Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Michael Choi
2
Present an Overview of LNG Plant
• Why LNG?
• Typical Multi-Trains Plant
• Pre-Treatment Required
• Unique Auxiliary Facilities
• Natural Gas Liquefaction
Thermodynamics
• Commercial Liquefaction
Processes
• Equipment for Liquefaction
Oman LNG Plant
• Novel Plant Concepts
• Concluding Remarks
3
Stranded Gas Looking for Markets
• LNG Proved to be Most Economic for Distances >1,500 Mile
• Transported in Insulated Tankers @ -162C & 1 atm.
• Volume Reduction of 600:1
Supply
Demand
4
LNG Process & Equipment ?
• Compressor/Driver
• Refrigerant Condenser
• Evaporator (Process
Heat Exchanger)
5
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant
Make- Fuel
Up Fuel
Gas
Train 1
Gathering
Inlet Gas Gas Inlet Gas NGL Liquefaction LNG Storage
Reception Treating Recovery
1.7 Bcfd Liquid LNG
9 Mtpa
NGL (1.2 Bcfd)
Train 2
Fractionation
Propane Propane
Condensate Storage .73 Mtpa
Stabilization (27 Mbpd)
Butane Butane
Storage .5 Mtpa
(17 Mbpd)
Condensate Condensate
Storage 1.2 Mtpa
(34 Mbpd)
6
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant
Make- Fuel
Up Fuel
Gas
Train 1
Gathering
Inlet Gas Gas Inlet Gas NGL Liquefaction LNG Storage
Reception Treating Recovery
1.7 Bcfd Liquid LNG
Inlet Gas Reception
Inlet Gas TreatingNGL Recovery
9 Mtpa
• Pipeline
• Amine
NGL • forScrub
Manifold
FractionationCO 2&
Train
Column/KO NGLafter C3 Pre-Cool
2 H2S Removal
(1.2 Bcfd)
• Pig •
Receivers
• Deethanizer <50• Primarily
ppm & < 4 C4+
ppmFractionation
to Prevent Freezing
• Inlet Separator
• Vapor • LNG
• Compression
Sulfur Heat Value
Recovery Unit ifImportant
H2S for US & Propane Propane
Condensate Storage
• Slug •
Catcher
Mol Sieve European
Dehydration*
• DepropanizerStabilization
& Treating
Markets .73 Mtpa
(27 Mbpd)
• < 100 • 1,070 btu/scf Max
ppb
• 95% & 200 psig
Condensate VP
Stabilization Butane Butane
• Mercury • Need
Vapor Turbo-Expander for High
Removal* Storage
• <.5ppm
• Multi-Stage
H 2S & <15ppm
Column
C3+
S
Removal
.5 Mtpa
(17 Mbpd)
• Activated
• Debutanizer
• Vapor &Compressor
Treating Carbon Adsorber
Condensate Condensate
• 95%
• 10-12
& 70psia
psigRVP
VP @100F Storage 1.2 Mtpa
(34 Mbpd)
• <.5ppm
• De-Odorized
H2S & <15ppm S
7
180,000 M3 LNG Tank
8
Inside the Tanks
Single-Stage Multi-Stage
• 16 Chiksan Type
• 3+1 – LNG Arms
• 3,500 M3/Hr/Ea.
• 10,500 M3/Hr
• 140K M3 Tanker
• 4+1 – Systems
• 14,000 M3/Hr
• Qmax & Qflex
• 200K+ M3
• 1 – Vapor Return
10
Cost of Refrigeration
Methane
or Nitrogen
Cost/Btu
Removed
Ethylene Air/Water
Propane
-162C Temperature 25C
11
Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes
25C
Gas Cooling
Condensation
Temperature
Min. DT
Liquid
Sub-cooling
-162C
Temperature
•
3th Stage
2nd Stage
Methane Refrig. .
-260F 3th Stage
Kenai, Alaska
13
C3 Precooled – Mixed Refrigerant Process
• Most Widely Used Licensed by APCI 80F Propane
Refrig.
2nd Stage
Propane PreCooled
Mixed Refrigerant Cycle
Temperature
3th Stage
Mixed Refrigerant
-260F
14
APCI AP-X Process
• Largest Train Capacity @ 8 Mtpa
• Overcome Spiral Wound MCHE Limit APCI Supplies
• Process Design
• First Unit Started in 2009 (QG-II)
• Cold Boxes
• No Plants Outside of Qatar • Spiral Wound Exchanger
• Turbo-Expanders
15
All Processes Use Similar Equipment
17
APCI s MR Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (MCHE)
Spiral Wound Design
18
Heat Exchanger for Cascade Process
Plate Fin
Exchanger
• Many Manufacturers
• Use Extensively in Air Separation
• Cascade & Other LNG Processes
Cold Box Configuration
19
Advances in LNG Plants
Onshore
Conventional Design
Near-shore
GBS Design
Offshore
Steel or Concrete
Floater
20
Conclusions
• LNG Liquefaction Process Same as AC System in Our Home
• Pre-Treatment Facilities Can Dwarf Liquefaction System
– Mole Sieve Dehydration & Mercury Removal Required
– Gas Treating & NGL Extraction May be Needed
– Stabilized Condensate & Fractionated NGL Add Value
• LNG Exchangers, Storage & Loading Systems Are Unique
• Commercial Liquefaction Processes Well Proven, Robust & Can
be Optimized for Plant Size, Gas Composition, Sales &
Commercial Needs
• Novel Near-Shore & Offshore Floating Concepts Are Developed
21
LNG ?
22
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