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Report Genrated Date 22 May, 2017
Plagiarism Status 61% Unique
Total Words 931
Total Characters 6039
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Abstract—
The metal structures which keep the transmission line off the ground are power transmission towers.
Generally most of transmission tower have been fabricated from hot-rolled steel angles. But

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availability of thinner hot-rolled sections is limited therefore hot rolled steel can be replaced with the
cold formed steel.Formulation of transmission towers is tendered in a perspective of confronting
high voltage transmitting conductors and insulators to stand in need of altitude from the ground
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level. For the same purpose a transmission tower is replicated with similar context of height 49m
and fetching a 220KV double circuit conductor, maneuvered with STAAD PRO. The contemplations
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from both structural and electrical fields are viewed in designing transmission line towers, for safe
and economic aspects. According to IS 800-2007, the wind forces are much prominent on the tower,
conductors and insulators, besides the self-weight. This work is focused in optimizing the
transmission tower with employing the 'X' and 'K' bracings, and by varying the sections, examined
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using Static analysis. The upshots of using 'X' bracing to 'K' bracing are the appraisable reduction in
the weight of the structure by 6% and having the displacement values supplemented.
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Keywords : Transmission tower, hot rolled steel, cold formed steel, STAAD-Pro Vi8
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I.Introduction

Transmission tower structures help facilitate the transportation of energy from the generating
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source to the substations where power is distributed. In India, development of electric power over
the years has been unparalleled. The increasing demand for electric energy can be met more
economically by developing different light weight configurations. Therefore analysis and design of
transmission towers for different loading conditions are important. Cold-formed angles are more
readily available

in thinner & smaller sections. They provide a feasible alternative for more economical structures.
Unlike hot-rolled sections, cold-formed angles are available in more varieties of shapes.

Transmission tower with cold-formed can be used to provide stiffening lips to prevent local buckling
of thin wide elements & to optimize shapes. Ch. Sudheer et.al.[2] studied analysis and design of
220kv transmission line tower in different zones I & V with different base widths.
. Transmission lines are used to distribute electricity to places often far away from where it has been
produced. The main supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission tower.
Development of strong transmission system between resource generation complex and bulk
consumption centre‟s are required. This work is focused in optimizing the transmission tower with
employing the 'X' and 'K' bracings, and by varying the sections, examined using Static analysis. The
upshots of using 'X' bracing to 'K' bracing are the appraisable reduction in the weight of the
structure by 6% and having the displacement values supplemented. In the present work a 220kv
transmission line tower is modeled using STAAD-Pro.
III.Objectives

• To design 220KV transmission tower for various wind zone in accordance with IS-802 for design
calculation.

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• To perform finite element analysis of transmission tower in staddpro.
• To design for 765KV , 2000KV and 4000KV in various wind zones.

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• To compare CFS and HRS sections for X and K bracing.
• To check yielding ,force deformation relationship in maximum capacity in various wind forces.

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IV. Loads On Transmission Line Tower ol
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The transmission line towers are subjected to the following loads:
a) Vertical Loads: These arises from the following,
i. Weight of tower structure.
ii. Weight of insulator strings and fittings
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iii. Weight of power conductor.

iv. Weight of ground wire.
v. Weight of ice coating (if any).
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vi. Weight of lineman with tools.

b) Transverse or Horizontal Loads:
i. Wind load on conductor.
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ii. Wind load on ground wire.

iii. Wind load on insulator string
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iv. Wind load on tower structure.

v. Transverse component of tensions in conductor and earth wire.
c) Longitudinal loads:
i. Unbalanced pull due to broken conductor.
ii. Unbalanced pull due to broken ground wire.
iii. Load due to temperature variation.
d) Torsional Loads:
i. Due to earth wire broken.
ii. Due to conductor broken.
V.Problem Statement
:A transmission line tower is a three dimensional cantilever truss. Its analysis as a space frame is
highly tedious. Majority of forces act only at its top end. The standards under IS 802 series have
been prepared with a view to establish uniform practices for design, fabrication, inspection, and
testing of overhead transmission line towers. As transmission line towers are comparatively light
weight structures and also that the maximum wind pressure is the main criterion for the design, also
concurrence of earthquake and maximum wind pressure is unlikely to take place..
Table 4.1: Parameters for the transmission line and its components.
VIII. Conclusion
• First stage of study includes numerical study of transmission tower as per IS 802.The assimilation
of field investigation data is necessary for the accurate planning and faster implementation of the
project
• The present project presented the idea for using the advanced structural tool STAAD.pro to solve
complicated engineering problems involving beam and in very less time. It has been revealed that
the load combinations involving wind-forces were critical amongst all combinations. Hence the
design was carried out for those combinations. The wind force normal to cables was found to the
worst of all. The design given by STAAD.pro has been found to be complying with IS-800: 1984 and
all the members were safe.
• In later stage HRS transmission tower with CFS transmission towers are studied, from graph it is
revealed that deflection due to wind load and 220kV load is 25-30% higher in CFS than HRS

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transmission tower. Hence additional bracings are required for CFS type transmission tower
.However longitudinal moment remains same for both cases

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