06 Muttoni Fernandez

MC2010:
The Critical Shear Crack Theory as a mechanical

model for punching shear design and its
application to code provisions
Prof. Dr Aurelio Muttoni

Dr Miguel Fernández Ruiz
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
0
Introduction
Load test 1908 Load test 1909
Robert Maillart (1872-1940) Claude A. P. Turner (1869 –1955)
1
Introduction
2
Introduction
Bluche,
Switzerland,
1981
Geneva, Switzerland, 1976
Cagliari, Italy,
2004
Wolverhampton, UK, 1997

3
Introduction
Design based on empirical formulas

without taking into account size-
effect
No shear reinforcement, no integrity
reinforcement
Brittleness
Gretzenbach, Switzerland, 2004
4
Introduction
200%
180% With punching shear

reinforcement
160%
140%
120%
Force
100%
80% Without punching shear reinforcement
60%
40%
20%
Jonen, Switzerland, 2007 0%
0% 100% 200% 300% 400%
(Photo courtesy HALFEN AG, Switzerland)
Deformation capacity
Need for a mechanical model for slabs

without and with shear reinforcement
5
Introduction
1. Development of a mechanical model:

the Critical Shear Crack Theory
2. Extensive validation by testing
6
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
120
102
100
80
Number of tests
60
40
28
20
7
3 1
0
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
7
120
102
100
80
Number of tests
60
40
28
20
7
3 1
0
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
8
120
102
100
80
Number of tests
60
40
28
20
7
3 1
0
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
9
120
102
100
80
Number of tests
60
40
28
20
7
3 1
0
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
10
120
102
100
80
Number of tests
60
40
28
20
7
3 1
0
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm] Total #: 141 tests
11
Fundamentals of the CSCT Walraven J.C. 1981, Fundamental Analysis of
Aggregate Interlock, Journal of the Structural
Division, Vol. 107, No. 11, pp. 2245 – 2270.
extreme
parameters
12
Fundamentals of the CSCT
theoretical model based

on aggregate interlock
simplified failure
criterion
Muttoni A., 2008, Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs without
transverse reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No 4, pp. 440-450
13
Fundamentals of the CSCT: punching shear design
Load-rotation curve
VR
Average
Characteristic Failure criterion
yR
Muttoni A., 2008, Punching shear strength of reinforced

concrete slabs without transverse reinforcement, ACI
Structural Journal, V. 105, No 4, pp. 440-450
14
Physical model: application to non-symmetrical cases (moment transfer)
Shear field and shear forces

along control perimeter
Evaluation of w accounting
for transfer moment (msd)
15
MC 2010 EC 2
16
Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken

im Bereich von Rand- und Eckstützen, PhD. thesis,
University of Stuttgart, 228 p.
17
Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken

im Bereich von Rand- und Eckstützen, PhD. thesis,
University of Stuttgart, 228 p.
18
Physical model: application to bridge deck slabs
Vaz Rodrigues, R., Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2008,

Punching shear strength of R/C bridge cantilever slabs,
Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 3024-3033
Avg: 1.07; CoV: 13%
19
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs
Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009, Applications of the

critical shear crack theory to punching of R/C slabs with
transverse reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 106, No. 4,
2009, pp. 485-494
20
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (2nd failure mode)
21
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (2nd failure mode)
22
Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., Kunz, J., 2010,

Strengthening of flat slabs against punching shear
using post-installed shear reinforcement, ACI
Structural Journal, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 434-442
23
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (3rd failure mode)
24
Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009,

Applications of the critical shear crack theory
to punching of R/C slabs with transverse
reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 106,
No. 4, 2009, pp. 485-494
25
Physical model: retrofitting
26
27
28
Physical model: fibre-reinforced concrete
29
Physical model: fibre-reinforced concrete
Voo, J.Y.L. and Foster, S.J., 2004, Tensile Fracture of Fibre

Reinforced Concrete: Variable Engagement Model, Sixth
Rilem Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC),
Varenna, Italy, 20-22 September, pp. 875-884
30
Code provisions
MC-2010: 8 pages (with commentary)
31
Code provisions
MC-2010: 8 pages (with commentary)
EC-2: 10 pages
32
NMC-Calculation of Load-rotation curve: Levels-of-Approximation approach
Assessment of existing
structures, design of
special cases
Typical design
Preliminary design
Schertenleib P., Muttoni A., Schwartz J., 2003, Pièces comprimées,

Documentation SIA, D 0182 Introduction à la norme SIA 262,
Zürich, Switzerland, pp. 67-77
33
NMC: Levels-of-Approximation approach
http://ibeton.epfl.ch/MC2010Punching
Level I of approximation
34
NMC: Levels-of-Approximation approach
Level II of approximation
35
36
Conclusions
• The CSCT is grounded on a consistent mechanical model and

has been checked against extensive experimental data
• The accuracy of the mechanical parameters can be

progressively refined in various levels of approximation
• The theory can be easily adapted to unusual cases, providing

the designer with a clear understanding of the structural
behaviour
• The CSCT can be consistently used to investigate and to design

shear-reinforced and fibre-reinforced slabs
• The theory can be implemented efficiently into design codes
37
Coefficient ke
38
Influence of transfer moments
Vd M d ,i  Vd  ei
m sd  
8 2  bs
39
Fibre-reinforced concrete
40
CSCT vs. other codes (1/2)
41
CSCT vs. other codes (2/2)
42
Crushing strength (1/2)
43
Crushing strength (2/2)
44
Influence of column size
45
Slabs with punching shear reinforcement (crushing of concrete struts)
MC-90, EC-2
46

06 Muttoni Fernandez

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MC2010:

The Critical Shear Crack Theory as a mechanical

Prof. Dr Aurelio Muttoni

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Load test 1908 Load test 1909

Robert Maillart (1872-1940) Claude A. P. Turner (1869 –1955)

Wolverhampton, UK, 1997

Design based on empirical formulas

Gretzenbach, Switzerland, 2004

180% With punching shear

80% Without punching shear reinforcement

Need for a mechanical model for slabs

1. Development of a mechanical model:

2. Extensive validation by testing

theoretical model based

Muttoni A., 2008, Punching shear strength of reinforced

Shear field and shear forces

Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken

Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken

Vaz Rodrigues, R., Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2008,

Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009, Applications of the

Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., Kunz, J., 2010,

Fernández Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009,

Voo, J.Y.L. and Foster, S.J., 2004, Tensile Fracture of Fibre

Schertenleib P., Muttoni A., Schwartz J., 2003, Pièces comprimées,

• The CSCT is grounded on a consistent mechanical model and

• The accuracy of the mechanical parameters can be

• The theory can be easily adapted to unusual cases, providing

• The CSCT can be consistently used to investigate and to design

• The theory can be implemented efficiently into design codes

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