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SECTION A (15 marks)

Answer all question in this section.

1. Under the hot sun, the ocean water is not that hot compared with the exposed surface of
rocks on the beach. This is because water has

A high specific heat capacity

B high surface tension
C high latent heat of fusion
D high latent heat of condensation

2. The structure of sugar molecule is shown below. Which sugar has the above structure

A Ribose B Glucose
C Galactose D Fructose

3. The helical form of a polypeptide chain is due to the presence within the molecule of

A covalent bonds
B disulphide bond
C hydrogen bonds
D peptide bonds

4. Which of the following is found in both DNA and messenger RNA

A double helix structure
B sugar-phosphate chain
C ribose
D thymine
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5. The table below shows a few organelles and its function

Which of the following is the correct match for the organelle and its function?
I II III IV V
A (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
B (c) (b) (a) (e) (d)
C (b) (c) (d) (a) (e)
D (d) (b) (e) (c) (a)

6. The diagrams below show four types of plant cells.

What are P, Q and R?

Sclerenchyma Collenchyma Parenchyma
A P Q R
B Q R P
C R Q P
D R P Q
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7. The following statement is correct about the plasma membrane except

A Phospholipid molecules in a cell membrane are arranged with their hydrophilic
tails in the exterior and their hydrophobic heads on the interior
B Cholesterol molecules are inserted among phospholipid molecules to inhibit the
free movement of the phospholipid molecules
C Plasma membranes consist of two main components, phospholipids and proteins
D The globular proteins are found embedded inside the phospholipid matrix of the
plasma membrane

8. According to the induced-fit hypothesis of enzyme action, which of the following

statements is true?
A The binding of the substrate molecule depends on the shape of the active site
B The allosteric site of the substrate molecule is used to bind to the enzyme
C The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site slightly
D The substrate molecule modifies its shape to wrap around the enzyme molecule

9. In the presence of a fixed concentration of a competitive inhibitor, which of the following

would best characterize an enzyme-catalysed reaction when the concentration of the
substrate is increased?
I The Km increases
II The maximum rate of reaction, Vmax increases
III The maximum rate of reaction, Vmax decreases
IV The inhibition decreases
V The inhibition does not change
A I, II and IV C IV only
B I, III and V D V only

10. The table below shows classes of enzymes and examples of enzymes involved in the
reactions that they catalyse

Which of the following is correct for the classes of enzymes and the examples of enzymes?
I II III IV
A (a) (c) (d) (b)
B (b) (a) (c) (d)
C (c) (d) (a) (b)
D (d) (c) (b) (a)
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11 The diagram below shows non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction of
photosynthesis.Which of the following is true of X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Ferredoxin Plastoquinone Plastocyanin
B Ferredoxin Plastocyanin Plastoquinone
C Plastocyanin Plastoquinone Ferredoxin
D Plastoquinone Plastocyanin Ferredoxin

12. What will become of all carbons from a glucose molecule after it is completely oxidised?
A Pyruvate C Carbon dioxide
B Carbohydrate D Acetyl coenzyme A

13. During photosynthesis, which process releases electrons that return chlorophyll molecule
to their reduced state?
A activation of photosystem I
B oxidation of reduced NADP+
C phosphorylation of ADP
D photolysis of water

14. Which of the following is the special characteristic of CAM plants as compared to C4
plants during photosynthesis?
A Low rate of photorespiration
B The presence of Krantz anatomy
C The production of malate at night
D Effective fixation of carbon at high temperatures

15. During respiration, the electrons are passed along a chain of electron carriers. Listed
below are four of the carriers found in the electron transport system.
I Coenzyme Q III Flavoprotein
II NAD+ IV Cytochrome
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transport of electrons along these
four carriers?
A I, II, III, IV C II, III, IV, I
B II, III, I, IV D III, II, I, IV
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SECTION B(15 marks)

Answer all question in this section.

16 The diagram shows cells taken from the stem of a plant. Cells A , B and C are adjacent
cells and the figures indicate the water potential ψ of each cell.

(a) (i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the overall direction of water movement between
these three cells. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Explain your answer in terms of water potential. [ 2 marks ]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) The diagram below shows two plant cells, X and Y as seen through a microscope.The figures
show the solute potential ψ s and the pressure potential ψ p for both cells and the water potential
ψ for cell Y

(i) Calculate the water potential, ψ , of cell X .Show your working. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) State the name of the condition shown by cell Y and explain how this condition could
have arisen. [ 3 marks ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
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17. Figure below shows some of the reactions which occur during aerobic respiration in an
animal cell.

(a) Identify pathways X and Y. [2 marks]

X ..................................................................................................................................
Y ...........................................................................................................................…….

(b) Explain why one of the enzymes involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl
coenzyme A is called pyruvate dehydrogenase. [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State what is meant by the term decarboxylation. [1 mark]

................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) (i) State the site of oxidative phosphorylation in an animal cell. [1 mark]
................................................................................................................................................

(ii)
Cyanide prevents oxygen acting as the final electron acceptor in the electron
transport chain. Explain how cyanide stops ATP production by mitochondria.
[2 marks]
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section

18. (a) Draw and label the structure of plasma membrane according to the Singer model.
[4 marks]
(b) Explain the role of phospholipids in the structure and functioning of cell membranes.
[5 marks]
(c) Explain six function of proteins on the cell membrane. [6 marks ]

19. (a) Compare between competitive and non competitive inhibitors in enzymes catalysed
reactions. [4 marks]
(b) Explain the effect of temperature and pH on enzyme catalysed reaction. [6 marks]
(c) What is meant by enzyme immobilization. State the advantages of enzyme immobilizing
technology. [5 marks]

20. (a) Describe Krantz anatomy [3 marks]

(b) Explain how carbon dioxide is fixed in a CAM plant [7 marks]
(c) Differentiate the dark reaction in C3 and C4 plants. [5 marks]