12/28/2017 Lighting Design Calculation in a Building - Electrical Wiring Installation

Lighting Design Calculation in a Building – Step by

Step

How to do Lighting Design Calculation in a Building – Electrical Wiring Installation

Table of Contents [Hide]

1 Maintenance Factor:

2 Room Reflections

3 Utilization Factor

4 Space to Height ratio

5 Lighting Design Calculation for Classroom

6 Lighting Design Calculation for Conference Room

7 Lighting Design Calculation for Hall

8 Lighting Design Calculation for Stair case Wiring

9 Lighting Design Calculation for Toilet WC

10 Lighting Design Calculation for Toilet Washroom Area

In professional field proper lighting design is very important because an under lighting arrangement will

decrease the efficiency of the task for which the lightings were designed and an over lighting arrangement

will result in over expenditure of the company. On small scale this difference is not too much to worry
about but in large buildings, plants, factories, etc it becomes very significant in today electrical wiring
installations.

The simple and basic approach for calculating the lighting requirement is to divide the total light
requirement of the room by light output (lumen) provided by a single lamp. Although this is the basic

approach for an average household room, but it’s not practically accurate.

In practical there are several other parameters which are necessary to be considered in the calculation

because nothings Ideal. For example the luminaries lumen output won’t be the same throughout the

entire life span, dust deposition on lamps will also reduce their output over time which means cleanliness
is also an important parameter. A bright painted room reflects more light than a dark coloured room so
they both have different lighting requirements.

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So it is important to first understand few basic terms about lighting design before beginning the

calculations.

Room Index- It is based on shape and size of the room. It describes the ratios of the room’s length, width

and height. It’s usually between 0.75 to 5.

Where “l ” is the length of the room,

“w” is the width of the room and,

hwc is height between work plane i.e. Bench to Ceiling

This formula for Room Index is applicable only when room length is less than 4 times the width.

Maintenance Factor:

It is ratio of the lamp lumen output after a particular interval of time as compared to when it was new. The
lumen output of a light fitting decreases with time because of aging of many of its components by internal

(saturation of elements) or external factors (dust deposition). For example maintenance factor of a light
fitting used in a cool dust free area will be better than the light fitting used in hot and dusty area.

It is less than or equal to 1.

Typical values used for the lighting calculation are:

0.8 – For offices/classroom

0.7 – For clean Industry

0.6 – For dirty Industr

Read More: Light Emitting Elements And Their Types

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Room Reflections

The room is considered to consist of three main surfaces:

1. The ceiling

2. The walls

3. The floor

The effective reflectance’s of these 3 surfaces affect the quantity of reflected light received by the working

plane. Light colors like white, yellow will have more reflectance compared to dark colors like blue, brown.

Utilization Factor

Utilization factor (UF) is the ratio of effective luminous flux to the total luminous flux of light sources. It is
the measure of the effectiveness of the lighting scheme.

It depends upon

The efficiency of luminaire

The luminaire distribution

The geometry of the space

Room reflectance’s

Polar curve

Read more: What is Energy Efficient Lighting and Techniques to Implement It

Space to Height ratio

It is the ratio of distance between adjacent luminaires (centre to centre) to their height above the working

plane.

Where,

Hm = Mounting height

A = Total floor area

N = No. of Luminaires

It should not exceed maximum SHR of the luminaire as provided by the manufacturer.

Note: A normal living room requires 20 lm/ft2 i.e. 215 lm/m2

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For Studying room i.e. Classroom 300 lm/m2 is required.

(Note that for different environment and conditions there are different standards. For example companies

like many MNC’s should maintain 600 lm/m2 in the Office’s for people working in night shifts)

Now let’s start with the steps. Consider the following layout of a particular floor of the School and analyse
the lighting requirements of different sections of the floor.

For ease of the calculation all the light fittings and their ratings taken into account are of Phillips make.

You can check the various fixtures and their specification here provided by Philips.

Click image to enlarge

Lighting Design Calculation for Classroom

Cross section area of classroom = 6×9 = 54 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 54×300 = 16200 lm

The below table is a reference table for calculating Utilisation factor for light fittings. It differs from model
to model and make to make. For just understanding the concept we are using a single reference table for
all the light fittings. The actual table is provided by the manufacturer and can be little different from the
one below.

Room Reflectance Room Index

C W F 0.75 1 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00

0.70 0.50 0.20 0.43 0.49 0.55 0.60 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.80 0.83

0.30 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.59 0.65 0.69 0.75 0.78

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0.10 0.29 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.70 0.74

0.50 0.50 0.20 0.38 0.44 0.49 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.73

0.30 0.31 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.53 0.58 0.61 0.66 0.70

0.10 0.27 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.48 0.53 0.57 0.62 0.66

0.30 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.52 0.57 0.60 0.65 0.69

0.30 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.41 0.47 0.51 0.54 0.59 0.62

0.10 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.37 0.43 0.48 0.51 0.56 0.59

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.48

UTILISATION FACTOR TABLE FOR SHRRoom = 1.5

Reflectance code for classroom = 752

i.e. 70% reflectance for ceiling, 50% for wall and 20% for floor (General standard for white/light coloured
walls)

For R.I. = 1.8 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor(U.F) = 0.66

For Classroom/Office Maintenance Factor = 0.8 (Standard)

Where N = Number of luminaire required for given area

E = Average luminance over the horizontal working plane

A = Area of the horizontal working plane

n = Number of lamps in each luminaire

F = Lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e. initial bare lamp luminous flux

UF = Utilisation factor for the horizontal working plane

M.F. = Maintenance factor

You may also read: Star and Delta Connected Lighting Loads

If we use Philips Green Perform LED Batten Of 40W

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Lumen/Watt: 4000lm/40w

Lamp Colour: Neutral White 4000K

Colour Rendering Index >80

Lifetime L70* : 50,000 hours

Lighting Design Calculation for Conference Room

Cross section area of Conference Room = 6×9 = 54 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 54×300 = 16200 lm

For R.I. = 1.8 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.66

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips Ultraslim Round LED Panel Light 22 W

Lumen/Watt: 1760 lm/22 W

Lighting Design Calculation for Hall

Cross section area of hall = 31×3 = 93 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 93×215 = 19995 ~20000 lm

For R.I. = 1.82 and reflectance code = 753, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.66

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips MASTER TL5 High Efficiency ECO 35 W

Lumen/Watt: 3650 lm/35 W

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Colour Rendering Index – 85

Average Lifetime: 25,000 hours

Lighting Design Calculation for Stair case Wiring

Note: read more about Stair Case wiring installation.

Cross section area of stair case = 6.4×2.7 = 17.28 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 17.28×215 = 3715 lm

For R.I. = 1.26 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.55

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips MASTER TL5 HIGH EFFICIENCY ECO 35 W

Lumen/Watt: 3650 lm/35 W

Colour Rendering Index – 85

Average Lifetime: 24,000 hours

Lighting Design Calculation for Toilet WC

Cross section area of WC Toilet 1&2 = 1.425×1.2 = 1.71 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 1.71×215 = 367 lm

For R.I. <0.75 Utilization Factor (U.F) table not applicable

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips TL Miniature 8 W

Lumen/Watt: 410 lm/8 W

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Colour Rendering Index – 60

Average Lifetime : 10,000 hours

Cross section area of WC Toilet 3&4 = 1.5×1.8 = 2.7 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 2.7×215 = 580 lm

For R.I. <0.75 Utilization Factor (U.F) table not applicable

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips MASTER TL5 HIGH EFFICIENCY ECO 14 W

Lumen/Watt: 1350 lm/14 W

Average Lifetime : 40,000 hours

So we can use single LED tube in sharing for both the bathrooms.

Lighting Design Calculation for Toilet Washroom Area

Cross section area of Washroom = 6×6.6 = 40 m2, h = 3m

Lumens required = 49.5×215 = 10642 lm

For R.I. = 1.05 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.49

M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)

If we use Philips Pacific LED Waterproof Batten 35 W

Lumen/Watt: 4200 lm/35 W

Colour Rendering Index – 85

Average Lifetime: 50,000 hours

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Note: The luminaires should be placed equidistance to each other for uniform distribution of light in the
room. The actual number of luminaires used in the classroom will be less than what we have calculated
since the utilization factor of LED lights is better than what we have taken in the calculation although steps

will be the same.

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