Industrial Control

Behzad Samadi
Department of Electrical Engineering
Amirkabir University of Technology

Winter 2009
Tehran, Iran

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 1/7

Chemical Systems

Variables:
Q: volumetric flow (m3 /s)
C : concentration (mol/m3 )
V : volume (m3 )
[Luyben, 1996] and [Chau, 2002]

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Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor
Cin ,Qin

C1 ,Q1
C1 V1

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 3/7

Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor
Cin ,Qin

C1 ,Q1
C1 V1

Mass balance:
d(C1 V1 )
= Cin Qin − C1 Q1
dt

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 3/7

Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor
Cin ,Qin

C1 ,Q1
C1 V1

Mass balance:
d(C1 V1 )
= Cin Qin − C1 Q1
dt
Assuming V1 is constant and Qin = Q1 = Q,
dC1
V1 = Cin Q − C1 Q
dt
[Chau, 2002]

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 3/7

Two CSTRs in Series
Cin ,Qin

C ,Q
1 1

C1 V1 C2 ,Q2
C2 V2

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 4/7

Two CSTRs in Series
Cin ,Qin

C ,Q
1 1

C1 V1 C2 ,Q2
C2 V2

Dynamic equation: Assuming Qin = Q1 = Q2 = Q

dC1
V1 = Cin Q − C1 Q
dt

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 4/7

Two CSTRs in Series
Cin ,Qin

C ,Q
1 1

C1 V1 C2 ,Q2
C2 V2

Dynamic equation: Assuming Qin = Q1 = Q2 = Q

dC1
V1 = Cin Q − C1 Q
dt

dC2
V2 = C1 Q − C2 Q
dt
[Chau, 2002]

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 4/7

Component balance

rate of formation
flow of moles of flow of moles of jth
of moles of jth
jth component - component out of + component from
=
into system system
chemical reactions
time rate of
change of moles
of jth component
inside system
[Luyben, 1996]

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 5/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Flow of A into system = CA0 Q0

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Flow of A into system = CA0 Q0

Flow of A out of system = CA Q

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Flow of A into system = CA0 Q0

Flow of A out of system = CA Q
Rate of formation of A from reaction = −kVCA

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Flow of A into system = CA0 Q0

Flow of A out of system = CA Q
Rate of formation of A from reaction = −kVCA

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Component balance

Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form

product, component B.
k
A⇀B

Flow of A into system = CA0 Q0

Flow of A out of system = CA Q
Rate of formation of A from reaction = −kVCA
d(CA V )
= CA0 Q0 − CA Q − kVCA
dt
[Luyben, 1996]

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 6/7

Heated Stirred Tank

Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 7/7

Heated Stirred Tank

Energy balance:
dT
ρCp V = ρCp Q(Tin − T ) + UA(TH − T )
dt

T : temperature
ρ: fluid density
Cp : heat capacity
V : volume
U: heat transfer coefficient
A: heat transfer area
[Chau, 2002]
Behzad Samadi (Amirkabir University) Industrial Control 7/7
 Chau, P. C. (2002).
Process Control: A First Course with MATLAB (Cambridge Series in
Chemical Engineering).
Cambridge University Press, 1 edition.
Luyben, W. L. (1996).
Process Modeling, Simulation, and Control for Chemical Engineers.
McGraw-Hill Companies, 2nd edition.

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