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    concept norm definition Oxford English Dictionary

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    concept norm definition Oxford English Dictionary

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    11 views3 pages

    Norm OED

    Uploaded by

    alfonsougarte
    concept norm definition Oxford English Dictionary

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Entry printed from Oxford English Dictionary © Oxford University Press 2009 norm, n. (na:m) [Anglicized form of norma: cf. also Norme.} 1. a. A standard, model, pattern, type. (Common since c 1855.) 1821 Coterioce in Blackw. Mag. X. 257 Each after its own norm or model. 1828 Pusty Hist. Enq. 1. 21 Every expression of his upon controverted points became a norm forthe party. 1857 P. Freeman Princ. Div. Serv. ll. 143 The norm and measure of all our eucharistic thoughts, and words, and actions. 1877 E. Cairo Philos. Kant iv. 66 The mind must find in itself the norm or principle of unity upon which it works. 1911 R. Boke Coll. Poems (1918) 154 All of the accents upon all the norms!—And ah! the stress on the penultimate! We never knew blank verse could have such feet. 1941 J. P. Marquano H.M, Pulham, Esquire iv. 44 Beatrice considered that | was utterly characteristic, completely true to type; once she called me anorm. 1961S. R. Herman in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 505 Frequently the newcomer arrives with the belief that the prevailing norm about using Hebrew to the exclusion of other languages is more rigidly observed than is actually the case... Soon, however, the newcomer becomes aware of the wide range of deviations from the norm. 1964 M. ArcyLE Psychol. & Social Probl. iii. 38 One particular respect in which a group equilibrium develops is in the formation of norms—shared patterns of behaving, feeling and thinking. All social groups develop norms, particularly about matters connected with the group's main purposes and activities... When group members deviate from the norms, various kinds of persuasion, pressure and sanctions are exerted in order to make them conform. 1965 Economist 13 Feb. 645/2 The other vital point will be the ‘norms’ or ‘guiding lights’ [for incomes] recommended for each year. b. Algebra. (See quots.) Also defined analogously for other quantities. Uintroduced as L. norma by Gauss 1832, in Commentationes Recentiores Soc. R. Scient. Gottingensis Vil. Class. math. 98.] 1856 W.R. Hamitton Notebook in Halberstam & Ingram Math. Papers Sir W. R. Hamilton (1967) lll. 657, a + ib is said to be a complex number, when a and b are integers, and i = v — 1; its norm is a* + b*; and therefore the norm of a product is equal to the product of the norms of its factors. 1866 BRANDF & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. I. 228/2 The product a’ + b* of a complex number a + by— 1, and its conjugate a — by— 1 is called its norm. 1932 TurNauL & Arrken Introd. Theory Canonical Matrices iv. 38 This fundamental Hermitian inner product of x and x is often called the norm of the complex vector x. The square root of the norm, taken with positive sign, (xx)", is sometimes denoted by |x|. 1949 A. Atserr Solid Analytic Geom. i. 3 The norm of a vector P is defined to be the inner product P-P = x: +...+ X#. 1952 C. MOLLER Theory of Relativity iv. 99 It then follows..that the ‘square of the magnitude of the four-vector’, or the norm of the vector, Sia = Sia# , is an invariant. 1967 MacLANe & BikkHOFF Algebra v. 187 Each quadratic field Q(vd), with the elements o = r + svd, has as automorphisms the identity and ¢ |> 0 =r —- svd . The product 00 = r* + s'd is called the norm N(a) of o. (ii) The positive square root of the quantity defined above; more generally, a quantity defined on a vector space over the real or complex field which represents a generalization of the concept of length or magnitude and has the properties that ul » 0 if u # 0 (lJull being the norm of the vector u), [ull = Oifu =O, aul] = |al [ul (a being a real number), and Ju + vj a b/c d > max (lal, |bI, |cl, |d]) defines a norm in M.{€). The mapping a b / cd > vial? + |b|? + |cl? + |al’) defines another norm. 1970 F.A. MaTsen Vector Spaces & Algebras i, 11 The norm N: of c is defined by Ne = (cc*)"" = v(a? + b’) c. In Communist countries, a standard unit of work prescribed. 1935 S. & B. Wea Soviet Communism Il. ix. 706 They [sc. piece-work rates] are, in some cases, even progressive, the rate rising by stages for output beyond the norm. 1952 Manch. Guardian 6 June, Stakhanovite women miners in the Donetz basin are performing four, nine, and eleven norms each. 1959 Times 12 Mar. 13/6 This moulding process may vary from the crudest regimentation and subordination..to factory-like specification and ‘norms’ to mere pilotage..towards the Marxist haven. 2. Petrol. A hypothetical mineral composition of a rock calculated by assigning the compounds present to certain relatively simple minerals in accordance with prescribed rules. 1902 [see move n. 5b]. 1932 A. JOHANSEN Descr. Petrogr. Ign. Rocks Il. 272 (heading) Table 135. Norms of rhyolites. 1973 jrnl. Petrol. XIV. 35 The There exist norms which cannot be expressed in this way in terms of an inner product. In the case where an inner product exists, it is clear that the length of a vector satisfies the requirements for a norm. /bid. 185 Let M., x(C) be the vector space of 2 x 2 matrices over the complex field. Then the mapping a b / c d > max (al, |b|, |cl, |d|) defines a norm in MAC). The mapping

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