1 What are the factors taken into account while deciding the number and type of watertight

doors to be fitted in the bulkheads of 1200 capacity ocean going passenger ship? Sketch and
describe one such hydraulically operated watertight door giving details of its attachments to
the bulkhead.

2 Write short notes on following :-

(a) Light weight (b) Camber (c) Panting beams. (d) Free surface effect

3 Give a brief description of the effects of grounding which has resulted in bilging of two
adjacent large cargo compartments with respect to the following :
(a) Stability of the vessel.
(b) Permeability of the compartment bilged
Assume symmetrical midship compartment bilging.

3. With reference to the impressed current method of protecting a ship's hull from corrosion:
(a) (i) Sketch a fully automated impressed current system,
(ii) Describe the system.
(b) (i) Sketch a simple transverse section of the hull and show the direction of current flow
through the system and hull.
(ii) how are the propulsion and manoeuvring systems protected,

4. (a) Using simple sketches to illustrate water flow or reaction, show how a rudder can steer a
vessel or act as a velocity retarder.
(b) With reference to arresting the headway of a very large vessel explain:
(i) Why full astern power is usually less than full ahead power.
(ii) Why rudders adapted to act as retarders have not been successful.
(iii) The part that a transverse thrust unit could play in reducing stopping distance.

5. State with reasons the main purpose of the following:

(a) Bulbous bow;
(b) Flare or Flam.
(c) Bilge keels;
(d) Sheer.
(e) Camber.

6. Explain how an electro-hydraulic stabiliser restrains a ship rolling in a heavy sea and why
structural members of the ship are most affected by this restraint?
7. (a) With reference to double plated hollow rudders:
(i) State the merits of this type of rudder compared to the single plate rudder.
(ii) State two methods of protecting the rudder from internal corrosion;
iii) Describe how the ship and its performance would be affected by a cracked rudder
plate which allows the ingress of seawater.
(b) When the ship is in drydock:
(i) How would you inspect a rudder, and what all clearances you would check.
(ii) State the tests that should he carried out to ensure water tightness of the rudder after a
repair to a cracked rudder plate.

8. (a) Sketch a ship's stern frame, showing how it is connected to the ship's structure and
detailing the special ship's plates to which it is attached.
(b) State the material used to manufacture the sternframe.
(c) Explain why corrosion is a problem and how it is prevented.

9. (a) Describe with a sketch how an aluminium superstructure is attached to the steel deck,
indicate all materials used.
(b) Discuss the use of aluminium for ship construction, explaining its advantages and
disadvantages.

10. By what means is the fire risk and spread of fire in accommodation spaces and cargo spaces
reduced to a minimum? Give a general description, with diagrammatic sketches, of the fire-
fighting arrangements in accommodation spaces of a large passenger ship.

11. With regard to the ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads:
a. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead;
b. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness.
c. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precautions must be taken to ensure that
the watertight integrity and strength of the bulkhead are maintained. With this in
mind, describe using simple sketches how the following pass through bulkheads:
(i) Main transmission shaft, (ii) Electric cables.

12. (a) Sketch a simple arrangement of the machinery space bilge injection arrangement,
showing their separate suction and common delivery attachments.
(b) Explain why the bilge injection valve is fitted and how it is maintained in good working
order.
13. Compare the diameter of the bilge injection valve with that of the main sea injection valve.
a. By means of sketches describe the braking arrangements fitted for the controlled
lowering of lifeboats.
b. State what maintenance and attention is required to ensure that the lowering gear is
kept in good condition.

14. Explain why a forced-air circulation system is fitted to a cargo hold, or holds, in a general
cargo ship? Describe the system and explain how it is monitored and controlled

15. (a) Sketch a transverse section through a duct keel, labelling its component parts, indicating
the duct keel position in the ship structure.
(b) Explain why duct keels are fitted.

16. (a) Sketch the arrangement of rudder stock, bearings, glands and method of suspension of a
pintleless rudder, labelling the components parts.
(b) State how the bearing wear down is measured and what prevents the rudder from
jumping.

17. (a) Describe the following and explain their function:

(i) Hawse pipe. (ii) Spurling pipe. (iii) Cable lifter. (iv) Cable stopper.
(b) With the aid of a sketch of a ship bow, show the arrangement of anchor cable, from
anchor to chain locker.

18. Explain the function of a collision bulkhead and, with the aid of sketches, describe features
of its construction and attachment to decks, shell plating and double bottom.

19. (a) Using simple sketches to illustrate water flow or reaction, show how a rudder can steer a
vessel or act as a velocity retarder.
(b) With reference to arresting the headway of a very large vessels explain:
(i) Why full astern power is usually less than full ahead power.
(ii) Why rudders adapted to act as retarders have not been successful.
(iii) The part that a transverse thrust unit could play in reducing stopping distance.

20. State with reasons the main purpose of the following:

(a) Bulbous bow;
(b) Flare or Flam.
(c) Bilge keels;
(d) Sheer.
(e) Camber.

21. With regard to the roll motion of a ship in a seaway:

(a) Why is roll motion considered more serious than pitch motion,
(b) Discuss the basic principles of roll damping utilised in the following anti-roll systems:
(i) Bilge keel.
(ii) Activated fins.
(iii) Passive roll damping tanks.
(iv) Passive controlled roll damping tank.
22. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discuss:
(a) Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates.
(b) Design of the ships structure and its maintenance,
(c) Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes of the internal and external areas of the ship.

23. Sketch and describe a stern frame suitable for a ship having a cruiser stern, showing how the
frame is attached to the adjoining structures. State materials used together with their
properties.

24. Sketch and describe the construction of the fore part of a ship having a bulbous bow,
showing the internal structure. State the advantages claimed for this type of bow
construction.

25. Define the term ‘freeboard’. Sketch and describe freeboard markings. Enumerate the factors
that govern the position of these markings. State where the freeboard marks are located and
the methods employed to ensure that they cannot be altered.

26. (a) Sketch the arrangement of rudder stock, bearings, glands and method of suspension of a
pintleless rudder, labelling the components parts.
(b) State how the bearing wear down is measured and what prevents the rudder from
jumping.

27. Make a sketch, showing the construction of the stern of a modern cargo ship to two frames
forward of the stern gland. Name all important structural members and indicate how all the
components are attached. Discuss briefly the problems of stern design.

28. Write short notes on following :-

(a) Dead weight
(b) Floor
(c) Free board
(d) Panting beams.

29. With reference to the impressed current method of protecting, a ship’s hull from corrosion:
(a) (i) Sketch a fully automated impressed current system.
(ii) Describe the system.
(b) (i) Sketch a simple transverse section of the hull showing the direction of current
flow through the system and hull.
(ii) State how the propulsion and manoeuvring systems are protected.

30. (a) With reference to refrigerated hold spaces describe using simple sketches:
(i) A tween deck scupper.
(ii) An insulated brine pipe passing through a watertight bulkhead.
(b) With reference to draining water from decks, describe using simple sketches:
(i) A scupper pipe leading from the waterway in the tween decks to the outside of the
vessel;
(ii) A bulwark freeing port with the flap hinged at the top and opening outward.
31. (a) Sketch a steel hatch cover of the self stowing type with rising and falling tracks.
(b) Describe the hatch cover sketched in Q9(a).

32. Describe with sketches the construction of hatch way through a ship’s deck and show how
the coamings are attached to the structure. Explain the steps taken to avoid excessive stress
concentration at the hatch corners.

33. Write short notes on the following :-

(a) Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) (b) Nett Registered Tonnage (NRT)
(c) Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT) (d) Length between perpendicular (LBP)

34. Severe corrosion has been observed in ship made of steel and fitted with aluminum super
structures. Discuss this type of corrosion with particular reference to methods adopted to
minimize its occurrence.

35. With reference to the ships anchor cable arrangement, using simple sketches, illustrate how
each of the following are attached to the ship.
(a) Cable stopper;
(b) Anchor windlass;
(c) Chain locker end of cable stool.

36. With reference to the prevention of corrosion of the external surfaces of a ship's structure and
superstructure:
(a) Explain how good ship design can reduce corrosion
(b) State, with reasons, the parts of the ship which are at greatest risk from corrosive attack
(c) Outline two methods employed to reduce corrosion

37. a) Describe the following and explain their function:

(i) Hawse pipe.
(ii) Spurling pipe.
(iii) Cable lifter.
(iv) Cable stopper.
(b) With the aid of a sketch of a ship bow show the arrangement of anchor cable, from
anchor to chain locker.

38. By means of sketches describe the braking arrangements fitted for the controlled
lowering of lifeboats.State what maintenance and attention is required to ensure that the
lowering gear is kept in good condition.
39. (a) Sketch a watertight door and frame, showing the manner of arrangement to the bulkhead
and the additional reinforcement carried by the bulkhead to compensate for the aperture.
(b) Explain how watertightness of the door and frame mating surfaces is ensured with an
hydrostatic pressure tending to force the faces apart.
(c) (i) Describe the means of closing the door.
(ii) State the number of closing stations and the position of each.

40. Describe with the aid of sketches how each of the following contribute towards improving
the propulsive efficiency of a ship:
(a) Ducted propeller.
(b) Costa bulb as fitted to rudder.
(c) Grim wheel vane as fitted aft of the propeller.

41. (a) Sketch a fully balanced rudder of your choice showing:

(i)Details of the gland and steady bearing where the rudder stock enters the ships hull.
(ii) Details of the rudder carrier ring which supports the weight of the rudder and rudder
stock.
(b) State one advantage of a fully balanced rudder over an unbalanced rudder.

42. Describe a gravity type lifeboat davit and explain:

(a) the manual braking arrangement,
(b) how excessive lowering speeds are automatically prevented.

43. What are the different methods of fire protection used on sea-going dry cargo ships of over
5000 tonnes gross? Sketch and describe a door used in a fire-division inside the
accommodation spaces of a cargo ship. Indicate the properties of materials used.

44. Sketch and describe a balanced type rudder showing the method of its support. Explain the
advantages of a balanced rudder. Will a rudder designed for balance in ahead running
conditions also be balanced when going astern?

45. Describe with sketches a mechanically operated steel hatch cover for a large cargo hold. How
is such a hatch cover tested after installation?

46. Severe corrosion has been observed in ship made of steel and fitted with aluminum super
structures. Discuss this type of corrosion with particular reference to methods adopted to
minimize its occurrence.
47. Sketch and describe a stern frame, suitable for a ship having a cruiser stern. Show how the
frame is attached to the ship’s structure. Name the materials used and their properties.

48. Sketch and describe the following :

(a) Bulbous bow
(b) Structural arrangements to resist pounding.

10. With reference to the prevention of corrosion of the external surfaces of a ship's structure and
superstructure:
(a) Explain how good ship design can reduce corrosion;
(b) State, with reasons, the parts of the ship which are at greatest risk from corrosive attack,
(c) Outline two methods employed to reduce corrosion.