GLOSSARY

application software The name

absolute cell reference Refers given
to cells to software that instructs a
in a specific location. By putting a computer
dollar sign in front of a column or to carry out a specific task.
row Examples
reference, the reference becomes of application software include
absolute and will not change word
when processing, databases,
copied or moved. drawing/painting
access time The time taken to and spreadsheets
retrieve Arithmentic and Logic Unit
an item of data from storage (ALU)
address A storage location on a Part of the Central Processing Unit
storage which performs the arithmetic
media or in memory, where a operations (calculations) and logic
data operations (alphabetic and
item or instruction is stored numeric
aggregate query A special type sorting)
of ASCII American Standard Code
query within Access that allows for
you to Information Interchange – a
group your numerical data to binary
perform coding system used on mini and
specific mathematical functions. microcomputers, representing
algorithm A step by step set of each
instructions which when followed alphanumeric symbol as a 7 or 8
in bit
sequence, solves a specific code
problem. assembler A program which
alignment Describes the position converts
at text in Assembly Language into
which text appears on a line on Machine Code to be used by a
the computer
page attachment A file that is sent
analog The term used to with an
describe a e-mail message
quantity whose value changes back up To make a copy of a
continuously. An analogue device program,
is disk or data
one that uses or measures a backing storage Storage media
continuously varying quantity. used to
preserve data for future use.
Magnetic
media (floppy disks, hard disk,
magnetic tape) and optical media
(CDs and DVDs) are the most
common backing storage devices
used
bandwidth The characteristic of
a combined
communication channel
representing
the range of frequencies which
can be
transmitted by the channel.This
determines the speed at which
data
can be transmitted over the
channel
barcode A set of vertical bars of
different widths that is printed on
an
item for sale, and is used to
identify
the item and its price. Barcodes
are
read by a special laser scanner.
Libraries
also use barcodes to identify
books,
videos and CDs
batch processing A method of
processing data where the data is
gathered into a series of batches
before
being processed
BCD An abbreviation for Binary
Coded
Decimal. In this number system,
each
decimal digit of a number is
written as
a 4-bit binary number rather than
converting the entire number. For
example, 207 would be coded as
001000000111, the binary codes
for 2,
0 and 7.
bistable device An electronic
device
which, like a switch, can store one
of
two voltage levels – they are
in memory circuits to represent
the
binary digits in computer
data.The
high voltage representing a
binary
1, the low voltage representing a
binary 0.
Glossary
bit A bit (binary digit) is the
smallest
item of information a computer
can
work with. It is represented by
either
the binary 0 or 1
border In printing a spreadsheet
certain
groups of column or rows may be
fixed so that the information they
contain appears as left or top
borders
and will appear on all pages of
the
print-out
broadband This type of channel
bandwidth can carry the widest
range
of data signal frequencies, e.g.
coaxial
cable and fibre optics cables
browser A software application
that
allows you to go to resources and
websites on the Internet
buffer A temporary block of
memory
bulletin board An electronic
equivalcnt
of a conventional bulletin board. It
is
used as part of a communication
network where users cam post
messages, read messages posted
by
other users, communicate with
the
system operator and upload or
download programs
byte A unit of data that is eight
bits
long. A single byte (binary term)
corresponds to a single letter,
number
or other symbol on a keyboard.
Computer memory and storage
sizes
are measured in thousands or
millions
of bytes.The units are kilobyte
(kb),
megabyte (Mb) and gigabyte
(Gb): 1
Gb = 1024 Mb = 1 048 576 kb.
cache A special memory or store
where
the computer temporarily keeps
frequently used data. For
example,
often-visited web pages are
stored in a
cache directory on the hard disk.
By
‘caching’ data, computers work
faster
CADD Computer-Aided Design
and
Drafting.This is the use of
computers
and graphics in design and
drafting
process
CAM Computer-assisted
manufacturing.This is the use of
computers to control machines in
the
manufacturing process.
cathode-ray tube (CRT) A tube
in
which a controllable beam of
electrons
is produced and focused onto a
screen
to produce a visible image.The
CRT
is the basis of the computer
screen and
the TV screen
CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read
Only Memory) An optical device
that uses a laser to store and read
data.
It can store 650 Mb of data. Being
read-only, data cannot be
changed or
deleted.
cell The position on a
spreadsheet
where a row and a column
intersect.
See also absolute cell reference.
central processing unit (CPU)
The
‘brain’ of a computer which
controls
how the rest of the computer
works. It
processes all of the information
and
instructions used by the computer
character codes Binary patterns
used
to represent characters in a
computer
system. See ASCII
characters The set of symbols
that are
represented in a computer.
Characters
may be letters, digits or symbols
as
listed in the ASCII and EBCDIC
character sets
chart A pictorial or visual
representation
of data contained in a
spreadsheet
client A client computer has
access to a
network but does not share any of
its
resources with other computers
on the
network. It imports shared
network
resources provided by another
computer called a server. See
server
client/server The term used to
describe the splitting of the
workload
on a LAN between a client
computer
and a server computer. See
server
clipboard A temporary storage
place
where text is placed when it is cut
or
copied.
command-line interface A
means by
which a user can interact with a
computer.The user has to type
commands, using a special
language,
for the computer’s operating
system to
respond. See also graphical user
interface; menu-driven interface
compiler A program that
translates a
program written in a high-level
language into executable
machine
code and saves the code to a file
(the
object program) for later
execution.
computer program A set of
instructions that tell a computer
what
to do and how to do it
computer virus A program that
infects
computer files and makes them
do
something unexpected or
damaging
constant A variable whose value
does
not change its value in the
program
CPU See Central Processing Unit
data dictionary Provides
documentation which helps to
eliminate redundancy, by storing
the
name, description and other
details of
each data item
data flow diagram A pictorial
representation showing how data
moves through an information
system.
Data flow arrows illustrate the
flow of
data to and from processes within
the
system
data logging The automatic
collection
of data over set periods of time,
such
as the collection of weather
information.
data processing Sorting,
searching, or
performing calculations on data in
order to achieve some form of
output
database An organised collection
of
related items of information.
Databases
can be of several types which
vary in
their complexity, e.g. an address
book
with names, addresses, telephone
numbers, birth dates is a simple
example.
database management
system
(DBMS) The term for programs
that
handle the storage, modification
and
retrieval of data, as well as
controlling
who has access to the
information.
OR
Software which provides the tools
necessary for the efficient
management
of databases on the computer.The
computer user can create and
manage
databases of varying complexity
with
the tools provided. Examples of
Database Management Systems
include
Dbase IV,Microsoft Access, Lotus
Approach
data-capture form A form used
to
collect data, such as a
questionnaire
debugging The process of
finding the
errors in the source code
(detection),
understanding why they occurred
(diagnosis) and correcting them
decision table A pictorial
representation of program logic
illustrating, in the form of a table,
the
appropriate actions to be taken
for
each combination of conditions
decision tree A pictorial
representation
of program logic illustrating in the
form of mathematical tree, the
actions
to be taken for each combination
of
conditions.
default When software is
installed on a
computer, it is automatically set
up to
start in a certain way.This is
known as
being installed with the default
settings. Default settings can
often be
changed by a user.
digital The term used to describe
the
representation of data as different
combinations of the binary digits
(bits)
0 and 1. See analogue.
digital versatile disk (DVD)
Using
optical storage technology, a DVD
can
store up to 17 Gb of data –
typically
20 times more data than CD-
ROMs.
This means that full-length
feature
films can be put on DVD. As a
result,
DVDs are often referred to as
digital
video disks.
Glossary
direct access This is where data
stored
on a media can be retrieved in
any
order from the storage media.
Magnetic disk and optical disk
(CD,
DVD) provide direct access to
data
diskette See floppy disk
download The process whereby
programs or data are transferred
via
communications channels from a
computer and stored on media
located
at the user’s computer
driver Effectively a specially
written
‘main’ program which accepts
test
data, feeds it to the module being
tested, and displays results of
testing for
comparison with expected results
dry run When a programmer
manually
follows through the source code
of a
program using test data to ensure
that
the logic correctly solves the
original
problem
duplex A transmission system
that
allows data to be transmitted in
both
directions at the same time.This
system is sometimes called full
duplex
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code.This
represents each character using
8-
binary digits thus allowing a
character
set of 256 characters.
e-commerce The buying and
selling of
goods and services on the
Internet
and, in particular, on the World
Wide
Web
electronic funds transfer at
point of
sale (EFTPOS) A system used in
shops to read the magnetic strip
on a
customer’s credit, debit or store
card.
By swiping such a card through a
reader, the customer’s account
information and the cost of the
goods
bought are transferred to the
banking
system
electronic mail (e-mail)
Messages
transmitted electronically by
computers via communication
channels. It is usual for such
messages
to be held in a central store (a
mailbox) for retrieval at the users
convenience
electronic point of sale (EPOS)
See
Point of Sale Terminal
encryption Encoding data before
transmission so that it appears
unintelligible unless it is
decrypted
using a software key
entity-relationship diagram
(ERD)
Diagram that illustrates the
logical
structure of a database
EPROM (Erasable Programmable
Read-Only Memory). A type of
memory chip that can be erased
by
removing it from the computer
motherboard and exposing it to
ultraviolet light.The chip can then
be
reprogrammed with new data.
expert system Computer
systems
developed to simulate the
knowledge
of a human expert in a specific
field.
These systems are used for
consultation, diagnosis and to
assist in
problem solving within a
specialised
application
extranet An intranet which
allows
authorised outsiders limited
access
feasibility study In-depth study
of an
application area for the purpose
of
establishing whether a new
system of
automation should be developed.
In
general, the expected benefits
should
exceed the combined cost of
installing
the new technology and
developing
the system
field (1) A section of a record
containing data relating to one
attribute of an entity
(2) Part of a machine instruction
containing an operation or
address
file The basic unit of storage in a
computer.A file is a collection of
data,
such as a program or a user-
created
document, e.g. a letter created on
a
word processor
file compression Reducing the
size of
a file for storage, or for sending
via the
Internet
file conversion The process of
changing one data file or form to
another without changing or
damaging the data. An example is
saving a Word file (.doc) as text
(.txt)
file organisation The way in when the disk is removed from
which the
the records of the file are disk drive
organised on font A collection of characters
a secondary storage device (letters,
file protection Preventing any punctuation marks, numbers and
changes special characters) of a particular
being made to a file by, for size
example, and style
allowing read-only access or form A graphical user interface
assigning designed specifically for entering,
passwords displaying, and searching data
file server A high-performance formatting The process of
computer that is available to all preparing a
users magnetic disk for storing data by
on a network, allowing them to creating a map of the tracks and
share sectors on the media surface.
application programs and data. Formatting a disk enables data to
See also be
server written to and read from the disk
filtering The process of selecting directly
some
of the records of a worksheet on formula A series of instructions
the that
basis of certain criteria. See also performs a calculation and
query displays the
floating-point number A result
number that Fourth generation language
is expressed in two parts.The first (4GL) A
is computer programming language
called the mantissa and the other which allows the program to
the specify
exponent ‘what’ is to be achieved rather
floppy disk A flexible magnetic than
coated ‘how’ it is to be achieved
disk, commonly used with function A ready-made formula
microcomputers, on which data built
can be into a spreadsheet, e.g. SUM, IF
stored magnetically.They are gigabyte 1024 consecutive
housed in megabytes
a rigid plastic case having a of data. See Byte
sliding global variable A variable that
shutter which automatically exists
closes throughout the run of a program
graphical user interface (GUI)
A Wide
visual way by which a user can
interact with a computer.
hacking The unauthorised access
and
use of networked or stand-alone
computer systems to steal or
damage
data and programs
half duplex A transmission
system that
allows data to be transmitted in
one
direction at a time along a
communication channel.The
system
can transmit and receive data but
not
at the same time
hard disk A sealed disk unit
which
records data magnetically on a
set of
aluminum disks. Its rigid
construction
allows for higher storage
densities.
Access times for a hard disk are
much
faster than for floppy disks.
hardware This is the name given
to the
physical parts of a computer.
Hardware
includes the central processing
unit,
the memory, storage devices,
input
devices and output devices. See
also
peripherals
home page The main web page
available for access at a World
Web site intended to greet
visitors,
provide information about the
site, and
direct them via hyperlinks to
other
web pages with more related
information
host (server) Computer on the
Internet that provides services
such as
e-mail, news or data to other
computers
hub The device to which each
computer in a star network is
connected
human-readable Output which
is
printed as reports, graphs and so
on,
which can be read and
interpreted
hypertext links Links between
text, or
other objects, on web pages.
Hypertext
links (usually underlined words
displayed in a different colour)
enable
users to jump to another web
page or
to another website
HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) A computer language
used
for documents on the World Wide
Web
HyperText Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) The set of rules
(protocols)
used to show web pages on a
computer that have been
retrieved
from web servers.The
abbreviation
‘http’ in an address tells you that
it is a
website
immediate access storage The
primary memory located on the
computer motherboard. Used by
the
CPU for temporary storage of data
importing Bringing data from
one
system or program into another.
indexed file A file which contains
pointers to records in an
associated
database file and allows for the
rapid
location of records in the file in
random order
information Produced from the
processing of raw data files, the
results
of which can be used for decision
making
information system A term to
describe any record-keeping
system –
manual, mechanical, mechanised
or
computerised
inherent addressing The
address mode
in which the address fields are
implied
in the operation code
integrated software This is a
program
that joins together, in a single
package,
all the major types of application
– text
word processing, spreadsheet,
database,
etc. Data is shared easily
between these
integrated programs
interactive processing A
processing
system that provides a direct
communication link and an
interface
between computer system and
the user
Internet A worldwide network
linking
up millions of computers
Internet Service Provider
(ISP) A
company that provides access to
the
Internet for individuals,
businesses and
other organisations
interpreter A computer program
which
interactively translates and
executes the
source code of a program without
permanently storing any
executable
code
intranet A private network based
on
Internet standards, available only
within a business or other
organisation. Nobody else is
allowed
access to this network.
joystick An input device that
uses a
lever to control movement of the
cursor or graphic images
justification The adjustment of
alignment of one or more lines of
with a particular margin, e.g.
alignment with the left margin,
the
right margin or both.The term
justification often is used to refer
to
full justification of the alignment
of
text along both margins
Glossary
key field The field in a database
that
always has a unique value,
regardless of
how many records there are. It is
also
known as the primary key
keyboarding The process of
entering
data into a computer accurately
using
a keyboard as an input device
key-to-disk Keyboard entry of
data at a
computer for direct storage to
magnetic disk without previous
storage on another medium
keywords Instructions within a
computer program
kilobyte 1024 consecutive
kilobytes of
data. See byte
labels Non-numeric data that a
spreadsheet will not use in
calculations, such as a person’s
name or
an address
light pen A light-sensitive input
device
which when it touches the screen
detects the presence or absence
of
light.The user can point to
specific
areas on the screen and modify or
change them
linking Combining pieces of code
and
data together to form a single
executable object code
local area network (LAN) A
group of
computers, printers and large
hard
disks linked up to form a network,
usually on one site
local variables Variables
declared within
a subroutine (procedure or
function).
They are created when the
subroutine
is started and only exist for the
time
the subroutine is run
logic errors Mistakes in the
sequence of
program sentences, such as using
the
wrong mathematical formula or
operator
machine code A sequence of
numeric
codes which is stored in memory
and
used by the CPU to carry out the
instructions of the program
machine-readable Output in a
form
that only a computer can process,
such
as microfilm
magnetic disk A circular mylar
(floppy
disk) or metallic (hard disk) plate
on
which electronic data can be
stored
magnetically; suitable for direct
or
random access data storage and
retrieval
magnetic tape A storage
medium
made of a flexible plastic strip
tape
covered with magnetic material
on
one side. Provides serial or
sequential
access to data. It is available in
spools
or cassettes
magnetic-ink character
recognition
(MICR) A method of input that
reads characters printed in
magnetic
ink. MICR is used by banks to
process
cheques
mail merge A word processing
facility
that uses data from a database
such as
names and addresses, together
with a
written document – usually a
letter, to
create multiple, individualised
copies
of the document much like
personalised letters. Each copy
contains some common text but
each
bearing different addresses
main memory Electronic high-
speed
circuits, which the computer can
use
to store and retrieve data quickly.
See
immediate access storage
mainframe computer Large
scale
computer with one or more
powerful
CPUs, high capacity backing
storage
media and a variety of peripheral
devices connected. Used to link
hundreds of computer users via a
network in the same building or
across
a large geographical region
margins Space provided to the
left,
right, top and/or bottom of a page
of
text or data
media (singular: medium) The
physical materials on which a
computer keeps data, instructions
and
information for future use
megabyte 1024 consecutive
kilobytes of
data. See byte
memory A device where data
can be
stored and from which it can be
retrieved.A memory usually
consists of
a silicon chip (or chips) that
temporarily stores data and
instructions. See random-access
memory; read-only memory
menu A list of options from which
you
can choose what you want to do.
Application programs use menus
as an
easy alternative to having to learn
program commands
merge The combination of two or
more files on the basis of
common
field (key field)
microcomputer A computer built
using a microprocessor (CPU)
microfiche An output medium
consisting of microfilm
sheets.Very
high-density storage can be
attained
using this method of storage.
microprocessor The Central
Processing Unit consisting of a
single
chip which contains the
Arithmetic
and Logic Unit (ALU) and the
control
unit (CU)
modem An input and output
device
that enables a computer to send
data
to, and receive data from, another
computer, over a telephone line
monitor A television-like device
used
to display data
mouse An input device that
controls
the movement of the cursor.The
cursor moves in response to the
movement of the mouse on a flat
surface
multi-tasking A method of
organising
computer systems so that several
different tasks or applications can
be
accessed at the same time
multi-user Many users can
access the
computer system simultaneously,
each
having different access rights and
a
share of the resources
musical instrument digital
interface
(MIDI) This connects computers
to
musical instruments and music
synthesisers so that musical data
can be
manipulated in digital format
network The linking up of
computers
and peripherals to share files,
programs
and other resources.The
computers
can be in the same site or
different
sites. See bus network; local area
network; ring network; star
network;
wide area network
network card An interface,
known as a
‘card’, that is put inside a
computer to
allow it to access other computers
or
printers on a computer network
numeric data Data comprising
digits
on which mathematical
operations can
be performed by a computer
system
object code Machine language
program produced by a compiler
object-oriented programming
Programming where the
description
of the data is contained in code
called
‘objects’.The data is manipulated
using
blocks of code specific to that
object
objects Components that make
up a
database (e.g. tables, forms,
queries,
reports)
on-line A processing technique
whereby terminals and other
peripherals are connected to and
controlled by the central
processor. It
provides the means for a user to
have
interactive conversational-mode
processing and immediate
response
from the computer system
operating system (OS)
Software that
controls and supervises the
hardware
and how all the other software
works.
The operating system is the
software
on which all applications depend.
It
also provides an interface
between the
user and the computer.
optical character recognition
(OCR)
Scanning handwritten or printed
text
and turning it into a file that can
be
edited
optical mark recognition
(OMR) A
method of entering data by
precisely
positioned marks on a form, e.g. a
lottery ticket.The marks are read
by a
special scanner and the data
input to a
computer
peripherals Devices which can
be
added to a computer system,
such as a
printer, a scanner and a modem
which
can be controlled by the central
processing unit (CPU)
pixel Picture (pix)
element.Thousands
of pixels make up the image seen
on a
computer monitor
plotter An output device
specially
designed to produce a hard copy
of
graphical data
point-of-sale (POS) terminal
Shops
and supermarkets with EPOS
systems
have scanners which read the
barcodes
on goods to produce customers’
bills.
The barcodes also tell a store
what has
been sold. Popular goods are then
reordered
automatically. See Electronic
Funds Transfer at Point of Sale
primary key One particular field
of
each record contains an item
which is
used to identify the record. See
also
key field
printer A device specially
designed to
produce a hard copy of computer
output
procedure A piece of code which
performs a specific task, such as
drawing a square on screen, or
prompting you to enter some
values
program listing A printout or
soft
copy of the source program
instructions
program loading Copying a
program
from hard disk to the main
memory in
order to put the program in a
readyto-
run state
programming The process of
putting
the solution to a problem into a
language that a computer can
understand
protocol A set of rules and
procedures
controlling the transmitting and
receiving of data so that different
devices can communicate with
each
other
pseudocode English-like
statements
used to define the steps of an
algorithm
query (also known as a filter or
search)
Used to answer a question using
the
data in a database.The database
is
searched to find all the records
that
match a particular condition (or
criterion)
RAID -
Redundant array of
independent Disks a technology
that allowed computer users to achieve high
levels of storage reliability from low-cost
and less reliable PC-class disk-drive
components, via the technique of arranging
the devices into arrays for redundancy.
random access memory (RAM)
RAM chips hold data temporarily
in
memory while programs are using
the
computer.This is the place where
the
central processing unit (CPU)
receives
the instructions and data it needs
to do
its job. Data held in RAM is lost
when
the computer is turned off
read-only memory (ROM)
Randomaccess
memory in which the basic
input/output instructions are fixed
when the computer is
made.These
instructions can be read, but not
changed, and are available every
time
the computer is switched on.
real time The term used to
describe a
computer system which
processes data
as it is generated
record In a database, a record is
a are
collection of related fields
register A permanent location in
the
internal memory of a processor
used
for the temporary storage of data
during processing operations
relational database A database
that has
links (relationships) with data held
in
more than one table or file
report Summarises and formats
data
from either table or query data in
a movements.
database
resolution A characteristic of a
monitor
representing the number of pixels
which can be displayed per unit
area.
Higher resolution monitors (e.g.
1048
x 1024) display graphics of better
quality than lower resolution
monitors
(e.g. 800 x 640)
ring network In this type of
computer
network, the computers (network
nodes) are connected in a closed
loop
or ring.
scrolling The act of shifting the
contents of the screen up or
down. In
upward scrolling the lines
formerly
appearing at the top of the screen
scrolled away, those below are
moved
up and new lines of data which
exist
below those formerly on screen
now
come into view, In downward
scrolling
the reverse takes place. Scrolling
usually proceeds a line at a time
and
may also be performed sideways
to the
left or right using left and right
cursor
search Process of locating data
in a
database file by reference to a
key
fields in the records.
search engine A software
application
used on the World Wide Web for
finding web sites using keyword
searches. Search engines have
their
own web sites
section break A mark inserted
to show
the end of a specific part of a
document, and the end of the
formatting that is applied to that
section
sector A pie-shaped division of
each
disk track.
semantics The meaning
associated with
the words, symbols and
punctuation
that make up a computer
language
server A computer that is on a
network
and shares application programs
and
data with other computers
connected
to the network. A file server may
be
dedicated only to the task of
managing
shared files or may be used as a
client
as well. (See client.) Some
networks
also use a printer server that is
dedicated to managing all
printers on
a network. See also file server
simplex A transmission system
that
allows data transfer in one
direction
only along a communication
channel
simulation Using a computer to
imitate
(simulate) something real or
imaginary.
Examples are computer games
and
flight simulators to train pilots
smart card A plastic card which
has a
microchip inside it.The chip can
be
loaded with data, allowing the
card to
be used for many purposes, such
as
paying for goods, making
telephone
calls and storing music
software The computer
programs that
tell (instruct) the hardware what
to do.
See hardware
software package A fully
documented
program or set of programs
generalised
and designed to be used with
little of
no modification
sort Redistribution of data into an
order on the basis of the contents
of a
key a item (sort-key)
source code Program written in
a
given computer language
spell-check A dictionary feature
associated with a word processor
which allows the user to easily
detect
and correct errors in spelling.
spreadsheet An application
program
that allows text, numbers and
formulae
to be entered into a grid of
rectangular cells
stand-alone A computer that is
not
networked
star network Each computer is
connected to a central hub, giving
the
network a star-like appearance
statement A description of an
action or
condition in a computer program
storage devices Devices which
allow a
computer to permanently store
data.
They include floppy disk drives, TCP/IP (transmission control
hard protocol/Internet protocol)
disk drives, CD-ROM drives, DVD The
drives and magnetic tape drives. set of rules, sometimes known as
See a
also digital versatile disk; read- protocol, for sending and
only receiving
memory data over the Internet
structure chart A pictorial telecommunication The sending
representation of a system and
depicting receiving of any type of data by
the interrelationships between the means
modules of the system of wires, optical fibres or
structured programming, radiowaves,
Blocks including computer data,
containing programming television
statements pictures, images, voice, sound
(code) are executed one after and fax
another telecommuting A method of
subroutine A named section of a working
program that can be repeatedly where an off-site employee uses
called computer and a communication
on to perform a given function by channel to communicate with the
other parts of the program office computer
supercomputer A dedicated
mainframe
that may be specifically designed
for
tasks such as performing highly
complex and repetitive
calculations
syntax A set of rules defining the
structure of a computer program
syntax errors Errors that result
from
not obeying the rules (syntax) of
the
programming language
system life cycle The key
stages in the
development of an information
system: analysis, design,
implementation, testing, user
documentation and evaluation