Agni-V

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Further information: Agni (missile)
Agni-V
Agni-V missile.jpg
Launch of the Agni V
Type Intercontinental ballistic missile[1][2]
Place of origin India
Service history
In service not yet deployed[3]
Used by Strategic Forces Command
Production history
Designer Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Manufacturer Bharat Dynamics Limited
Unit cost ?50 crore (US$8 million)[4]
Specifications
Weight 50,000 kg[5]
Length 17.5 m[6]
Diameter 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
Warhead Strategic nuclear weapon
Warhead weight 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb)[7]
Engine Three stage solid fuel
Operational
range
Over 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) Upto 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi),[1][8][9][10][11]
range can vary depending on payload mass[12]
Speed Mach 24 (terminal phase)[13]
Guidance
system
Ring laser gyroscope and inertial navigation system, optionally augmented by
GPS/IRNSS. Terminal guidance with possible radar scene correlation
Steering
system
flex-nozzle Thrust vectoring(all stages)[14]
Accuracy 10-80 m CEP with terminal guidance[15][16]
Launch
platform
8 � 8 Tatra TEL and rail mobile launcher (canisterised missile package) [17]
Transport Road or rail mobile
Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research
and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India.[18] Agni V is part of the Agni series
of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided
Missile Development Program. The DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat initially declined to
disclose the exact range of Agni-V.[11] Later, however, he described Agni V as a
missile with a range of 5,500�5,800 km. Du Wenlong, a researcher at China�s PLA
Academy of Military Sciences, told the Global Times that the missile has a range of
around 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi).[19][20][16]

US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center estimates that as of June
2017 no missiles yet were operationally deployed.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 Development
2 Testing
2.1 Preparation for testing
2.2 First test launch
2.3 Second test launch
2.4 Third test launch
2.5 Fourth test launch
3 Description
3.1 Propulsion
3.2 Mobility
3.3 Anti-satellite version
3.4 MIRVs
4 Reactions to testing
4.1 Domestic
4.2 Other states
4.3 International organisations
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Development[edit]

AGNI V at at Defence Expo

Agni V is primarily for enhancing India�s nuclear deterrence against China. Until
recently, the longest range missile India had was Agni-III with a range of
3000�3500 km. This range was not sufficient to reach targets on the extreme eastern
and north- eastern region of China. Most of the important economic centres of China
lay on its eastern sea board.[16]

Senior defence scientist M. Natrajan disclosed in 2007 that DRDO was working on an
upgraded version of the Agni III, known as the Agni-V, and that it would be ready
in 4 years.[21] The missile was to have a range of more than 5,000 kilometres
(3,100 mi).[22]

It was estimated that the missile will be operational by 2014 to 2015 after four to
five repeatable tests.[19][23][24] Indian authorities believed that the solid-
fuelled Agni-V is more than adequate to meet current threat perceptions and
security concerns. Even with a range of only 5,000 km, the Agni-V could hit any
target in China, including Beijing.[25] The missile will allow India to strike
targets across Asia and into Europe.[24][26] The missile's range will allow the
Indian military to target all of China from Agni-5 bases in central and southern
India, further away from China.[27] The missile was designed to be easy to
transport by road through the utilisation of a canister-launch missile system which
is distinct from those of the earlier Agni missiles.[6] Agni-V would also carry
MIRV (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) payloads being
concurrently developed.[28] A single MIRV equipped missile can deliver multiple
warheads at different targets.[28]

With a launch mass of around 50 tonnes (49 long tons; 55 short tons) and a
development cost of over ?2,500 crore (US$390 million), Agni-V incorporated
advanced technologies involving ring laser gyroscope and accelerometer for
navigation and guidance. It took its first stage from Agni-III, with a modified
second stage and a miniaturised third stage enabling it to fly distance of 5,000
kilometres (3,100 mi). With a canister-launch system to impart higher road
mobility, the missile will give the armed forces much greater operational
flexibility than the earlier-generation of Agni missiles. According to a source,
the accuracy levels of Agni-V and the 3,800-kilometre (2,400 mi) Agni-IV (first
tested in November 2011), with their better guidance and navigation systems, are
far higher than Agni-I (700 km [430 mi]), Agni-II (2,000 km [1,200 mi]) and Agni-
III (3,000 km [1,900 mi]).[24] According to the Project Director of Agni V, Tessy
Thomas, the missile achieved single-digit accuracy in its second test.[15]

Testing[edit]
Preparation for testing[edit]
The Former Indian defence minister A. K. Antony, addressing the annual DRDO awards
ceremony, asked defence scientists to demonstrate the 5,000-kilometre (3,100 mi)
missile's capability at the earliest opportunity.[6] DRDO chief V. K. Saraswat told
Times of India in mid-2011 that DRDO had tested the three solid-propellant
composite rocket motor stages of Agni-V independently and all ground tests had been
completed. In September 2011, Saraswat confirmed that the first test flight would
be conducted in 2012 from Wheeler Island off the Orissa coast.[24][29]

In February 2012, a source revealed that DRDO was almost ready for the test, but
there were scheduling and logistical issues since the missile was to traverse
halfway across the Indian Ocean. Countries like Indonesia and Australia as well as
international air and maritime traffic in the test zone had to be alerted 7� 10
days before the test. Moreover, Indian Navy warships, with DRDO scientists and
tracking and monitoring systems, were to be positioned midway and near the impact
point in the southern Indian Ocean.[24]

First test launch[edit]

On 19 April 2012 at 08.05 am, the Agni V was successfully test-fired by DRDO from
Wheeler Island off the coast of Orissa.[30] The test launch was made from the
Launch Complex 4 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Wheeler Island using a rail
mobile launcher.[31] The flight time lasted 20 minutes and the third stage fired
the re-entry vehicle into the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 kilometres (62 mi).
The missile re-entry vehicle subsequently impacted the pre-designated target point
more than 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) away in the Indian Ocean.[32] The director of
the test range, S.P. Das, informed BBC that all test parameters were met.[33]
According to news reports the Agni-V was able to hit the target nearly at pin-point
accuracy, within a few metres of the designated target point.[34]

Chinese experts say that the missile has the potential to reach targets 8000 km
away and that the Indian government had deliberately downplayed the missile's
capability in order to avoid causing concern to other countries.[35][36] The exact
range of the Agni-V missile is classified.[11]

Second test launch[edit]

On September 15, 2013 India conducted a second test flight of Agni-V from the
Wheeler Island off Odisha coast. The missile was test-fired from a mobile launcher
from Launch Complex 4 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at about 8:50 am. The
flight duration was little over 20 minutes and hit the pre-designed target in the
Indian Ocean with an accuracy of a few metres.[15][37]

Third test launch[edit]

On 31 January 2015, India conducted a third successful test flight of the Agni-V
from the Wheeler Island facility. The test used a canisterised version of the
missile, mounted over a Tatra truck . The Integrated Test Range Director, M. V. K.
V. Prasad, said: "The missile, witnessed a flawless 'auto launch' and detailed
results will be known after all data is retrieved from different radars and network
systems."[38][39]

Fourth test launch[edit]

On 26 December 2016, a fourth test of the missile was successfully conducted from
complex 4 of Wheeler Island, Odisha at 11.05 IST. This was the second canisterised
test of the missile and will now pave way for user trials of the missile by the
Strategic Forces Command (SFC).[40][41][42][43]

Description[edit]

Agni missile range.

Propulsion[edit]
The Agni-V is a three-stage solid fuelled missile with composite motor casing in
the second and third stage.[44] In many aspects, the Agni-5 carries forward the
Agni-3 pedigree. With composites used extensively to reduce weight, and a third
stage added on (the Agni-3 was a two-stage missile), the Agni-5 can fly
significantly more to inter-continental range.

Total flight duration for the first flight test of Agni-V on 20 April 2012 was for
1130 seconds. The first stage ignited for 90 seconds.[45]

Mobility[edit]
"The Agni-5 is specially tailored for road-mobility," explained Avinash Chander,
Director, ASL. "With the canister having been successfully developed, all India's
future land-based strategic missiles will be canisterised as well."[46] The missile
will utilise a canister and will be launched from it. Made of maraging steel, a
canister must provide a hermetically sealed atmosphere that preserves the missile
for years. During firing, the canister must absorb enormous stresses when a thrust
of 300 to 400 tonnes (300 to 390 long tons; 330 to 440 short tons) is generated to
eject the 50 tonnes (49 long tons; 55 short tons) missile.[46]

If the missile is ejected using a gas generator from the canister, then the missile
could be launched from any pre-surveyed launch location without the need for any
pre-built launch site.[16]

The launcher, which is known as the Transport-cum-Tilting vehicle-5, is a 140-ton,

30-meter, 7-axle trailer pulled by a 3-axle Volvo truck (DRDO Newsletter2014). The
canis-ter design�will reduce the reaction time drastically...just a few minutes
from�stop-to-launch, �[47]

Anti-satellite version[edit]
V.K. Saraswat said that an ASAT version is technically possible: ASAT weapon would
require reaching about 800km altitude. Agni V offers the boosting capability and
the �kill vehicle�, with advanced seekers, will be able to home into the target
satellite.[16]

MIRVs[edit]
In future, Agni-V is expected to feature Multiple independently targetable reentry
vehicle (MIRVs) with each missile being capable of carrying 2�10 separate nuclear
warheads.[48] Each warhead can be assigned to a different target, separated by
hundreds of kilometres; alternatively, two or more warheads can be assigned to one
target.[46] MIRVs ensure a credible second strike capability even with few
missiles. According to DRDO sources,an MIRV payload would be significantly heavier,
since it would consist of several nuclear warheads, each of them weighting about
400 kilogrammes. A 5-warhead MIRV, therefore, would weigh two tonnes.[16]

Reactions to testing[edit]
Domestic[edit]
In India, the success of the launch was received with much acclaim and widespread
media coverage.Then Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, congratulated the DRDO
by issuing a statement: "I congratulate all the scientific and technical personnel
of the DRDO and other organisations who have worked tirelessly in our endeavor to
strengthen the defence and security of our country. Today's successful Agni-V test
launch represents another milestone in our quest to add to the credibility of our
security and preparedness and to continuously explore the frontiers of science. The
nation stands together in honouring the scientific community who have done the
country proud."[49] Missile program director Avinash Chander commented that the
launch signified "giant strides taken by India in its integrated missile
development programme."[50] The then Defence Minister A.K. Antony also
congratulated the then DRDO chief Dr. V.K. Saraswat and DRDO team including its
Programme director Dr. Avinash Chander and said that "The immaculate success of the
Agni-5 is a major milestone in the country's missile research and development
programme."[51][52] Kanwal Sibal, former foreign secretary of India wrote, "In
reality, while self-restraint and attachment to peace do mark our policies, we
choose soft options also because we are conscious of our weakness and lack of
military preparedness. [..] China, in any case, possesses missiles with even longer
range. Earlier it was India that was vulnerable to Chinese missiles and now the
reverse will be true, creating a better balance in deterrence."[53]

Other states[edit]
People's Republic of China � A spokesman for China's Foreign Ministry said, "China
and India are large developing nations. We are not competitors but partners. We
believe that both sides should cherish the hard-won good state of affairs at
present, and work hard to uphold friendly strategic co-operation to promote joint
development and make positive contributions towards maintaining peace and stability
in the region."[33] The state-owned China Central Television (CCTV) reported that
the test was "a historic moment for India, and it shows that India has joined the
club of the countries that own ballistic missiles."[33] However, CCTV listed some
of the missile's shortcomings and reported that "it does not pose a threat in
reality." More negative commentary can be found in Global Times, a state-run
tabloid, which reported that India "still lags behind in infrastructure
construction, but its society is highly supportive of developing nuclear power and
the West chooses to overlook India's disregard of nuclear and missile control
treaties" and warned India not to "over-estimate its strength". Subsequently, they
also claimed that although India may have missiles that can reach all parts of
China, India stands "no chance in an overall arms race" with the country.[48][54]
Chinese experts say that the missile actually has the potential to reach targets
8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi) away and that the Indian government had "deliberately
downplayed the missile's capability in order to avoid causing concern to other
countries".[35][55]
Pakistan � Pakistani websites and news agencies prominently displayed news of the
launch.[56] An article by the Associated Press reported that Pakistani officials
showed no concern, with the foreign office spokesman saying only that India had
informed it of the test ahead of time in line with an agreement they have."[57]
United Kingdom � The BBC reported that the launch marked the moment India joined
an "elite nuclear club" that also included China, Russia, France, the US, the UK
and possibly Israel.[33]
United States � The United States stated that India boasted of an excellent non-
proliferation record and that it had engaged with the international community on
such issues.[58] A US State Department spokesman said, "We urge all nuclear-capable
states to exercise restraint regarding nuclear capabilities. That said, India has a
solid nonproliferation record."[59] Moreover, responding to comparisons with North
Korea's attempted launch of a long-range rocket that same week, Jay Carney said
that, "India's record stands in stark contrast to that of North Korea, which has
been subject to numerous sanctions, as you know, by the United Nations Security
Council."[57]
A Washington-based think tank has claimed that the US is supportive of India's
efforts to close missile gap with China and is comfortable with the progress being
made by New Delhi in this regard. Lisa Curtis, senior research fellow for South
Asia, and Baker Spring, research fellow in National Security Policy, at The
Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank said in a commentary, �The lack of
US condemnation of India's latest missile test demonstrates that the US is
comfortable with Indian progress in the nuclear and missile fields and appreciates
India's need to meet the emerging strategic challenge posed by rising China.� �It
is telling that no country has criticised India's missile test,� the US experts
wrote.[60] �The US change in position with regard to Indian missile capabilities
demonstrates how far the US-India relationship has evolved over the last decade,�
Curtis and Spring said.[61]
International organisations[edit]
NATO � NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen stated that they did not think
India was a missile threat, nor a threat to NATO and its allies, despite India's
advancement in missile technology.[62]
See also[edit]
 Nuclear technology portal
flag Military of India portal
Agni missile system
India and weapons of mass destruction
Related development
Agni III
Agni VI
K Series missiles
Related lists
List of nuclear weapons
List of states with nuclear weapons
Related people

V. K. Saraswat, Director General of DRDO

R. K. Gupta, Project Director for Agni-V[63]
Tessy Thomas, Project Director (Mission) for Agni-V[63]
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External links[edit]
3D Model Video of Agni-V
Inside the Agni-5 missile lab
[show] v t e
Missiles of the Republic of India
[show] v t e
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Categories: 2012 in IndiaBallistic missiles of IndiaIntermediate-range ballistic
missilesIntercontinental ballistic missiles
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