IS 1343:2007
0.088 for R.C bridges & 0.154 for steel bridges. The impact
% for highway bridges can also be directly obtained from
the curves of IRC code.
IRC Class AA or 70R loadings. Less than 9m span- for
tracked vehicle 25% for span up 5m linearly reduced to 10%
for span of 9m.
For span 9m & more, tracked vehicle- for RC bridges, 10%
up to a span of 40m & in accordance with spans exceeding
40m. for steel bridges,25% for span up to 23m & as per span
exceeding 23m.
13.1.3 Detailed note on Beam and slab Deck bridges.
Beam bridge: Is consist of a horizontal beam supported at
each end by piers.(a)when the load pushes down on the
beam the top edge is push together or compressed ,while the
bottom of the beam is stretched or is under tension.(b)The
beam must be strong enough so that it doesn't bend under its
own weight and the added weight.
13.1.4 Slab deck bridge: A bridge deck is the roadway or
the pedestrian walkway, surface of bridge and is one
structural element of the superstructure of the bridge. The
Deck may be constructed of concrete, steel, open granting or
wood. Sometimes the Deck is covered with the Asphalt
concrete or other pavement. When bridge Deck is installed
in through Truss, it is sometimes called as Floor system.
Some bridges such as Tide Arch or a Cable stayed, the deck
is primary structural element, carrying tension or
compression to support span.
13.1.4.3 The anchorage shall transfer effectively and
distribute, as evenly as possible, the entire force from the
prestressing tendon to the concrete without inducing
undesirable secondary or local stresses.
13.1.4.4 The anchorage shall be safe and secure against both
dynamic and static loads as well as against impact (see
Annex C).
13.1.4.5 The anchorage shall have provision for the
introduction of a suitable protective medium, such as cement
grout, for the protection of the prestressing steel unless
alternative arrangements are made.
13.2 Procedure for Tensioning and Transfer
13.2.1 Stressing
13.2.1.1 The tensioning of prestressing tendons shall be
carried out in a manner that will induce a smooth and even
rate of increase of stress in the tendons. The prestressing
shall be controlled by measuring both the force applied to
the tendon and the elongation of the tendon. Stressing
schedule shall be incorporated in the design, which may
include the following:
a) Details of equipment and procedure for applying
prestress, specification of one end or simultaneous
stressing from both ends of tendons, stressing in
single stage or multiple
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stages, re-stressing for adjustment of force or
for monitoring of force, if required, etc.
b) Calculated amount of tensile force and
corresponding expected elongation of each tendon
when methods described in (a) are followed.
c) Minimum requirements of strength of concrete at
transfer (see also 16.2), stressing sequence with
respect to age of concrete or stage of construction,
requirements with respect to grouting operations of
neighbouring tendons.
d) Method(s) of measuring force and elongation. e)
Tolerances/limits of variation from design
requirements stated in (a) and (b) beyond which
reference should be made to the designer (In the
absence of any specified provision provided by the
designer, method described in 13.2.1.3 may be
adopted for acceptance).
f) Assumptions made in calculation of
forceelongation relationship should be given. These
include effective ‘E’ value of tendon, crosssectional
area of tendon, co-efficient of friction and wobble
factor between tendon and duct, assumed slip in
anchoring devices, if any, efficiency of prestressing
jacks where force is measured indirectly by
pressure gauges on jacks, corrections to elongation
due to changes in gripping length beyond
anchorages during stressing and any other relevant
information.
13.2.1.2 Any slack in the prestressing tendon shall
first be taken up by applying a small initial tension.
The initial tension required to remove slackness
shall be taken as the starting point for measuring
elongation.
Further increase of tension shall be carried out in
suitable steps and corresponding elongations noted.
The ‘force-elongation’ relationship shall be
recorded in tabular and/or graphical form. The
magnitude of initiatial effective elongation
corresponding to initial tension applied to remove
slackness shall be obtained from the recorded and
linearized portion of measured tensione longation
relationship and added to the measured elongation
to give the total elongation. Alternatively, the same
correction can be carried out graphically as shown
in Fig. 1.
13.2.1.3 In practice, the force and elongation of
tendon may not exactly match with the expected
values given in stressing schedule. In such cases
either the force (or the elongation) will be achieved
first and the other value lag behind. In such cases
the force (or elongation) shall be further increased,
but not exceeding 5 percent of the design value till
the elongation (or force), which