Chapter 7

Filter Design Techniques

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 Ideal Filter Responses

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 Designing Discrete Time Filters
1- Specification
Cut-off frequency, Roll off, Pass band Ripple, Stop
band Attenuation etc.

2- Design
Obtain h(n), Either FIR (filter taps) or IIR (Rational TF),
i.e. coefficients of the polynomials.

3- Realization
Structures

4- Implementation
PC, General Purpose DSP Chip, FPGA,
Programmable ASIC and ASIC

Ease of implementation is traded off

with speed, flexibility and cost
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 Specifications of DT Filters
Pass Band
Ripple
Pass Band

Transition Band

Stop band

Stop Band
Ripple
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 Specifications of DT Filters in Log
Domain

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 Specifications of DT Filters

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 IIR Filter Design

Transformation Approximation of Derivatives

Pole Zero Placement

Impulse Invariance
Bilinear Matched
Transformation Z-Transformation

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 Pole Zero Placement Method

• Zero causes a depression in the frequency

response at the position where that zero is
placed.

• Pole is responsible of generating peaks in the

frequency response at the particular positions
where these poles are placed.

• Poles and zeros close to the unit circle cause

more effect (peaks or troughs)

• By strategically placing zeros and poles,

simple frequency selective filters can be
obtained.
ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering
Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

Slide adopted from John Chiverton @ School of IT, Mae Fah Luang University

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 IIR Filter Design

Transformation Approximation of Derivatives

Pole Zero Placement

Impulse Invariance
Bilinear Matched
Transformation Z-Transformation

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 Traditional Analog Filter Design

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 Traditional Analog Filter Design

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 Transformation

1. Given the set of discrete time filter specs, i.e.

pass band, stop band widths and allowable
ripples

2. Translate the specs from discrete time to

continuous time

3. Design Continuous time (analog) filter, i.e. H(s)

4. Convert analog filter transfer function H(s)

into discrete time transfer function H(z)

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering

 DT Filters Design Flow

ADSP Department of Electrical Engineering