flew round and round the pillar

which contained the body of

Osiris, uttering mournful chirP-
ings. After she had treated the
ch-ild thus for some time, the
queen one night saw her son
burning in the fire, whereupon
she uttered a piercing cry, and so
prevented
^the him from obtaining
gift of immortality which was
about to be bestowed upon him.
Then Isis revealed herself to the
queen,and told her her story, and
begged that the pillar might be
given to her. When this hac
6een done. she removed it anc
cut out the box, and having
wrapped the pillar up in fint
linen^and anointed it-with un
guents, she gave it back to tht
Fing and queen, who sent it t<
the temple-of Byblos, where i
was dulv and regularlyworshiPPe-Tht
"of
by the beople the c;ty.
tiee trunk,- or pillar, is confuse
pL with the Jeg, the raising uP o
fllt which to an upright position wa
tt one of the most sacredceremoni
-l of thegreat festivalofOsiris. Th
U illustrition shows the Tet in th
E form in which it was worshiPPe
fi.1 at Abvdos. This done, Isi
5T
threw herself upon the box an
uttered such piercing shrieks an
lamentations that the younger c
the kinq's sons was frightene
into coniulsions and died on th
spot. She then Placed the bo
in a boat, and taking the elde
The Tet of Osiris, with the son with her, she
set sail fc
olumes. horns, disk, breast- Egyfr.
itrte ana pectoral of the god.
Soon after her deParturesh
 346 Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection
" mentioned, for I am pure." Then Thoth promised r
make mention of his nime ro the god osirii but befq
he qlct
ne did so
so he
he asked
asked the
the deceased
deceasedthe
th'e question .,\\iho
question,: ,, \yho i
" he whose heaven is of fire, whoie walls are are liviq
liviol
" uraei, and the floor of whose house is a streamstream C
" water ? " The deceasedreplied : ,,Osiris." We
presume-thathis introduction-to the god then took
for Thoth said : ,,Advance, thou shilt be mention'eJ
him." The text end-swith a promise that the bread
beer of the deceasedshall be supplied from the Eye
Ra. and thus the a
tinuance of his life
felicity was assured
ever.
Closely con
with the Judgu
Sceneis the CXXVI
Chapter of the Boot
the Dead, which q
tains the prayer of
deceasedto the F
Apes who sit br
Lake of Fire near
throne of Osiria
their answer. He says: " Hail, ye Four Apes, r
" sit in the bows of the Boat of Re, who convey tru&
" Neb-er-tcher, who sit in judgment on my we:l
" and my strength, who propitiate the gods by the f
" of your mouths, who make offerings to the gods,
" sepulchral meals to the Spirits, who feed upon
" who are without deceit and fraud. to whom wick
" is an abomination, do away my evil deeds,put away
" sin, which merited stripes upon earth, destroy
" soever evil is in me, and let there be nothing
" which shall separate me from you. Let me
" throu
through the Ammehet, let me enter Re-stau, let
" pass through
through the pylons
pylons of Amentet,
Amentet, give me of, of
" bread, and beer, and dainty food which are giverglven
" the living Spirits, and let me enter in and come
" from Re-stau." The Four Apes say : " Advance"
" we have done away thy wickedness,and we have
" away thy sin, and thy sin committed upon e
19
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 r34 Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection
From the above facts we are able to state the un(
following:- ser
When an Egyptian was born he was believed to wh
possessa physicalbody ( Khat) and an immaterial Double Eg
(K"), which lived inside the body and was associated Ch;
closely with the Ba, which dwelt in the hearr,and which pre
appears to have been connectedwith the Shadow of the asc
phylic.a! body. Somewhere in the body lived the Khu Re:
or Spirit-soul, the nature of which was unchangeable, stat
incorruptible,and immortal. When the body diei there for
could be raised from it by means of words, holy or
magical, and ceremonies performed by the priesis, a gral
abo
beli
rese
we
cern
will
tribr
belie
esch
ro th
thos

Isis giving bread and water to the Heart-soul.

s
Spirit-body called Saltu, which the Khu (Spirit-soul) modt
'H-eart-soul,
could inhabit at pleasure. The Ka, Ba, or The
and Shadow dwelt in the tomb with the body, or hyen
wandered about outside it and away from it. when'thev come
desired to do so. Their existence was finite, and appear's tentl;
to have terminated whenever funerary offerings faijed to and i
be made to them. As all tomb-endowmenrs came ro an body
end sooner or later, the destruction of the Ka and its soul look ;
and shadow was certain. On the other hand, the Sahu, the p
or Spirit-body, which was revivified from the physical that z
-derived
!ody, was wholly independentof offerings, for it spiritr
its sustenancefrom the Khu, or Spirit-soul.
Spirit- and this Johns
was self-existent and immortal. Therefore it was the
rE
Sahu which entered heaven and lived with Osiris and the
'l
blessed for all eternity. This being so it is easy to 3
-Ir
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]ru-NtrI^tY 0J, NWAH

24 I\,IENTHU.RA

or MENTEu-R;,H r- o $; thoughhe wascommonly

S CI ]
describedas " lord of Thebes,"the chief seatof his worshipwasat
Hermonthis,the Annu-Res*, t.*., " Heliopolisof the
fi 3 & 6,
South," of the hieroglyphictexts. Menthu was probablyan olil
local god whose cult was sufficiently important to make it

fr
XH
Irt
l!
rab
O-

Menthu giving " lifo " to Ptolemy Alexander,

necessaryfor the priests of Amen to incorporate him with the

great goil of Thebes,and he appearsto have been a personification
of the destructive heat of the sun. The chief centres of his
worship were Annu of the South, Thebes, Annu of the North,
Tchertet, B =
. : a€9
(Edf0),
\ Dendera, and perhapsthe templesof
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EL6 trTgJ,S HJINUUJJUI\I

 276 QETESI{ /tND AX'rHat
country. There is no reason for doubting tbat the sun was
worshipped in the earliest times in Egypt, but the form of his
worship,as approvedand promulgatedby the priestsof Heliopolis,
appears to have differed from that rvhich was current in other
parts of the country, and it is probablethat it possessed
something
of an Asiatic character. The foreign gods rvho succeededin

+
^
f'
v
The godclesr Qelesh stending ou & lion between Min arrd Reshpu.

obtnining a placein the affectionsof the Egyptiansrvereof Libyan

and semitic origin, and there is no evidencethat they borrowed
any deity, except Bns, from Nubia, or the country still further to
the south of Egypt.
First amongthe foreign ileities rvho are macleknown to us
o
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ro sourouoala_n'l
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6L I .LYN,f, f,HT dO SNOISIAIO

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 204 BOOK OF THE UNDERWORLD
Nut, H, with arms outstretcheclreacly to receive Rd. Thus the
god,reachesthe end ofthe luat aud passesby an opening through
its borcler, which is painteil black, clottecleverywhere with reil
'We
spots. have seen that Rd was omnipotent in all divisionsof
the underworld, except one, which was sacred,to Osiris; in this
neither Rd nor his name appears.

We may now pass on to the considerationof the contentu

the (( Boor ol rEAT wgrcg rs rN THE UNDERwOBLD.',
authorities for the text and vignettes of this work are n
and from the copies of both which have come down to us ir
r SeeSharpe,Egyptianlnscripttiona,lstseries, pll. 28-82; 2nclseries,pll
Pienet, Eacueil, tom. v., pp. L03 ff; Lanzono,Domicileiles Erytrits, pais,
Bwch, Payrgrusof Naskhem,I:ond.on,1863; Mariette, payryru* Egylttiens,t-*
AM EN.RA-H E R U _K H U TI,

AM EN- RA _ (H A R MA C H IS ).
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