Comparative study of hot HRS transmission tower
with CFS transmission tower under influence of
wind load.
Mayuri S.Yadav
M E Student(Structural Engineering),
G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering,Pune.
Savitribai Phule Pune University.
Email :- mayuriy398@gmail.com
Abstract—
The metal structures which keep the transmission line off the
ground are power transmission towers. Generally most of
transmission tower have been fabricated from hot-rolled steel
angles. But availability of thinner hot-rolled sections is limited
therefore hot rolled steel can be replaced with the cold formed
steel.Formulation of transmission towers is tendered in a
perspective of confronting high voltage transmitting conductors
and insulators to stand in need of altitude from the ground
level. For the same purpose a transmission tower is replicated
with similar context of height 49m and fetching a 220KV
double circuit conductor, maneuvered with STAAD PRO. The
contemplations from both structural and electrical fields are
viewed in designing transmission line towers, for safe and
economic aspects. According to IS 800-2007, the wind forces
are much prominent on the tower, conductors and insulators,
besides the self-weight. This work is focused in optimizing the
transmission tower with employing the 'X' and 'K' bracings,
and by varying the sections, examined using Static analysis.
The upshots of using 'X' bracing to 'K' bracing are the
appraisable reduction in the weight of the structure by 6% and
having the displacement values supplemented.
Keywords : Transmission tower, hot rolled steel, cold formed
steel, STAAD-Pro Vi8
I. INTRODUCTION
Transmission tower structures help facilitate the transportation of
energy from the generating source to the substations where power
is distributed. In India, development of electric power over the
years has been unparalleled. The increasing demand for electric
energy can be met more economically by developing different
light weight configurations. Therefore analysis and design of
transmission towers for different loading conditions are
important. Cold-formed angles are more readily available in
thinner & smaller sections. They provide a feasible alternative for
more economical structures. Unlike hot-rolled sections, cold-
formed angles are available in more varieties of shapes.
Transmission tower with cold-formed can be used to provide
stiffening lips to prevent local buckling of thin wide elements &
to optimize shapes. Ch. Sudheer et.al.[2] studied analysis and
Prof. D.V.Aainchwar
Assistant Professor
G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering,
Savitribai Phule Pune University.
Email :- darshna.ainchwar@raisoni.net
design of 220kv transmission line tower in different zones I & V
with different base widths.
Transmission lines are used to distribute electricity to places
often far away from where it has been produced. The main
supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission
tower. Development of strong transmission system between
resource generation complex and bulk consumption centre‟s are
required. This work is focused in optimizing the transmission
tower with employing the 'X' and 'K' bracings, and by varying the
sections, examined using Static analysis. The upshots of using 'X'
bracing to 'K' bracing are the appraisable reduction in the weight
of the structure by 6% and having the displacement values
supplemented. In the present work a 220kv transmission line
tower is modeled using STAAD-Pro.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
JORDAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, VOLUME
7, NO. 4, Transmission line towers constitute about 28 to 42
percent of the cost of the transmission line. The increasing
demand for electrical energy can be met more economically by
developing different light-weight configurations of transmission
line towers.In this report, an attempt has been made to make the
transmission line more cost effective by changing thegeometry
(shape) and behavior (type) of transmission line structure. This
objective is met by choosing a 220kV single circuit transmission
line carrying square base self-supporting towers. With a view to
optimize the existing geometry, one of these suspension towers is
replaced by a triangular base self-supporting tower. Then, the
structural behavior of existing tower is looked upon by
developing a square base guyed mast. Using STAAD, analysis of
each of these three towers has been carried out as a three-
dimensional structure. Then, the tower members are designed as
angle sections. For optimizing any member section, the entire
wind load computations have to be repeated, simultaneously for
the analysis and design. Then, all these three towers are
compared and analyzed.
ISSN 0974-5904, VOLUME 09, NO. 03 Formulation of
transmission towers is tendered in a perspective of confronting
high voltage transmitting conductors and insulators to stand in
need of altitude from the ground level. For the same purpose a
transmission tower is replicated with similar context of height v. Weight of ice coating (if any).
49m and fetching a 220KV double circuit conductor, maneuvered vi. Weight of lineman with tools.
with STAAD PRO. The contemplations from both structural and b) Transverse or Horizontal Loads:
electrical fields are viewed in designing transmission line towers, i. Wind load on conductor.
for safe and economic aspects. According to IS 800-2007, the ii. Wind load on ground wire.
wind forces are much prominent on the tower, conductors and iii. Wind load on insulator string
insulators, besides the self-weight. This work is focused in iv. Wind load on tower structure.
optimizing the transmission tower with employing the 'X' and 'K' v. Transverse component of tensions in conductor and
bracings, and by varying the sections, examined using Static earth wire.
analysis. The upshots of using 'X' bracing to 'K' bracing are the c) Longitudinal loads:
appraisable reduction in the weight of the structure by 6% and i. Unbalanced pull due to broken conductor.
having the displacement values supplemented. ii. Unbalanced pull due to broken ground wire.
iii. Load due to temperature variation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & d) Torsional Loads:
ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 12, i. Due to earth wire broken.
DECEMBER-2015 ISSN 2229-5518 The metal structures which ii. Due to conductor broken.
keep the transmission line off the ground are power transmission
towers. Generally most of transmission tower have been Load Combinations: The towers are analyzed and designed for
fabricated from hot-rolled steel angles. But availability of thinner
the following load combinations.
hot-rolled sections is limited therefore hot rolled steel can be
replaced with the cold formed steel. In his report an attempt is a. DL + MT.
made that 220kV transmission line tower is analyzed and design
b. DL + WLz + MT
using STAAD-Pro Vi8. In this study, the towers are designed in
four wind zones from II to V with different steel sections such as c. DL + WLx + MT
hot rolled and cold formed. The towers are modeled using
constant parameters such as height, bracing system and base
width and the loads are calculated from IS: 802 (1995). Hot
V. PROBLEM STATEMENT
rolled sections are design according to IS 800: 2007 using limit
state method whereas cold formed sections are design according :A transmission line tower is a three dimensional cantilever truss.
to IS 801:1975 using working state method. The obtained results Its analysis as a space frame is highly tedious. Majority of forces
are compared for deflections in different wind zones and it is act only at its top end. The standards under IS 802 series have
observed that deflection in cold formed steel is more as compared been prepared with a view to establish uniform practices for
to hot rolled steel. design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of overhead
transmission line towers. As transmission line towers are
comparatively light weight structures and also that the maximum
wind pressure is the main criterion for the design, also
III. OBJECTIVES
concurrence of earthquake and maximum wind pressure is
unlikely to take place..
 To design 220KV transmission tower for various wind zone
in accordance with IS-802 for design calculation. Table 4.1: Parameters for the transmission line and its
 To perform finite element analysis of transmission tower in
staddpro. components.
 To design for 765KV , 2000KV and 4000KV in various
Transmission line voltage 220 kV.
wind zones.
 To compare CFS and HRS sections for X and K bracing. Suspension
 To check yielding ,force deformation relationship in Tower type
type.
maximum capacity in various wind forces.
No. of circuits Single circuit.

Angle of Line deviation 00- 20

IV. LOADS ON TRANSMISSION LINE TOWER Terrain type considered Plain (II).

Basic wind speed 39 m/s.

The transmission line towers are subjected to the following loads:
a) Vertical Loads: These arises from the following, Basic wind pressure 0.483 KN/m2.
i. Weight of tower structure.
Maximum temperature 750
ii. Weight of insulator strings and fittings
iii. Weight of power conductor. Average every day
iv. Weight of ground wire. 320
temperature
 Fig 1.Wind Load along Z direction
Min. temperature 00
Suspension
Insulator type
type.
Weight of insulator disk 3 KN.
Weight of ground wire
2 KN.
attachment
Wind span 300 m.

Weight span 450 m.

Fig2. 220kV Load along Y direction

However, in earthquake prone areas the design of towers

foundations need to be checked for earthquake forces
corresponding to no wind load and maximum temperature in
accordance with IS 1893: 1984

VI. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF

TRANSMISSION TOWER USING STAAD
PRO.
VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

VII. CONCLUSION
 First stage of study includes numerical study of transmission
tower as per IS 802.The assimilation of field investigation
data is necessary for the accurate planning and faster
implementation of the project

 The present project presented the idea for using the advanced
structural tool STAAD.pro to solve complicated engineering
problems involving beam and in very less time. It has been
revealed that the load combinations involving wind-forces
were critical amongst all combinations. Hence the design
was carried out for those combinations. The wind force
normal to cables was found to the worst of all. The design
given by STAAD.pro has been found to be complying with
IS-800: 1984 and all the members were safe.

 In later stage HRS transmission tower with CFS transmission

towers are studied, from graph it is revealed that deflection
due to wind load and 220kV load is 25-30% higher in CFS
than HRS transmission tower. Hence additional bracings are
required for CFS type transmission tower .However
longitudinal moment remains same for both cases

VIII. REFERENCES
1. Analysis and Design of 220kV transmission line tower
with hot rolled and cold formed section. International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume
6, Issue 12, December-2015 ISSN 2229-5518

2. Analysis of Transmission Towers with Different

Configurations. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering,
Volume 7, No. 4, 2013

3. Analysis and Design of Transmission Tower Using

STAAD.PRO. ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 09, No. 03

4. American National Standar

Institute/Telecommunications Industry Association
(ANSI/TIA) (2006). Structurd Standard for Antenna
Supporting Structures and Antennas.
5. ANSI/TIA Standard 222-G, Arlington, VA.American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)(2010b). ASCE-7
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures. ASCE, New York. ASCE (1991).

6. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice

No. 74. ASCE, Reston, VA. Bayar.

7. IS 802 Part 1 Sec 1 1995 Code of practice for use of

structural steel in overhead transmissionline towers, Part
1