ZBORNIK

STJEPAN GUNJACA
I HRVATSKA SREDNJOVJEKOVNA
POVIJESNO - ARHEOLOŠKA BAŠTINA
ZBORNIK
Stjepan Gunjaca i hrvatska srednjovjekovna
povijesno - arheološka baština 1

Zbornik radova sa Znanstvenog skupa

“Stjepan Gunjaca i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština”
u povodu 100. obljetnice rođenja akademika Stjepana Gunjače
Split 3 .-6 . studenog 2009.

Split. 2010. godine

 The Diocese of Mactaris / Martaris
(Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana)

Ante Škegro
Hrvatski institut za povijest UDK: 262.3 (497.5-3 Dalmacija)"652"
HR, 10 000 Zagreb Primljeno: 15. 1. 2010
Opatička 10 Izvorni znanstveni rad

This early Christian diocese and its bishop Victor (Victor episcopus) were mentioned only once in the acts of the
Salonitan Metropolitan Council, which was presided over by archbishop Honorius II (528-547) on the 15 July 530
A. D. Stjepan Gunjača (1909-1981), editor of the Council’s acts, transcribed its name as Ecclesia Mactaritana.
Just as was the case for other dioceses mentioned in this acts, he did not attempt to identify its see or the territory
it comprised. On the other hand, Ferdo Šišić (1869-1940) proposed that it could be the Diocese of Kotor (Ecclesia
Catheritana). His hypothesis seems quite reasonable considering the results of the investigations on early Christian
and early medieval institutions in the ancient Roman Dalmatia, as well as on the ancient origin of the Kotor
Diocese. It is situated in lower southeastern Dalmatia and developed within the early Christian community of the
Bocche di Cattaro (Kotor Bay), the region extending from the Adriatic sea towards the Lovćen mountain (present
Montenegro), which has always depended on it.

Key words: the Roman Province of Dalmatia; early Christianity, the Diocese of Mactaris / Martaris (Ecclesia
Mactaritana / Martaritana), the Diocese of Kotor (Ecclesia Catharitana)

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 Stjepan Gunjača i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština

EX NIHILO QUID bishop of Iader also signed the 533 A.D. acts after the
archbishop of Salona, and suggested that some dioceses
Only one existing note in the acts of the Salonitan had to be divided and new bishops consecrated. Then
Metropolitan Council held in 530 A.D. makes reference follows the signature of the bishop of Arba (Ecclesia
to the presence and the existence of Bishop Victor and Arbensis),12 another ancient diocese which extended
his diocese, which is presented in several variations: to the conspicuous part of the Kvarner region.13
- Daniele Farlati: Victor Episcopus ecclesiae There is the signature of the bishop of the Pannonian
Martaritanae,1 diocese of Siscia (Ecclesia Sisciana), another pre-
- Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski: Victor episcopus Constantine foundation which comprised a significant
ecclesiae martaritanae,2 part of the province (Pannonia Savia).14 Then follows
- Franjo Rački: Victor episcopus ecclesie the signature of the bishop of Epitaurum (Ecclesia
martaritane,3 Epitauritana), whose origins are related to St Hilarius
- Ferdo Šišić: Victor episcopus ecclesiae († 371) and comprised the territories from around
Martaritanae (?),4 Konavle in the South up to the Neretva swamps in the
- Milan Ivanišević: Victor episcopus ecclesie North and from the Elaphite islands and Mljet to Bileća
martaritane,5 and Gacko in the hinterland (Eastern Herzegovina).15
- Ignaz Batthyany: Victor Episcopus Ecclesiae His signature is followed by that of the bishop of
Maronianae,6 Scardona (Ecclesia Scardonitana)16 - the successor of
- Nada Klaić: Victor episcopus ecclesie the Christian community of Rider (Danilo Gornje near
mactaritane,7 (Martaritanae, Maronianae),8 Šibenik), whose existence was confirmed by its bishop
- Stjepan Gunjača: Victor episcopus ecclesie Aurelius in 475 A.D. (Aurelius civitatis Riditionis
mactaritane,9 episcopus).17 Then follows the signature of the bishop
- Radoslav Dodig - Ante Škegro: Victor episcopus Narona (Ecclesia Naronitana), founded at the turn of
ecclesiae Mactaritanae (?).10 the 4th century, extending to the regions of the central
and upper Neretva basin, Western Herzegovina as far as
parts of Eastern Herzegovina18 (before the foundation of
the Diocese of Sarsenterensis in 533 A.D.).19 The second
BISHOP’S SIGNATURES ON THE last amongst the bishops to sign the 530 A.D. Council
SALONITAN METROPOLITAN COUNCIL acts was the bishop of Bistues (Bestoensis ecclesiae),
also founded at the turn of the 4th century. The poverty
ACTS FROM 530 A.D.
of this diocese situated in the far hinterland of Dalmatia
was also discussed during this council’s sessions.20 The
To resolve the enigma of bishop Victor and his
Mactaritan / Martaritan bishop Victor (Victor episcopus
diocese, one should start from the list of signatures
Ecclesiae Mactarinae / Martaritanae) was the last to
of the bishops present at the Salonitan Metropolitan
sign the 530 A.D. acts. Therefore, it is reasonable to
Council from 530 A.D., and the similarity with the
conclude that Victor was the bishop of one of the early
name of a Dalmatian diocese having its origins in
Christian dioceses founded somewhat before 530 A.D.,
ancient times. The first to sign both acts of the Salonitan
and whose territory should be sought in that part of
Metropolitan Council from 530 and from 533 A.D. was
Dalmatia which did not make part of any of the earlier
the Salonitan archbishop. Then followed the bishop of
mentioned dioceses. It was in the extreme southeast of
Iader - obviously due to the prestige of his diocese in
the Province of Dalmatia including also the Bocche di
Dalmatia. Just like that of Salona, the Diocese of Iader
Cattaro (Fig. 1). Since the Diocese of Kotor certainly
was also founded in the pre-Constantine period.11 The
1 Farlati, 1753, p.163. 12 Črnčić, 1867, p.3.
2 Kukuljević-Sakcinski, 1874-1875, p.197. 13 Črnčić, 1867,p. 15.
3 Rački, 1894, p.15. 14 Bratož, 1986, p.384; 1987, p.189; Buzov, 1999, pp.247-267.
4 Šišić, 1914, p.160. 15 Škegro, 2009B, pp.203-216.
5 Ivanišević, 1994, p.160. 16 Migotti, 1992, pp. 101-112.
6 Batthyany, 1785, p.290. 17 ILChV 1043; Cambi, 2001, pp.9-23; Škegro, 2008B, pp.22-24;
7 Klaić, 1967,p. 81. 2008C, pp.298-299.
8 Klaić, 1967, p.81, note: 218. 18 Škegro, 2009A, pp.7-34.
9 Gunjača, 1973,p. 53. 19 About this diocese: Puljić - Škegro, 2006A, pp.7-50; 2006B,
10 Dodig - Škegro, 2008, p.17. pp.219-241.
11 Strika, 2004, pass. 20 Škegro, 2005B, pp.369-389; 2008A,pp. 111-141.

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 Ante Škegro The diocese of Mactaris / Martaris (Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana)
Fig. 1. The jurisdiction of Salonitan archbishop, according to T. Živković (drawing: S.Juraga)
had its own early Christian origin,21 its name is very
similar to the name of Victor’s diocese, it can therefore
be concluded that Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana
is the same as Ecclesia Catharitana, that is, the Diocese
of Kotor, as was proposed by Ferdo Šišić. The copiers
of the Salonitan Metropolitan Council acts in the 16th
century, did not find it difficult to corrupt its name.
Bishop Victor could sign them not only for the fact that
he administered one of the youngest Dalmatian dioceses
founded before 530 A.D., but also because it was the
most southern Dalmatian diocese. The last to sign
these acts was Vitalis presbyter Sarniensis / Sarnitensis
ecclesiae. Considering the homophony, as well as some
other facts,22 Victor’s diocese could be perceived as the
Diocese of Senia (Ecclesia Seniensis), extending on
the territory of Senj, Vinodol, island Krk and probably
Lika region.23 The seat of this diocese was probably in
Senia (Senj), where around the cathedral of St. Mary
were found the traces of an early Christian basilica with
baptistery as well as other early Christian objects.24
From the Council acts of 533, it can be concluded
that the diocesan bishops should have participated in
21 Martinović, 1990, pp.21-32.
22 Glavičić, 1993, pp.97-98; Starac, 1999, pp.71-88; Nekić, 1997,
pp.32-34.
23 Škegro, 2010.
24 Starac, 1999, pp.71-88; Nekić, 1997, p.33, note: 7.
Zbornik_Stjepan_Gunjaca.indd 197
the sessions of the Salonitan Metropolitan Councils
held biannually during the weeks following Pentecost
(Πεντηκοστς). If they were absent, or their bishops
could not participate, they were represented by their
delegates (primates suae ecclesiae) which was the
case of priest Vitalis. The acts of the First Ecumenical
Council of Nicaea (Sanctum concilium Niceanum
primum) held in 325 A.D. were signed on behalf of pope
Sylvester I (314-335) by his representatives, the Roman
priests Victor and Vincentius (Victor et Vincentius
presbyteri urbis Romae pro venerabili viro papa et
episcopo nostro sancto Silvestro subscripsimus) 25 The
number of delegates steadily grew during the following
ecumenical, metropolitan and various local councils.
Since the signatures of three priests of the Salonitan
diocese and four more belonging to other non precisely
identified dioceses, are present before that of Vitalis, it
can be concluded with certainty that his did not appear
because he was only a priest. Victor could have been a
representative or legate of the diocese founded on the
beginning of the 5th century A.D.
25 Mansi, 1960, vol. 2, col. 692.
197
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 Stjepan Gunjača i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština

EARLY CHRISTIAN ORIGINS OF

ECCLESIA CATHERITANA

Traces of the early Christian basilica under the

cathedral of St. Tryphon in Kotor,26 the early Christian
Fig. 2. Fragments of an inscription from the church of St.
basilicas with baptistery under the church of St. Mary Tryphon in Kotor (according to: Lončar)
Collegiata ( Blessed Osanna of Cattaro) of Rijeka in
Kotor27 and the church of the Nativity of Blessed Mary
in Lastva Grbljanska (Kotor)28 all indicate the origins of
the Diocese of Kotor. Existing sources do not confirm
the assumption that its bishops participated in the First
Council of Nicaea, or that of the Fourth Ecumenical
Council of Chalcedon (451 A.D.).29 In the ancient
sources Kotor appears as Catarum, Catara,30 civitas
Catara, Catharus, Cattarus, Catarae, Ascruvium.31 The
anonymous geographer from Ravenna (7/8th c.) called
it Decadaron,32 whereas in the work of Constantine Fig. 3a. Fragments of the inscriptions from the church of St.
Porfirogenitus (945-959) De administrando Imperio Peter in Bijela near Herceg Novi (according to: Lončar)
it appears as Δεκάτερα.33 The bull ascribed to
Pope Zacharias (741-752) referred to it as civitas
Catariensis seu Rose.34 The bishop of Kotor Joannes
(Iωάννου επίσκόπου Δεκατερων / Ioanne episcopo
Decateron),35 with his Salonitan homonymous bishop
Joannes (‘Iωάννης επίσκοπος της αγίας Σαλονητιανς
/ Σαλονητίας / Σαλουνητιανς εκκλησίας / Joannes Fig. 3b. Fragments of the inscriptions from the church of St.
Peter in Bijela near Herceg Novi (according to: Lončar)
episcopus sanctae Salonentianae / Salonentiae /
Saluntianensis ecclesiae),36 bishop of Osor Laurentius
(Λαυρέντιος επίσκοπος τς γίας ̉Αψαρητιανν/ Avaritianensium ecclesiae)38 participated in the works
Laurentius episcopus sanctae Apsaretianensium / of the Seventh Ecumenical Council held in Nicaea in
Apsetianensium / Absartianensis ecclesiae)37 and the 787 AD as one of the subordinates to the patriarch of
bishop of Rab Ursus (Оρσος επίσκοπος τς γίας Constantinople.39 The name of another Iohanes, bishop
̉Αβαριτιανν/ Іβαριτιανων/ ̉Αβαριτιανν εκκλησίας of Kotor, (dominus Iohannes episcopus) is present on
/ Ursus episcopus Avaritianensium / Hibaritensium / a fragment of an inscription from the Kotor church of
St. Trypho dated 13 January 805 (Fig. 2)40 as well as
26 Jakšić, 2009, p. 82. on two fragmentary inscriptions from the church of St.
27 Martinović, 1989, pp.152, 153; 1990, pp.21-32; Chevalier,
1995A, pp.472-475, 1995B, pl. LXX, nr. 4; Blehova Čelebić,
Peter in Bijela near Herceg Novi (dominus Iohannes
2006, p.12. episcopus) (Fig. 3a, 3b).41 In the acts of the Council held
28 Kovačević, 1967, p.272, fig. 49; Mijović, 1978, pp. 650-651;
in Split in 925 A.D., the bishop of Catharum (episcopus
Chevalier, 1995A, pp.475-476; Blehova Čelebić, 2006, p.12.
29 Gelcich, 1880, p.36, p.38; Blehova Čelebić, 2006, p.9, 11; Catharitanus) was mentioned.42 On the other hand the
Lalović, 2009, p.81. acts of the Council held in Split in 928 A.D. speak
30 Škegro, 2005A, pp.52-53; pp.112-113.
31 Graesse - Benedict - Plechl, 1971, p.86. of the Diocese of Catharum (ecclesia Catharitana).43
32 Čače, 1995, p.92, note: 237, 1. These facts allow us to conclude that this most southern
33 Mayer, 1957, p.182; Katičić, 1993,p. 34.
34 Kostrenčić - Stipišić - Šamšalović, 1967, doc. 1, pag. 1; Lučić, 38 Mansi, 1960, vol. 13, col. 141-142, 367-368, 387-388, 732;
1976, p.134; Puljić 2001, pp.24-26; Blehova Čelebić, 2006, Darrouzès, 1975, p.63, nr. 71 E, nr. 72 D, 64, nr. 107 F; Katičić,
p.15. 1993, pp.32.
35 Mansi, 1960, vol, 13, col. 373-374; Darrouzès, 1975, p.68, nr. 39 Dabinović, 1930, p.83; 1941, p.68; Darrouzès, 1975, p.68, nr.
327, E; Katičić 1993, p.34. 327, E; Katičić, 1993, p.34.
36 Mansi, 1960, vol, 13, col. 139-140, pp.366,.387-388, 723, 732, 40 Kovačević, 1956, pp.2-3; Šekularac, 1994, pp.23-29; Blehova
140; Darrouzès, 1975, p.20; Katičić, 1993, pp.29-30. Čelebić, 2006, p.13; Lončar, 2006, pp.185-193, fig. 1.
37 Mansi, 1960, vol, 13, col. Pp.141-142, 367-368, 387-388, 724, 41 Kovačević, 1956, p.3-4; Šekularac, 1994, pp.33-35; Lončar,
732; Darrouzès, 1975, p.63, nr. 76 E, nr. 77 D, pag. 64, nr. 108 F; 2006, pp.190-192, fig. 2, 3.
Katičić, 1993, pp.32, 33. 42 Kostrenčić - Stipišić - Šamšalović, 1967, doc. 23, pag. 31.
43 Kostrenčić - Stipišić - Šamšalović, 1967, doc. 26, pag. 37.

198

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 Ante Škegro The diocese of Mactaris / Martaris (Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana)
Fig. 4. Territory of the Mactaritan / Martaritan diocese
early Christian diocese on the territory of the former
Roman province of Dalmatia existed during the early
Middle Ages and that several of its bishops sometimes
were involved in more general ecclesiastical events.
THE TERRITORY OF THE
JURISDICTION
The existing sources do not reveal much on the
jurisdiction of the Mactaritan / Martaritan bishops.
However, from the Salonitan Metropolitan Councils
acts of 533 A.D., in which the boundaries of the
dioceses established on that occasion - Sarsenterum,
Muccurum and Ludrum were defined, it is clear that
there must have been some kind of jurisdiction among
early Christian dioceses. If the Ecclesia Mactaritana
/ Martaritana in the 530 A.D. Salonitan Metropolitan
Council acts is the same as the Ecclesia Catharitana,
that is the Diocese of Kotor, it can be concluded that the
Bocche di Cattaro and the region between the Lovćen
mountain and the Adriatic sea which depended on it,
was the territory of Victor’s diocese (Fig. 4.).
The region was geographically closely defined,
economically sustainable and solidly populated, the
communication network within it well developed;
Christianization more effective in accordance with the
needs of the church and the clergy: all of them are some
of the most important facts to speak in favour of this
conclusion, and are usually taken into consideration at
Zbornik_Stjepan_Gunjaca.indd 199
the moment of establishing new dioceses.44 There are
several early Christian monuments, such as basilicas in
Kotor,45 Bijela,46 Krimovice - Grbalj,47 Žanjica,48 Donja
Lastva,49 Budva50.51 The three nave basilica below of
St. Mary Collegiata ( Blessed Osanna of Cattaro) of
Rijeka in Kotor is identified with the diocesan cathedral
basilica (Fig. 5).52 The major road Aquileia - Salona
- Epidamnos - Constantinopolis ran throughout the
region (Fig. 6.).
The fact that the diocesan see still remains in Kotor,
favors the identification of Ecclesia Mactaritana /
Martaritanae with the Ecclesia Catheritana, that is, the
Diocese of Kotor.53 Due to the fact that the Dioceses of
Kotor and Risan are identified (Catariensis seu Rose) in
the bull ascribed to pope Zacharias dated in 743 A.D.,
it cannot be excluded that the bishop of this southern
Dalmatian diocese moved its see from Kotor to Risan
whenever the security-reasons or other necessities
required it. Risinium is sometimes identified with
44 Cambi, 2001, p.11.
45 Martinović, 1989, pp.151-153; 1990, pp.21-32; Chevalier,
1995A, pp.472-475.
46 Kovačević, 1967, pp.271-272, fig. 48; Chevalier, 1995A, p.472.
47 Mijović, 1978, pp.651-652, fig. 7; Chevalier, 1995A, pp.476-
477.
48 Kovačević, 1967, p.272; Mijović, 1978, pp.643-644, 648;
Chevalier, 1995A, p.475.
49 Kovačević, 1967, p.272, fig. 49; Mijović, 1978, pp.650-651;
Chevalier, 1995A, pp.475-476.
50 Nikolajević, 1989, p.2461; Chevalier, 1995A, pp.477-478.
51 Chevalier, 1995A, p.25.
52 Martinović, 1989, pp.151-153; 1990, pp.21-32; Chevalier,
1995A, pp.472-475.
53 Blehova Čelebić, 2006.
199
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 Stjepan Gunjača i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština
Fig. 5: Traces of the Episcopal basilica under the church of
St. Mary Collegiata (Blessed Osanna of Cattaro) of Rijeka in
Kotor (according to J. Martinović)
Fig. 6. Segment of the Roman main road Aquileia - Salonis -
Epidamnos - Constantinopolis across Dalmatia
(Weltatlas 1978)
Kotor (et Rhisinium Cattaro).54 Accordingly, one of
the signatories of the 530 A.D. Salonitan Metropolitan
Council acts, Victor, could be considered its first known
bishop, whereas Sebastianus (Sebastianus, episcopus
Resin(i)ensis), to whom pope Gregory the Great had
sent two letters, in 591 and in 595 respectively, could
be the second.55 Jacques Paul Migne (1800-1875)
identified the addressee of the 591 letter as the bishop
of Risan (Sebastianus episcopus Rhisiniensis),56 while
the addressee of that dated into 595 A.D. was identified
with the bishop of Sirmium (Sebastianus episcopus
54 Zeiller, 1906, p.171.
55 Coleti 1800, pp.411, 412; Gregorius, Registrum, pag. 35, epist. I,
27; pp.318-320, epist. V, 40.
56 Migne, 1849, col. 481-482, epist. XXVIII.
200
Zbornik_Stjepan_Gunjaca.indd 200
Sirmiensis).57 Therefore, Sebastian is identified as the
last bishop of Sirmium, who had found refuge in Rome
during the Avar siege.58 A completely wrong conclusion
was drawn from these premises: according to it, it was
not known “in which region the Gregory’s Rhsinium
was”,59 although there was only one, that in the Bocche
di Cattaro (Rhizon, Risinium).60 However, it cannot be
excluded that the Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana,
that is, Ecclesia Catheritana (the Diocese of Kotor)
and the Diocese of Risan (Ecclesia Rhisiniensis) had
been founded independently and were united into one
diocese subsequently.
CONCLUSION
The Mactaritana / Martaritana Diocese is known
only through the signature of its bishop Victor in the acts
of the Salonitan Metropolitan Council held in 530 A.D.
The order of bishops’ signatures in the acts indicates
the importance and the prestige of their dioceses. The
second last to sign them was bishop Victor, which means
that his was one of the dioceses founded somewhat
before 530 A.D., found in that part of Dalmatia and
not comprised by any other known dioceses. It could
be the Bocche di Cattaro and the territory delimited by
the Adriatic Sea and the Lovćen mountain. Moreover,
thanks to its early Christian origin and the similarity
of their names, it can be reasonably supposed that
Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana and Ecclesia
Catharitana, that is, the Diocese of Kotor, could be the
same diocese. Victor signed the acts in 530 A.D. as one
of the last in order not only because his diocese was the
most recently founded, but also because it was one of
the smallest and situated in the very south-eastern part
of the province of Dalmatia. The last to sign, in fact,
was Vitalis presbyter Sarniensis / Sarnitensis ecclesiae,
prister of the Diocese of Senia (Senj). The cathedral
of Mactaritana / Martaritana, namely Catharitana
Diocese can be identified in the three-nave basilica
below St. Mary Collegiata (Blessed Osanna of Cattaro)
of Rijeka in Kotor. As in the bull dated in 743 A.D.
ascribed to pope Zacharias, the Dioceses of Kotor and
Risan (Catariensis seu Rose) are identified, it cannot
be excluded that the bishop of the far southeast of
Dalmatia moved the seat of his diocese from Kotor to
57 Migne, 1849, col. 769-770, epist. XLII.
58 Popović, 1975, pp.91-110; contrary: Živković, 2004, p.43, note:
128.
59 Kovačić, 2009, p.23.
60 Weltatlas, I, pass.
2.11.2010. 10:02:31
 Ante Škegro The diocese of Mactaris / Martaris (Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana)

Risan (or otherwise) whenever its security reasons or

other necessities required it, as was the case for other
Dalmatian bishops too. Accordingly, the signatory of
the 530 A.D. council acts Victor, could be considered
the first known Maktaritan / Martaritan, namely bishop
of Kotor. The second we know of is the bishop of Risan,
Sebastianus (Sebastianus, episcopu Resin(i)ensis) -
addressee of two letters of Pope Gregory the Great in
591 and 595 A.D. However, it cannot be excluded that
the Maktaritan / Martaritan as well as Kotor and Risan
dioceses were founded independently from one another,
and that they were united subsequently at some point in
their history.

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 Stjepan Gunjača i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština
LITERATURE:
Batthyany 1785
I.Batthyany, Leges ecclestiasticae regni Hungariae
et provinciarum adiacentium, Tomus primus, Albae
Carolinae1785.
Blehova Čelebić 2006
L. Blehova Čelebić, Hrišćanstvo u Boki 1200 - 1500
Kotorski distrikt, Podgorica 2006.
Bratož 1986
R. Bratož, Razvoj organizacije zgodnjekršćanske
cerkve na ozemlju Jugoslavije od 3. do 6. stoletja,
Zgodovinski časopis / Historical review, 40/4,
Ljubljana 1986, 363-395
Bratož 1987
R. Bratož, Die Entwicklung der Kirchenorganisation
in den Westbalkanprovinzen (4. bis 6. Jahrhundert),
Miscellanea Bulgarica 5, Sofia 1987, 149-196
Buzov 1999
M. Buzov, Sisačka biskupija u svjetlu pisanih i
arheoloških izvora, Tkalčić: godišnjak Društva za
povjesnicu Zagrebačke nadbiskupije, 3, Zagreb 1999,
245-271
Cambi 2001
N. Cambi, Područje Šibenske biskupije u
starokršćansko doba, in: Sedam stoljeća Šibenske
biskupije. Zbornik radova sa znanstvenog skupa
Šibenska biskupija od 1298. do 1998. Šibenik, 22. do
26. rujna 1998, Šibenik 2001, 9-23
Chevalier 1995A
P. Chevalier, Ecclesiae Dalmatiae, Tome 1 -
Catalogue, Rome - Split 1995.
Chevalier 1995B
P. Chevalier, Ecclesiae Dalmatiae, Tome 2 -
Illustrations et conclusions, Rim - Split 1995.
Coleti 1800
J. Coleti, Illyrici sacri tomus sextus. Ecclesia
Ragusina cum suffraganeis, et Ecclesia Rhiziniensis et
Catharensis, Venetiis 1800.
202
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 Stjepan Gunjača i hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno - arheološka baština

Maktaritanska / Martaritanska biskupija

(Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana)

Ključne riječi: rimska provincija Dalmacija, rano kršćanstvo, ranokršćanska biskupija Mactaris / Martaris
(Ecclesia Mactaritana / Martaritana), Kotorska biskupija (Ecclesia Catharitana)

Ova je ranokršćanska dijeceza sa svojim biskupom
Viktorom (Victor episcopus) spomenuta samo jednom,
u aktima Salonitanskog metropolitanskog sabora
(concilium metropolitanum Salonitanum) održanog
15. lipnja 530. g. pod predsjedanjem salonitanskog
nadbiskupa Honorija II. (528. - 547.). Publicirajući
ove akte, Stjepan Gunjača (1909. - 1981.) nazvao ju
je Maktaritanskom biskupijom (Ecclesia Mactaritana).
Kao ni o drugim u njima spomenutim biskupijama,
nije se izjašnjavao gdje joj je bilo središte, odnosno
teritorij. Ferdo Šišić (1869. - 1940.) je pretpostavio
da bi se moglo raditi o Kotorskoj biskupiji (Ecclesia
Catheritana). Uzimajući u obzir rezultate dosadašnjih
istraživanja ranokršćanskih i ranosrednjovjekovnih
institucija s područja nekadašnje rimske Dalmacije,
kao i očite antičke korijene Kotorske biskupije,
Šišićeva se pretpostavka čini sasvim opravdanom. Radi
se o dijecezi s krajnjeg jugoistoka Dalmacije, izrasloj iz
ranokršćanskih općina Boke kotorske i gravitirajućeg
joj područja između Jadrana i planinskog masiva
Lovćena. Jedna je od dvanaest ranokršćanskih dijeceza
nastalih u kasnoantičko doba i jedna od nekoliko njih
čije je središte na izvornom mjestu opstalo do danas.

206

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