There are investment opportunities
in this sector due to the country’s vast
18
and diversified wood resources. There
is also a possibility to produce com-
pressed timber using remains of sugar
industry, cotton, and peanut.
Paper & printing industries:
Sudan depends totally on paper im-
ports despite availability of several cel-
lulose resources.
Chemical industries:
This sector includes 26 sub-activi-
ties. There are investment potentialities
in this sector such as fertilizers and in-
secticides industries.
Main metallic industries:
This sector includes 14 sub-activi-
ties. There is a need to invest in the fields
of metallic ingots and iron.
Non-mineral products:
This sector includes 11 sub-activi-
ties. There is high demand on the prod-
ucts of this sector. Some products such
as cement and marble could be pro-
duced for export.
Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)

Infrastructure and
Services Sector
Infrastructure and Services Sector:
There are several opportunities of investment
in this sector e.g. railways, roads, bridges, internal
river transport, civil aviation, air transport, sea ports,
telecommunication, education and health services.
Transport field needs 370 million dollars for
investment during the coming three years.
Among the roads that the government seek to
build are: Alssalam (Peace) Road which links Malakal
and Renk towns in southern Sudan and it costs 150
million dollars, Omroaba-Abujibaiha-Kadogli road in
western Sudan which costs 120 million dollars and
rehabilitation of river transport against 87 million
dollars.
The latest available statistics show the
contribution of the transport sector in the GDP stood
at 13% and 10% in the years 1999 and 2000
respectively.

19
 Telecommunications
The government specified about thirteen
strategic goals to be achieved in the
telecommunication sector within the country’s
national strategic plan for the next 25 years.
A tremendous progress has been
achieved so far in the realization of these goals
due to the privatization of the
telecommunication sector and encouragement
of both local and foreign investments in this
domain. Under the supervision of the National
Telecommunication Corporation, most parts of
Sudan has been connected to each other and
to the world through telephone networks
(Sudatel company) and mobile phones (Mobitel
company). The country now is number 2 on
the list of African countries who own the best
telecommunication networks after South Africa.
20
National Telecommunications
Corporations achievements:
- Introduction of a second company in both
mobile and fixed telecommunication fields.
- Spread of information culture through
endeavors to provide computers for large
sectors of the society.
- Blocking of indecent Internet sites.
Sudatel Company:
Starting in 1994 it is considered as the
pioneering telecommunication company in
Sudan. The number of its clients is over one
million persons. Among its shareholders are
nationals from Saudi Arabia, UAE,⁄the
Netherlands, Kuwait, Germany, Egypt,
Yemen, Bahrain, Qatar, Iran, Oman Sultanate,
Jordan⁄in addition to local and regional banks.
Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
It is the first Sudanese company to enter
the regional stock markets. Among its future
plans:
- To expand use of information technologies.
- To offer more applied services (such as on-
line trade).
- To attract more clients.
Mobitel Company:
It is the first mobile telecommunication
company in Sudan. The number of its
clients⁄exceeded 1,600,000 persons.
Sudanese Internet Services Company (Sudanet):
It has 2100 connection channels, 10
subscribers in each.
Banks
There are about 26 national
and foreign banks working under
the supervision of the Bank of
Sudan, the central bank.
Car Renting:
There are more than 11 major
companies engage in limousine, mini-bus and
taxi services. A mini-car limousine costs
12,000 Sudanese dinars per day while a
comfortable Land Cruiser costs 45,000 dinars
per day.
Canartel Company:
Kanartel was licensed in November
2005 to work in the field of telephone and high-
speed Internet. The capital of the company is
$ 60 million, over 70% of it is paid by a num-
ber of United Arab Emirates firms while less
than 30% is paid by Sudanese public and pri-
vate companies.
The company will invest extra $ 350 million.
The work of the company is currently lim-
ited to Khartoum State and is planned to cover
the whole country by the end of 2006.
Sudanese Internet Services company
(Sudanet):
It has 2100 connection channels, 10 sub-
scribers in each.
Insurance and Reinsurance
There are 13 companies in the field of insurance
and only one of them deals with reinsurance.
Hotels
There are many hotels in Khartoum
State with different charges: A room in a five-
star hotel costs $190-210, presidential wings
costs $750, small wings $450, a room in a
four-star hotel costs $150-170 and a room in
a three-star hotel costs $30 -60.
Tourism:
The Sudan has many tourism sites. The
Nile and its tributaries run across its land, the
Red Sea in the eastern part of the country,
Marra Mountain in western part, Dindir Park
for wildlife conservation, historical sites in
northern part of the country and beautiful
scenes in various other parts.
There are many investment
opportunities in tourism and hotels field all
over the country.
21
 Khartoum International
Airport:
The airport receives regular flights by
most of the international airways companies.
The airport provides banking, transport,
security, air cargo and shopping services.
Port Sudan Sea Port:
The port is on the Red Sea coast 1232
kilometers from Khartoum via Medani road
and about 700 kilometer via Atbara road. It
is the main Sudanese port.

Other Ports:
Swakin port on the Red Sea coast is used for transport of passengers particularly
pilgrims and goods. Bashayer is a
modern port near Port Sudan and it is
used for oil exports.

Medical Services:
Investment is needed in the fields
of the modern scarce specializations
such as kidney transplant and surgery,
heart, brain and malignant tumors and
projects of integrated hospitals that
contain all medical requirements.

Investment Map
The Ministry of Investment prepared an
investment map explaining all available re-
sources that could be economically exploited,
services, financial resources, short-, medium
and long term plans, the suitable location for
any forms of investment and the required
measures to make these projects a success.
The investment map is important
because:
- It specifies the present and future invest-
ment fields, material, and human re-
sources.
- It helps plan designers and implementers
taking appropriate decisions
- It helps in putting macro policies that ful-
fill the objectives of balanced develop-
22
ment and sheds lights on comparative ad-
vantages of the various states.
- It helps in promotion process to attract
local and foreign investors and enables
concerned authorities to direct invest-
ments according to the country’s needs
and national strategy.
- It helps investors to prepare feasibility
studies and select the suitable field and
location for the investment.
- It provides documented information that
could be used in scientific research.
- It helps in solving procedure problems
that stem from lack of unified view among
the decision-making authorities with re-
gards to investment.
Special file on occasion of the convocation of the Arab Summit Conference in Khartoum (March 2006)
Arab
Investments
In Sudan
Arab countries sought long ago to realize
food security and find a way to collective eco-
nomic ventures in the face of the challenges
posed by emergence of the international eco-
nomic blocs and groupings. The idea of Arab
joint investments is one of the tools to realize
this goal. Examples of these investments are:
A) Arab Authority for Agricultural Invest-
ment and Development:
It was established in 1976 as an Arab finan-
cial and investment institution working in the ag-
ricultural field. The shareholders are 19 Arab
countries. It is based in Khartoum and has a
regional office in Dubai city. It’s declared capi-
tal is 150 million Kuwaiti dinars ($ 500 million).
The Authority’s total assets reached about 211
million dinars ($ 716 million) at the end of the
year 2004.
The authority’s investment activities concen-
trated on Sudan during the period 1977 ≠ 1984
then the rest of the Arab countries. Until the end
of the year 2003 about 71% of the investments
were carried out in Sudan and 29% in other Arab
countries.
Until the end of the year 2004, the fields of
investments were distributed as follows: About
38% agricultural manufacture, 37% farming,
21% animal production and 2% agricultural ser-
vices and marketing.
The Authority has realized a number of no-
table achievements including application of zero
tillage technology, which is currently applied in
the world’s advanced countries. This technol-
ogy has been used first in Agadi scheme in the
Blue Nile State and then in Al-Gadarif State
where it yielded high productivity rates particu-
larly in sorghum and sunflower crops.
B) Kenana Sugar Company:
Kenana Sugar Project started in 1979 with a
production capacity of 300,000 tons each year.
It is considered to be a model of successful Arab
jointly financed factories in Sudan. Economists
attributed appointment of Sudan as president
of the World Sugar Organization to the success
of sugar industry in Sudan and Kenana key role
in the Arab and African region.
Kenana is also considered one of the big-
gest integrated sugar manufacturing projects in
the world.
The shareholders are government of Sudan
(35.17%), Kuwaiti Real Estate Investment Author-
ity (30.5%), government of Saudi Arabia Kingdom
(10.92%), Arab Investment Company (6.96%),
Sudanese Development Corporation (5.66%),
Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and De-
velopment (5.56%), Sudanese Commercial Banks
Group (4.45%), a British company (0.46%), a
Japanese company (0.16%) and the Kuwaiti
Mileem Fishing Company Ltd (0.16%).
C) Marawe Dam:
It is the largest development and engineer-
ing project in the history of Sudan. It is regarded
as a good model for Arab integrated work where
the Arab funds contributed with almost half its
total cost.
The dam feasibility studies indicated many
advantages including provision of clean and
cheap electricity, protection of Al-Shamalia
(Northern) State from destructive floods, fish
lake, stimulant for establishment of several other
projects and provision of job opportunities.
Located 300 kilometers north of Khartoum,
It will be one of the largest water dams in the
Arab and African region for electricity genera-
tion. It is 9228.2 meters in length and 60 meters
in height.
The cost of the project is 1.8 billion dollars.
23
The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Devel-
opment (AFESD) offered $ 250m of the cost,
the Saudi Fund $ 200m, Abu Dubai $ 150m,
the Kuwait Fund $ 100m, Oman Sultanate $
106m, Chinese government $ 400m and the rest
from Sudan government. AFESD has been keen
to finance the dam project because it will help
in increasing the farming areas in Sudan and
thus providing food security for the Arab world
as a whole.
D) Ras Al-khaima Ceramics (Sudan):
The factory is jointly owned by the Emir of
Ras Al-khaima Emirate (80%) and the
Sudanese Businessman Al-Hadi Hassan Al-
Fadil (20%).
Some 30 million euro is invested in the fac-
tory, which is located in Gari area north of
Khartoum. It provides job opportunities for more
than 300 persons and 75% of them are
Sudanese.
It produces 12,000 squared meters of ceram-
ics and 10,000 squared meters of porcelain per
24
day. It uses the latest technologies, which are
purchased from the world’s number one ceram-
ics producing company (in Italy). Almost 95%
of the industry raw materials are available at
the region while the dyes (5%) are imported from
Spain.
E) Arab Organization for Agricultural De-
velopment:
It is the main research institution for agricul-
tural and human development in the Arab world.
The Organization has been established at the
request of Arab countries due to the importance
of the agricultural sector in Arab economy.
Launched as a specialized organization in
1972 it has preferred Sudan as headquarters
because of its rich and diversified resources.
The organization contributes to the agricultural
development in the Arab world through prepara-
tion of technical and economic feasibility studies
for national, regional and country projects, orga-
nizing training sessions and developing human
resources for member countries.