University of Salahaddin-Hewler

College of Engineering
Department of Civil Eng.

Prepared By:-
-Dilshad Ismail Ahmad
-Trifa Sabr Saeed
- Kamaran Abdulla Suleyman

Supervised By:-

-Mr.Zrar Sddiq

(2006-2007)

1
 ‫*ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ اﻧﻚ‬
*‫اﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺻﺪق اﷲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬

(32‫)اﻟﺒﻘﺮﻩ‬

They(Angels) said:"Glory be to You,we have no

knowledge except what you have taught us.Verily it is
you,the All-Knower,the All-Wise."

(Al-Baqarah 32)

2
To:-
Our parents whose learened us the way of life and dedicated
their love to us, and our teachers for their useful advises and
also for every word that they learned, and our project
supervisor Mr.Zrar Sddiq who helped us to prepare this
project of "Multistorey Design".

Dilshad,Trifa&Kamaran
27/5/2007

3
Table Of Contents:

-CHAPTER ONE………………………....SLAB

-CHAPTER TWO………………...........BEAMS

-CHAPTER THREE………………COLUMNS

-REFERENCES

4
 CHAPTER ONE

Design of Slab using

Direct Design Method(DDM)

Occupacy:-Supermarket
Primary dimensions:

-Slab Thickness:160 mm
-Beam Dimension:(300*560)mm
-Column Dimension:(400*400)mm

Limitations:
1-Min. 3 panels in each direction. O.K.
2-l¹/l²=5.8/4.4=1.32<2 Two-way span O.K.
3-Difference in spans=4.8-4.4=0.4 <4.8/3 O.K.
4-Offsets of columns=0 <10% O.K.
5-Calculating α1 & α2 :-

be for T-section=bw+2(h-t)=<bw+8t
=300+2(560-160)=<300+8*160
=1100=<1560
Be=1100 mm
Be for L-section=bw+(h-t)=<bw+4t
=300+(560-160)=<300+4*160
=700=<940
Be=700 mm

5
6
-Beams 1&2:

bh 3
I =k ,
b 12
b b
1 + ( e −1)( t )[4 − 6( t ) + ( t ) 2 + ( e −1)( t )3 ]
bw h h h bw h
k=
b
1 + ( e −1)( t )
bw h

For T-section:
K=1.72
For L-section:
K=2.6434

α=Ib/Is=4.61

-Beams 3&4:

α=15.455

-Beams 5&6

α=3.8144

-Beams 6&7:

α=11.7244

for all panels:

0.2<((α1*l2^2)/(α2*l1^2))<5.0 O.K.

7
6-Calculating L.L and D.L:

Min. uniformly distributed live load

for Supermarket,use 125 ksf

125 ksf=6.25 KN/m^2

Wd.l=wt. of slab+(tile+mortar)+gypsum plaster

For roof:

Wd.l=0.02*16+0.16*24+0.02*12+0.06*18+0.07*24
=7.16 KN/m^2

For other floors:

Wd.l=0.03*23+0.05*23+0.16*24+0.02*16=6.0 KN/M^2

8
Wd.l/Wl.l =6.25/6.0=1.04<2 O.K.

*All limitations satisfied and D.D.M can be applied.

Checking thickness according to ACI Code 9.5.3.3

Panel 1 2 3 4
αm 8.9 6.92 6.19 4.21

For all panels: αm>2 ,

Use Equ.(9-13)

t min.=(Ln(0.8+(Fy/1400))/(36+9*β))

Ln1=5.8-0.4=5.4 m
Ln2=4.8-0.4=4.4 m

Ln=5.4

β=5.4/4.4=1.2273

t min.=0.114 m=114 mm
t given=160 mm>114 mm

Use t=160 mm

9
 Design Of Floor Slab:

Total factored static moment=1/8 * Wu*L2*Ln^2

-Long direction(L2=4.8 m,Ln=5.4 m)

Wu=1.2*6.0+1.4*6.25
=17.342 KN/m^2
M=303.42 KN.m

-Short direction(L2=5.8 m,Ln=4.4 m)

M=243.41 KN.m

-ve & +ve moments in frames:

for exterior span according to ACI,13-6.3.3 table:
Use case 2:

0.57M
0.35M

0.16M 0.65M
0.65M
0.70M

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-Long direction , M=303.42 KN.m

-Short direction , M=243.41 KN.m

-Column strip & Middle strip moments:

C for the edge beam:

C=∑(1-0.63x/y)*((x^3 * y)/3)

11
 X,mm Y,mm (1- ∑(x^3 C,10^9
∑0.63x/y) y)/3
10^9
mm^4
1 160 700 0.856 0.956
A1 2.7173
2 300 400 0.5275 3.6
1 160 400 0.252 0.546
A2 1.8384
2 300 560 0.3375 5.04

C=2.7173 * 10^9 mm^4

Distribution of moments into :

-Column strip
-Middle strip
-Beams

-ve moment at face of exterior support:

-long direction,column strip

l2/l1=4.8/5.8=0.83
α1*l2/l1=4.61*0.83=3.83>1
Is=1.6384 * 10^9 mm^4
C=2.7173 * 10^9 mm^4

βt=C/(2*Is)=0.83
Using interpolation column strip shall be proportion to resist 93.7% of
factored moment.

12
Total moment of 48.55KN.m :
-beam 85%
-Col. st. 93.7%
-slab 15%
-M.st. 6.3%

Col.st. moment of beam=38.67 KN.m

Col.st. moment of slab =6.82 KN.m
M.st. moment = 3.06 KN.m

Short direction:

-beam 85%
-Col.st. 94.75%
-Total moment of 38.94KN.m -slab 15%

-M.st. 5.25%

Moment of beam=31.36 KN.m

Moment of slab=5.53 KN.m
Moment of M.st.=2.05 KN.m

-ve moment at exterior face of interior support:

-short direction
Col st. 68.7%(beam 85% , slab 15%)
M.st. 31.3%

-ve moment at exterior face of first interior support & of

typical interior supports:
-long direction

Col. st. 80.1%(beam 85% , slab 15%)

M.st. 19.9%

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+ve moment in exterior & interior spans:
Same as –ve moment at interior support

Exterior span Interior span

-ve +ve -ve -ve +ve -ve
Width=4.8m T-M 48.55 173 212.4 197.22 106.2 197.22
M.st. =2.4m Slab 38.67 117.8 144.61 134.28 72.31 134.28
Col.st.=2.4 m Beam 6.82 20.8 25.52 23.7 12.76 23.7
M.st 3.06 34.43 42.27 39.25 21.13 39.25
Width=5.8m T-M 38.94 138.74 170.4 158.2 85.2 158.2
Col.st.=2.9m Slab 31.36 81 99.5 92.4 49.75 92.4
M.st. =2.9m Beam 5.53 14.3 17.6 16.3 8.78 16.3
M.st. 2.05 43.43 53.34 49.5 26.67 49.5

Calculation of ρ:

ρ = 1 (1 − 1− 2mR )
m fy
M=fy/(0.85f'c)=15.46
R=Mu/(Ф*b*d^2)

14
Using Ф 12mm, 25mm concrete cover:

dL=d(long direc.)=160-25-(12/2)=129 mm

dS=d(short direc.)=129-12=117 mm

Long direction:
-Col.st. & M.st:

ρ=0.0647(1-√(1-0.00316Mu))

Short direction:
-Col.st.

ρ=0.0647(1-√(1-0.00318Mu))

-M.st.

ρ=0.0647(1-√(1-0.0027Mu))

15
 Area of steel bars
Ф12 mm ,As=113 mm^2
Smax.=2*t =2*160= 320 mm
As=ρbd

-Long direction:

Exterior span Interior span

-ve +ve -ve -ve +ve -ve
Col.st.As,mm^2 619 681 836 774 619 774
No. of bar 6 7 8 7 6 7
Spacing Smax. Smax. 300 Smax. Smax. Smax.
M.st.As,mm^2 619 1114.56 1393.2 1300.3 681 1300.3
No. of bar 6 10 13 12 7 12
Spacing Smax. 240 184 200 Smax. 200

-Short direction:

Exterior span Interior span

-ve +ve -ve -ve +ve -ve
Col.st.As,mm^2 678.6 678.6 678.6 678.6 678.6 678.6
No. of bar 6 6 6 6 6 6
Spacing Smax. Smax. Smax. Smax. Smax. Smax.
M.st.As,mm^2 678.6 1323.27 1628.64 1526.85 814.32 1526.85
No. of bar 6 12 15 14 8 14
Spacing Smax. 240 193 207 362.5 207

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Long direction
-Col.st.:
-ve(top bar) Ф12@30 cm C/C……a
+ve(bottom) Ф12@30 cm C/C…….b

-M.st.:
-ve, Ф12@15 cm C/C…….c
+ve, Ф12@15 cm C/C……d

Short direction
-Col.st.:
-ve , Ф12@30 cm C/C……e
+ve , Ф12@30 cm C/C…...f

-M.st.:
-ve , Ф12 @15 cm C/C……g
+ve , Ф12@15 cm C/C……h

For corner use Ф10@20 cm C/C

17
18
 Factored shear strength

Floor area around B3 (most critical beam):

A=4*(0.5*204^2)+2*1
=16.32 m^2

Applied shear force=A*Wu

=16.32*17.342=283.02 KN

Resisting shear force=(Ф/6)*√f'c *b*d

=(0.75/6)*√20.7 *4.8*0.129
=352 KN

Resisting shear force>Applied shear force

-No shear reinforcement required

19
 Design Of Roof Slab
D.L=7.16 KN/m^2 L.L=2 KN/m^2

Wu=11.39 KN/m^2

Moment:
-long direction=198.75≈200 KN.m
-short direction=159.45≈160 KN.m

-Long direction:

Exterior span Interior span

Ex -ve +ve -ve -ve +ve -ve
Total 32 114 140 130 70 130
M.st. 2.016 22.69 27.86 25.87 13.93 25.87
Beam 25.49 77.64 95.32 88.51 47.66 88.51
Slab 4.5 13.7 16.82 15.62 8.41 15.62

Col.st. width=2.4 m
M.st. width =2.4 m

d=129 mm , m=15.46

M fy
R= u
, m=
Φbd 2
f ′c
Col.st:
-ve As=619.2 mm^2 Use 8Ф12 @ 30cm C/C
+ve As=619.2 mm^2 Use 8Ф12 @ 30cm C/C

M.st.:

-ve As=897.84 mm^2 Use 8Ф12 @ 30cm C/C

+ve As=743 mm^2 Use 8Ф12 @ 30cm C/C

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-Short direction

Exterior span Interior span

Ex -ve +ve -ve -ve +ve -ve
Total 25.6 91.2 112 104 56 104
M.st. 28.55 35
Beam 53.26 65.4
Slab 9.4 11.54

-Col.st. width=2.9 m
-M.st. Width =2.9 m

d=117 mm , m=15.46

Col.st.:
-ve M , Use 8Ф12 @ 30 cm C/C
+ve M , Use 8Ф12 @ 30 cm C/C

M.st.:
-ve M , Use 12Ф12 @ 24 cm C/C
+ve M , Use 9Ф12 @ 32 cm C/C

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 CHAPTER TWO

Design Of Beams

BL: Beam in Long direction

BS: Beam in Short direction

22
 -Floor Beams
-Long direction:

Grid 1:- Using Moment Distribution Method Of Analysis

bh 3
Ib = ×2 =8.8 * 10^-3
12

Ic=(0.4*0.4^3)/12= 2.13*10^-3 m^4

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 EI
K=4
L
Kb=129.78
Kc=60.73

DF(1-2)=129.78/(129.78+2*60.73)=0.52
DF(1-1`,1-1``)=0.24
DF(2-3)=0.34
DF(2-2` ,2-2``)=0.16

1
FEM = Wu l 2
12
Wd.l=Wt. of slab+Wt. of beam+Wt. of wall
=(7.92*0.16*24)+(0.3*0.4*5.8*24)+(7.7*5.8)
=91.8 KN/5.8 m =15.8 KN/m≈16 KN/m

Wl.l=6.25*7.92=49.5 KN/5.8m =8.53 KN/m≈9 KN/m

Wu=1.2*Wd.l+1.6Wl.l=1.2*16+1.6*9=33.6 KN/m

24
 FEM=94.19 KN.m

Joint 1 Joint 2 Joint 3 Joint 4 Joint 5

1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-2 3-3 3-4 4-3 4-4 4-5 5-4 5-5

DF 0.24 0.51 0.34 0.16 0.34 0.34 0.16 0.34 0.34 0.16 0.34 0.51 0.24

COF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 94.19 -94.19 94.19 94.19- 94.19 94.19- 94.19

94.19
DM 22.79 48.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
48.04 22.79
COM 0 24.02 24.02-

DM 8.19- 3.84- 8.19- 8.19 3.84 8.19

COM - 4.095- 4.095- 4.095

4.095
DM 0.991 2.089 - -
2.089 0.995
COM 1.045 1.045-

DM 0.36- - 0.36- 0.36 0.168 0.36

0.167
COM 0.18- 0.18- 0.18 0.18

∑ 23.78 - 110.7 -4.01 - 89.915 - 102.74 4.01 - 48.34 -

48.34 102.74 89.915 110.705 23.78

25
According to ACI (8-3-3):
Using Coefficient method for calculating moments:

-ve moment at exterior face of first interior support:

ln2
M = Wu
10

-ve moments at other faces of interior supports:

ln2
M = Wu
11

-ve moment at interior face of first exterior support:

ln2
M = Wu
16

26
-It is clear that the results of coefficient method are close to (greater or
equal)moment dist. Method,so it is possible to use coeff. Method(ACI
8.3.3) to determine moments and shear in design of beams.

-Long Direction

Beam BL1:
+ve moment =80.74 KN.m
-ve moment =113 KN.m
Shear =112 KN

27
m=15.46
R=Mu/(0.9*b*d^2)

2 × 15.46 × 0.01402 × M u
ρ = 0.065(1 − 1 − )
272

1.4 f c
ρ min = ≥ = 0.0015
fy 4f y

-ve As=968.36 mm^2 (5Ф16)

+ve As=775.6 mm^2 (4Ф16) ,ρmin control

Spacing:

(300-2*20-2*10-5*160)/4=40 mm>25 mm O.K

Shear:

w uln
v u = 1.15 = 112.06 KN
2
1-If Vu>ФVc Shear reinforcement required

1 d
a − Vu < f `c b w d , S ≤ or 600mm
3 2

1 2 d
b− f `c b w d < Vu < f `c b w d , S ≤ or 300mm
3 3 4

28
2-If (ФVc/2)<Vu<ФVc Min. reinforcement required

1 bwS d
Av = , S max =
3 fy 2
Φ
ΦVc = f `c b w d ; Φ = 0.75
6
ФVc=87.7 KN

For beam BL1 : min. shear required

S=257 mm

Use Ф10mm@25cm C/C

Beam BL2:

-Ve moment=102.76 KN.m

+Ve moment=70.64 KN.m

29
 Floor Beams:

-Ve M +Ve M Shear -Ve +Ve Shear

KN.m KN.m Force,KN Reinf. Reinf. Reinf.
Long Grid BL1 113 80.74 112.1 5Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Dir. (1) BL2 102.76 70.64 97.44 5Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Grid BL`1 178.97 127.83 177.42 6Ф20 4Ф20 Ф10@25cm
(2) BL`2 162.7 127.8 154.3 5Ф20 4Ф20 Ф10@25cm
Short Grid BS1 65.71 47 85.87 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Dir. (A) BS2 71.1 55.86 74.67 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Grid BS`1 106.57 76.12 139.3 5Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
(B) BS`2 115.3 90.6 132.1 5Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm

30
 Roof Beams:

-Ve +Ve Shear -Ve +Ve Shear

M M Force,KN Reinf. Reinf. Reinf.
KN.m KN.m
Long Grid BL1 79.39 57 78.7 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Dir. (1) BL2 73 56.7 68.44 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Grid BL`1 115.6 83 114.6 5Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
(2) BL`2 105 82.56 99.6 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Short Grid BS1 46.46 33.2 60.72 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Dir. (A) BS2 51 33.2 57.6 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
Grid BS`1 60 43 78.43 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm
(B) BS`2 65 43 74.41 4Ф16 4Ф16 Ф10@25cm

31
CHAPTER THREE

Design of Columns

32
Roof:

e min . = 15 + 0.03h = 0.027m

Axial load=∑Reactions + Wt. of column

COL. P,KN ex,m ey,m Case

C1 500.31 0.1313 0.1411 Biaxial
C2 861.72 0.1237 emin . Uniaxial
C3 839.42 0.0357 0.1332 Biaxial
C4 1525 0.0319 emin . Uniaxial
C3` 894.42 0 0.125 Uniaxial
C4` 1566.24 0 emin . Axial

Ground floor:

COL. P,KN Mx,KN.m ex,m My,KN.m ey,m Case

C1 131.57 50 0.46 60 0.38 Biaxial
C2 218.94 6.39 0.274 60 emin . Uniaxial
C3 224.8 72.2 0.07 15.5 0.32 Biaxial
C4 368.5 10.6 0.061 22.5 emin . Uniaxial
C3` 255 72.2 --- --- 0.283 Uniaxial
C4` 369.5 10.6 --- --- 0.029 Axial

33
 Design of Columns for Ground Floor:

(C1): P=500.31 KN , ex=0.1313m , ey=0.1411m (Biaxial condition)

ex/h=0.33 ey/h=0.353
Assume ρ=0.01 (ρmin.)
Ag=0.16 m^2 = 248 in^2 Ast=1600 mm^2

Using Interaction Diagrams:

400 − ( 2 * 20)
γ= = 0.8
400

f ′c = 28Mpa = 4Ksi
f y = 420Mpa = 60Ksi

From reciprocal method:

1 1 1 1
= + −
ΦPn ΦPnx ΦPny ΦP0

ΦPnx = Pux = 264.37Kip = 1176.44KN

ΦPny = Puy = 270.8Kip = 1205KN
ΦP0 = Pu = 515.8Kip = 2295.5KN
ΦPn = 803.7KN > 500.31KN O.K .
Use 8Ф16 Ast=1600 mm^2

Ties: -16*Фbar=256 mm
-48*Фtie=480 mm
-least column dimension=400 mm
Use Ф10@25 cm C/C

34
(C`4): P=1566.24 KN (Axial condition)

ΦPn = 0.8Φ[0.85f ′c( Ag − Ast ) + Ast f y ]

Use ρmin.=0.01 Ast=0.0016m^2=1600 mm^2

ФPn=2309.8 KN> 1566.24 O.K.

Use 8Ф16 mm with ties of Ф10@25 cm C/C

(C2): P=861.72 KN ex=0.1237 m (Uniaxial condition)

e/h=0.31

Pu=193.64 kip
Pu 193.64
= = 0 .3 ……………….ρmin. Controls
′
Φf cAg 0.65 * 4 * 248

*:-In all columns of Roof and Floors ρmin. Controls

Use 8Ф16 mm and Ties of Ф10 mm@25cm C/C

35
 References

-Arthur H.Nilson,David Darwin,Charls W.Dolan,

(Design of concrete structures,13th eddition)

-Jack C.Mc Cormac,James K.Nelson

(Design of reinforced concrete,6th eddition)

-Building Code requirements for structural concrete and

commentry(ACI 318M-05)

-Arthur H.Nilson,George Winter

(Design of concrete structures,10th eddition)

-Lectures of Reinforced Concrete Design by Dr.Omer Qarani

THE END.

36