Partea a ll-a ANUL II DE STUDIU LECTIILE: 35-66Lectia 35 VOCABULAR Fi 4 beginner [bi'gina] s. tncepitor to compose (12 Kom'pauz] ». @ compune composer [kam‘pauza] s. compozitor congratulation [kangratju'leifan] s. correct [ka'rekt] adj. corect definitely [‘definith} ado. hotartt, cu siguranta to draw [ta ‘dro:], drew [dru:], drawn (dro:n] ¢. a desena ever since [‘eve 'sins] conj. de cind exhibition [cksibifan] s. expozitie favourite [‘feivarit] adj. favorit hobby [‘hobi] s. ocupatie preferat’, pasiune (in. timpul liber) Hterature [‘litoritfa] s. literaturs mock-serious [mak 'siarios] adj. pretins serios musie ['mju:zik] s. muzicd occupation [akju'peifan] s. ocupatie on [on] prep. despre, asupra felicitare to paint {te point) o, a piota e a :staim |] ctie, streceres. ‘timy ta ie tt i belated ‘pisonist] ¢. piani Pine (nero ohn leis) s. casé Portealé [ipo:trit] ¢. portret Precisely [p) ri'saisli) ado. exact prise ipa s premiu progress [‘prougres] . progres Tesult [ri'zalt] s. cata since [sins] conj. intructt, deoarece to sketch [to ‘sketf] ¢. a face o gchifi/un crochiu to study [ta ‘stadi] o. a studia to suggest [ta sa'dsest] ». a sugera, a propune therefore ['Seafs:] adv. de aceca tone [toun] s. ton to win [tu ‘win], wor ctstiga [wan], won [wan] . a EXPRESIL — din nou, iar(%gi), inc’ 0 dat& at ‘hoa ease —acasi la Eva the great Wl — Marele Will (William Shake- to give a talk — a fine o prolegere Ym prectising my ‘on You — exersez engleza folosindu-m& de tine that’s all! —asta-i tot! doar atit (si nimic mai mult)! to make sued preqrees be — a face progress lot me tell you — dafi-mi voie si v4 spun not only... but also — nu numi (for) how long...t — de ctt timp. We've been talking about our hobbies, haven’t wet — am vorbit despre ocupafiile noastre preferate, nu-i aga? THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Our friends are once again at Eva's place for their weekly talk in English. Paul: been meeting here, (in a mock-serious tone) Well, now, ladies and gentlemen, since we have quite regularly, for the past four months, we have learnt a lot of things about English, the language of the great Will. Diana: ‘Are you going to” give us a talkon English literature, Paul? Paul: No, Diana, I’m not. ’'m Diana: I see. Well, go on. just practising my English on you, that’s all. Paul: As I was saying, we have been learning very hard at the Cultural-Scientific University all this time, ever since classes began in October last year. The result is that we have made good progress in English. But, ladies and gentlemen, let me tell you that we still know very little about one another. I therefore suggest that today we speak about our hobbies. 217Alexandra: “Hobbies”? I don’t know the word. What does it mean? George: I know it. It means a favourite occupation or pastime. Is that correct, Paul? Paul: Precisely. Eva: All right, let’s talk about our hobbies, then. And since the suggestion comes from you, Paul, you tell us first about your hobbies. Paul: I have only one hobby: the piano. But I’m only a beginner, you know. George: How long have you been playing it, Paul? Paul: I’ve been studying it for about three years. Alexandra: He's only been studying it for three years, but he has already composed some music. Eva: Has he? So our friend Paul is not only a pianist, but also a composer. Congratulations, Paul. Paul: Oh, thank’ you. You are very kind. Eva: I say, Victor, what are you doing over there? Victor: Er — nothing. Eva: What do you mean “nothing”; You’ve been looking at Alexandra ever since she came in half an hour ago, and you have been drawing something on that paper all this time. Victor: Well, I've made Alexandra’s portrait. Alexandra: So sketching is Victor’s hobby. For how long have you been drawing now, Mr Artist? Victor: Oh, I’ve been drawing for many years. And painting, too. Diana: Victor’s won several prizes at the Annual Amateur Artists’ Exhibition. Eva: Do you know what we've been doing so far? George: Of course we know. We’ve been talking about our hobbies, haven’t we, Eva? Eva: Yes, we have. And we have also been practising the Present Perfect Con- tinuous. Victor: English grammar is definitely Eva’s hobby. A JOKE Tom: “What a lucky man you are, Father!” Father: “Why, my son?” Tom: “I needn’t any new books for the next school year. I have been left in the same form.” EXPLICAPI LEXICALE § 183 A talk on English literature. Prepozitia on are in acest context sensul despre, asupra“. EXPLICATIL GRAMATICALE § 184 Present Perfect Continuous. Timpul Present Perfect Continuous se formeaz& cu ajutorul auxiliarului to be, care se foloseste la Present Perfect, si participiul prezent al verbului de conjugat. Exemple: 218Afirmatio Interogatio I have been learning (= invat; Have I been learning? am invafat) You have been learning Have you been learning? He /she has been learning Has he/she been learning? We have been learning Have we been learning? You have been learning Have you been learning? They have been learning Have they been learning? Negatio I have not been learning You have not been learning He/she has not been learning We have not been learning You have not been learning They have not been learning Present Perfect Continuous se folosegte pentru a exprima o actiune inceputd in trecut care continua in prezent gi poate continua gi in viitor. Acest timp cores- punde de cele mai multe ori indicativului prezent din limba roman’. Exemple: (For) how long have you been drawing? — de cind desenezi? De cit timp desenezi? Pee been studying the piano for about three years — invat pianul de aproximativ trei ani. § 185 For, since. In sens temporal, Present Perfect se folosegte in constructii cu prepozitiile for gi since. For indic& lungimea unei perioade de timp. Since indic& ineeputul unei perioade de timp. § 186 Pronumele reciproe. Pronumele reciproc are doua forme in limba englez&: each other gi one another. Each other se folosegte, de regula, cind ne referim la dowd persoane, iar one another cind ne referim la mai mult de doud persoane. Exemplu: Mary and Tom love each other. The ten friends know very little about one another. § 187 You tell us first. Am vazut c& la imperativ persoana a II-a singular gi plural subiectul nu se exprima in limba englezi. Pronumele you se foloseste ins uneori in vorbirea colocvialé pentru accentuare. § 188 Artists’ Exhibition. Genitivul sintetic al substantivelor cu plural regulat se formeaz& addugindu-se numai un apostrof dup& numele posesorului. 2191) Réspundefi la urmdtoarele tntrebari: How long have you been learning English? Have you made good progress in English? What does the word hobby mean? What are your hobbies? Can you play the piano? What famous Romanian artists do you know? Do you like English grammar? Is English grammar very difficult for you? 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozitii la forma interogativd: He has learned a lot of things about English. You are going to give us a talk on English literature. She has been learning very hard. Classes began in October. We have made good progress in English. They are speaking about their hobbies. He is only a beginner. He’s been learning to play the piano for three years. Victor’s won several prizes at the Annual Amateur Artists’ Exhibition. English grammar is Eva’s hobby. 3) Trecefi verbele urmdtoarelor propozitii la Present Perfect Continuous: We meet here every day. He learned a lot of things. We spoke about our hobbies for an hour. He played the piano for half an hour. She looked at Alexandra for ten minutes. We are practis- ing English grammar. 4) Facefi propozifii cu ajutorul tabelului de mai jos: studying a foreign language practising the piano music| for many years now. Gaon for the past ten years. U have been painting soca tee ever since | came here two years ago. him all this time. meeting her quite regularly. them 5) Traducefi tn limba englezd: Ocupafia favorita a lui Paul este pianul. El a inceput s& invefe pianul cu trei ani in urma. Si desi (although [9:1'dau]) nu sint decit trei ani de cind cint& la acest instrument (instrument (instrument), el a si compus muzicd pentru pian. Prietenul stu Vietor nu cinta la pian, dar stie s& picteze. El picteazi de mai mulfi ani, si a gi cistigat clteva premii la expozifiile anuale ale artistilor amatori. 6) Vorbifi despre ocupafia dv. favorita.Lectia 36 an airport a factory VOCABULAR airport [‘eapo:t] s. aeroport Alice [‘elis] architect [‘a:kitekt] s. arhitect breakdown [‘breikdaun] s. pani (de motor) to build [ta ‘bild}, built [bilt}, built [bilt] ». a construi café [‘kefei] s. cafenea, braserie, cofetarie chat [t{et] s. conversafie, discufie, taifas cheerio [‘tfiori'ou] interj. (la despdrtire) la revedere! (familiar); (la béuturd) in sin’- tatea ta! (familiar) Constanza [kon'stentso] Constanta to decide [to di'said] . a (se) hotari, a (se) decide to discuss [ta dis'kas] ». a discuta to drive [to ‘draiv], drove [drouv], driven ['drivn] ». a conduce (un vehicul) to drive on [ta ‘draiv ‘on] ¢. a-si continua dru- mul (conducind magina) each other ['i:t{ '4%a] unul pe celilalt, reci- proc end [end] s. sfirgit factory ['faektari] s. fabrict family [‘femili] s. familie fish-smoking ['fif ‘smoukip] . afumarea pes- telui to fix [to ‘fiks] o. a fixa Job [dsob] s. slujb’, post Tong [lop] ade. (de) mult timp to marry [to ‘mari] ¢. a lua in c&sitorie, a se c&sitori cu to miss [ta mis) o. a pierde plan [plan] s. plan pretty [‘priti] adj. dragut private [‘praivit] adj. particular, intim problem [‘problom] s. problema rather ['ra:8a) adj. oarecum, cam registrar [redsis'tra:] ¢. ofijer al st&rii civile Registrar’s Office [redsis'tra: ‘ofis) oficiul st&rii_civile to regret [to rivgret] ». a regreta to save [ta ‘seiv] 9. a economisi seaside ['si:said] s. litoral, mare 80 a8 ['sau 92) conj. astfel tnctt s0 that ['su Bat] conj. astfel inclt story ['sto:ri] s. poveste surprise [so'praiz] s. surprizd to take off [ta ‘teik'of], took off ['tuk ‘of, taken off [‘teiken ‘of] o. a decola unfortunately (an‘fo:tfnitli] ado. din nefericire to want [tu ‘wont] 9. a vrea, a dori wedding ['wedip] s. nunta 221EXPRESII to have a chat —a sta la taifas, a avea o discutie over a glass of beer — la un pahar de bere, la o bere how is it that...? — cum se face cf... it’s like this —lucrurile stau asa; (tn text) iat& cum s-a intimplat at the time — in vremea aceea, pe atunci to get married — a se cis&tori to cut a long story short — pentru a nu mai lungi_povestea in love with — a se tndragosti de it was meant to be — urma, trebuia si fie on the day — fn ziua to take a plane —a lua avionul as fast as I could — cit am putut de repede to get on well with someone — a se infelege bine cu cineva Here’s to you — in s&n&tatea ta THE PAST PERFECT Paul and George are sitting at a table in a café. They are having a chat over a glass of beer. George: Paul, there’s a little question I have always wanted to ask ‘you. Er — it’s rather private, I’m afraid, so you needn’t answer it, if you don’t want to. But we have known each other for so many years that I thought — Paul: All right, George, go ahead. What is it you want to know? George: Well, how is it that you didn’t marry that pretty girl you had met at the seaside before you knew Alice? You have never told me the end of the story. Paul: Oh, well, it’s like this. You know I had already been at the seaside three years before I met that girl. I was working in a fish-smoking factory at the time, and I had long wanted to get married. Well, to cut a long story short, we fell in love with each other and decided to get married. So we fixed the date of the wedding. I was very happy. She was young and pretty, and I had a good job. Money was no problem. For some years before I met her I had saved enough money to build a flat in Bucharest. Of course, she didn’t know anything about it, for it was meant to be a surprise. On the day of our wedding, I was still in Bucharest, discussing plans with an architect. The girl was waiting for me at the Registrar’s Office in Constanza with her family and friends. 1 meant to take a plane and fly to Constanza so as to be in time for- the wedding. Unfortunately, while I was driving to the airport with one of my friends, we had a breakdown and we arrived too late. George: You mean you missed your plane? Paul: Yes, when we arrived at the airport, the plane had just taken off. Of course, I drove on to Constanza as fast as I could. But by the time I reached Constanza, she had decided not to marry me because I was late. And it was all over. Still, I do not regret it. I am very happy with Alice. We are getting on well together. George: Well, here's to you, old man, and to your wife. Paul: Cheerio. A JOKE ‘An absent-minded man who has just learned he is a father is congratulated by a friend of his: “Congratulations! I hear your wife has had twins. Are they boys or girls?” “T believe one is a boy and the other is a girl but it may be the other way round”, replied the man. 222PROVERB Money lent is money spent. EXPLICATII LEXICALE § 189 Seaside. Cuvintul seaside inseamna ,,itoral“, iar cuvintul sea inseamnd mare“. Sensul expresiei romAnegti ,la mare“, ,,tntr-o localitate la mare“, se red& prin at the seaside, iar a merge la mare“ prin to go to the seaside, § 190 To arrive at, to reach. Verbul to arrive este urmat de prepozitia at sau in gi inseamna ,a sosi“ (la o destinatie). To reach, care este verb tranzitiv si deci este urmat de un complement direct, inseamn& ,,a sosi, a ajunge“ (intr-un anumit loc). Exemple: By the time I reached Constanza... When I arrived at the airport... § 191 To marry. To get married. To marry este folosit mai ales ca verb tran- zitiv, de exemplu: I decided to marry her si inseamna .,a lua in casitorie“. To get married inseamn& ,a se cisktori“, de exemplu: They got married yesterday. To be married inseamn& ,,a fi cisitorit“, iar to be married to someone tnseamn’ a fi cisitorit cu cineva". § 192 Old man. Expresia familiar’ old man corespunde cuvintului romanese »b&trine“ folosit intre prieteni. EXPLICATIT GRAMATICALE § 193 Past Perfect. Timpul Past Perfect (mai-mult-ca-perfectul) se formeazi cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to have la Simple Past (forma had pentru toate persoanele) gi participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat. Forma interogativa se obfine prin inversiune intre subiect gi auxiliar, iar forma negativa prin agezarea adverbului not intre auxiliar gi participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat. Afirmatio Interogativ Negatio I had spoken (= vorbisem) Had I spoken? I had not spoken You had spoken Hed you spoken? You had not spoken He/she had spoken Had he/she spoken? He/she had not spoken We had spoken Had we spoken? We had not spoken You had spoken Had you spoken?, You had not spoken They had spoken Had they spoken? They had not spoken 223_Past Perfect corespunde timpului mai-mult-ca-perfect din limba romana (vor- bisem — vorbisegi — vorbise etc.) gi se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune trecuts, sivirgit& inaintea altei acfiuni trecute. Exemple: How is it that you didn’t marry that pretty girl you had met at the seaside? When I arrived at the airport, the plane had just taken oft. § 194 By the time I reached Constanza (Cind am ajuns la Constanja). Prepo- zifia by asociatd cu ideea de timp indic& o perioada (limita) de timp nedepagita. EXERCITII 1) Punefi verbele din paranteze la timpurile cerute de sens: Paul ...a lot of money before he... his future wife (to save, to meet). When he. cinema, the film... already (to get, to begin). When the woman... cakes (to get, to eat). When Paul... at the airport, the plane just... (to arrive, to take off). By the time he... Constanza, she... not to marry ‘him (to reach, to decide). 2) Raspundefi la urmatoarele tntrebéri: Where are Paul and George sitting? What are they talking about? What is the name of Paul’s wife; Why did the girl decide not to marry him? Why couldn’t Paul arrive at the airport in time? Does he regret his bad luck? Is he happy with his wife? 3) Completafi cu articolul hotdrit sau nehotarit: ‘When I arrived at ... airport... plane had just taken off. Of course, I drove on to... Con- stanza as fast as I could. But by... time I reached Constanza, she had decided not to marry me. She didn’t know anything about it, for it was meant to be... surprise. On... day of our wedding, I was still in Bucharest. 4) Trecefi urmatoarele propozitii la persoanele indicate tn paranteze: There's a little question 1 have always wanted to ask you (I-a plural). We have known each other for so many years (a I1J-a plural). | had already been three years at the seaside before I met that girl (a I/J-a singular masculin). 1 was working in a fish-smoking factory at the time (a IJJ-a singular masculin). We fixed the date of the wedding (a /II-a plural). 1 was very happy (a II-a plural). For some years before 1 met her, I had saved enough money to build a flat in Bucharest (a I/J-a singular masculin). Unfortunately, while | was driving to the airport, I had a breakdown and I arrived too late (a III-a singular masculin). 5) Formafi propozifii cw ajutorul urmatoarelor tabele: a) The train afew minutes we arrived at | the station. The ship __| had | tefe | twenty minutes| before| Tom got to the harbour*. The plane a little the tourists | reached | the airport. ese e b) The train left the station | afew minutes 1 piitles ho The ship left harbour | twenty minutes! 2 | we gs The plane |, | taken off la little ieee ‘arrived at | the airport. i: | & | the tourists | got to | | reached * harbour [‘ha:ba] s. port 224©) ' arrived at | the station, | the train | @ Wren : we got to the ship £ dee ceases aes reached the plane | & | taken off, the tourists 2 4) 4 arrived The train_| = |jleft_the station 1 chara: The ship 7) 2 | lefe harbour when we oem! El taken off by the time | Tom ‘the airport.| The plane 3 the tourists | got to = reached 2) ' £ > twenty minutes | when the train _| left the station, 7 . 3 | there the ship _| left harbour. ha 3 ante before [the plane | took off. The tourists ai f) : 3 the train left_the station. 3 we ~ | there | five minutes | When | the ship left_harbour. Tom < a minute he Took om The tourists z ene barnes beta fl | L 8) ' the train it_left_the station. we had just got on the ship when | it_left_harbour. Tom had hardly Jthe ship | at tote arbour. The tourists the plane it took off. 6) Traducefi in limba englezd: Cei doi tineri (young people) s-au indragostit si au hotarit si se cAsitoreascd. Tindrul (young man) era foarte fericit. Inainte de a o intilni pe viitoarea lui sofie, el economisise ceva bani pentru (to) a-si construi un apartament la Bucuresti. Fata il astepta cu familia la Oficiul starii civile. El intentiona si plece cu avionul. pentru ca si ajungi (to get) la timp la Con- stanfa. In timp ce mergea spre aeroport, a avut o pana de motor sia intirziat. Cind a ajuns la aeroport, avionul decolase. Cind a sosit la Constanfa era prea tirziu — fata hotdrise s4 nu se mai marite cu el. 7) Povestiti oral pajania lui Paul ca gi cum ar povesti-o George.Lectia 37 VOCABULAR Amerfoan [o'merikan] s., adj. american. author ['9:60] s. autor to bear {to ‘bee, bore [bo:), born(e)* (bo:n] ¢. a haste command [ke'ma:nd] 2. ordin, porunci famous ['feimes] adj. celebru Finn [fin {him elt] pron. de tntdrire tnsugi Huckleberry [‘hakiberi humorist [‘hju:merist] ¢. umorist. Mark [ma:k Pauper [\po:po] +. sirac, cengotor perhaps [pa'heps} adv. ‘poate prince [prins] #. print realistic [ria'listik] adj. realist Sawyer ['s9:ja] Twain [twein] wish [wif] s. dorinfa to write [to ‘rait), wrote [rout], written [‘ritn] o. a serie writer ['raite] # scriitor EXPRESII to tell a story — a spune o poveste why? — ei cum? aren't we supposed to... ['a:nt wi: sa'pouzd ta] — oare nu trebuie (noi) s8...? some more about him — (si) altele despre el to get to the story — a trece la poveste, a ajunge la poveste at last [ot ‘lo:st] — tn sftrgit 80 would everybody — ca toaté lumea THE CONDITIONAL Who wrote it? George: Why, Mark Twain himself. Alezandra: Who is Merk Twain? Eva: Don’t you know that? Alezandra: Of course I know. But aren’t we supposed to do exerci conversation here? Eva: Oh, yes, you're right. Paul: Well, who would like to speak today? I should like to tell you a story about Mark Twain. in English George: Mark Twain is a famous American humorist and realistic writer. He was born in 1835 and died in 1910. Alezandra: Thank you. Liza: But I'd like to know some more about him. Diana: Oh, would you? But we'd like to hear the story. George: A lady’s wish is a command. Mark Twain is the author of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, The Prince and the Pauper and many other books. Liza: Thank you, George. * Forma born apare numai in constructii pasive. Exemplu: He was born in 1900 nascut in 1900. Dar: She has borne him two sons — i-a nascut doi biieti. 226Dan: Well, now perhaps we could get to the story at last. Maria: We could, of course, but why should we do it so quickly? I'd prefer a cup of tea first. Eva: So would everybody, I’m sure. First a cup of tea or coffee and then the story. A THOUGHT The greatest of faults, I should say, is to be conscious of none. Thomas Carlyle EXPLICATIT GRAMATICALE § 195 Condifionalul prezent. Conditionalul prezent se formeaz& cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar should [fud] (trecutul verbului shall) pentru persoana I singular gi plural gi al verbului auxiliar would [wud] (trecutul verbului will) pentru per- soana a Il-a gia IlI-a singular gi plural urmat de infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat. Exemplu: I should Ike to tell you a story. La forma interogativ’ se agazi auxiliarul inaintea subiectului, iar la forma negativé se adaugé adverbul not dup verbul auxiliar. Afirmatio Interogatio Negatio I should like — mi-ar plicea, ag vrea Should I like? I should not like You would like Would you like? You would not like He/she would like Would he/she like? He/she would not like We should like Should we like? We should not like You would like Would you ihe? You would not like They would like Would they like? They would not like Afirmatio Interogatio 8. + Should/Would + Infinitiv scurt Should/Would + 8. + Infinitiv scurt Negatio 8. + Should/Would + not + Infinitiv scurt Not&. Forma afirmativa contrast a condifionalului prezent se reduce la ‘d (apostrof d) Ja toate persoanele, Exemple: Wd like, you'd like Forma negativé contrast a condifionalului prezent se reduce la should’t (should not) gi wouldn’t (would not). Exemple: I shouldn't (fudnt) like We shouldn't like You wouldn't [wudnt] like You wouldn't like He/she wouldn't [wudnt] like They wouldn't like Conditionalul prezent corespunde optativului din limba romana gi, in construc- fille condifionale, conditionalului. § 196 Prepozifia in. Prepozitia in se foloseste pentru a exprima o perioadd de timp mai lung& (luni, anotimpuri, ani), Exemplu: He was born in 1835. 227§ 197 Could. Could este trecutul verbului can (avind aceeagi forma la toate persoanele). Uneori could se folosegte gi cu infelesul de conditional, de exemplu: I could run faster a few years ago — puteam s& alerg mai repede acum clfiva ani, We could have a cup of coffee — am putea servi o cafea, We could get to the story — am putea trece la poveste, § 198 Why should we do it? (= De ce s-o facem?) Intocmai oa gi shall, in propozitiile interogative should corespunde conjunctivului din limba romand, de exemplu: What should I do now? — ce si tac acum? Where should they go? —unde si se duci? EXERCITII 1) Raspundefi la urmédtoarele intrebari: What do you know about Mark Twain? When was Mark Twain born? When did Twain die? What books written by Twain do you know? Have you read any books by Mark Twain? 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozitii la forma interogativd: He'd like to speak about Mark Twain. He wrote a lot of books. We are supposed to do exercises in English conversation. You'd like to hear the story. Mark Twain is the author of Tom Sawyer. 3) Completati cu articolul hotdrit saw nehotdrit unde este cazul: I should like to tell you... story about Mark Twain. Mark Twain is... American humorist. ‘We'd like to hear... story. ...lady’s wish is... command. Mark Twain wrote... Tom Sawyer and... Prince and... Pauper. 4) Formati propozifit cu ajutorul tabelului de mai jos: now. 1 should . | immediately. We ‘d aa ae it en Monday. shouldn't on Tuesday morning. oer at ten o'clock. about 6:30. in the afternoon, like to go in January. He er ee the this autumn. She » in a week's time. at ee today. They to see him | tomorrow. oe | hee next time. | them | next Friday. 2285) Traduceti in limba englezd: Ag dori s% vA spun o poveste despre Mark Twain. Povestea a fost scrisi de insusi Mark Twain. Twain a fost un mare scriitor umorist american. S-a nascut in 1835 gi a murit in 1910. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, Print si cersetor sint titlurile (titles) unor c&rfi celebre de Mark Twain. Afi citit vreo carte de Mark Twain? Da, am citit Tom Sawyer anul trecut. 6) Povestifi in scris activitatea dvs. zilnicd. 7) Citii, scriefi dupa dictare gi povestiti: The story of the Prince and the Pauper Prince Edward, the son of Henry VIII discovers Tom Canty, a pauper boy, to be exactly like him in appearance. In order to amuse himself he takes Tom inside the ' palace and he changes clothes with Tom, but then the servants throw Edward out of the palace and keep Tom there as the real prince. Edward tells everybody in the town that he is Prince Edward but the people think he is insane. So he has to live among the poor and he learns the suffer- ings of the people. After the death of Henry VIII, Tom is taken to Westminster Abbey to be crowned. Prince Edward manages to come there too and proves his identity with the help of Tom, who returns to his poor family. Edward becomes king and will be a good king because he has’ learned very much during his contact with the common people. to amuse oneself [tu a'mju:z wan'self] ». ase insane [in'sein] s. alienat mintal amuza inside [‘insaid] adv. in interiorul appearance [o'piarans] s. infatisare to manage [ta 'mamnids] ». a reusi Canty [‘kenti] palace [‘pzlis] s. palat common ['koman] adj. comun to prove [ta 'pru:v] » a dovedi contact [‘kontekt] s. contact real [rial] adj. adevarat to crown [t) ‘kraun] ¢. a incorona servant ['so:vant] s. servitor to discover [ta dis'kava] v. a descoperi suffering ['safarig] s. suferinga Edward [‘edwod] to return [ta ri'ta:n] ». a se intoarce Identity [ai'dentiti] ». identitate to throw [ta ‘@rau} v. a aruncaLectia 38 a fridge biscuits chocolate a pot & sandwich a lemon VOCABULAR anybody [‘enibodi] pron. nehot. cineva (tn jam [dsm] s. dulceats, marmeladi construcfii interogative), nimeni strucfii. negative) biscuit [ biskit] s. biscuit, pesmet to bring [ta ‘brip], brought [bro:t], brought [bro:t] . a aduce butter ['bate] ». unt buttered [‘bated] adj., part. tre. uns cu unt chocolate ['tfoklit] 2. ciocolats frldge [frids] «. frigider (familiar de la refrige- rator [ri fridgereita]) (tn con- to keep [ta'ki:p], kept [kept], kept [kept] ». a fine, a p&stra lemon [‘lemen] s. limtie milk [milk] s. lapte pot [pot] ». cand to put [te ‘put], put [put], put [put] ». a pune sandwich ['senwids] ». sandvig somebody ['sambadi] pron. nehot. cineva (tn constructii afirmative ) until [on'til] prep. pin& co EXPRESII some of you — unii dintre voi you take lemon... don’t you? — doresti 1a- mile... nu-i aga? 1 don't think so — nu (prea) cred here’s — iat& bread and butter — ptine cu unt help me put all these things away — (tn text) ajuté-ma st string masa let's get back to our work — hai s& ne apuctm din nou de treab& 230AFTERNOON TEA Eva: (bringing in a pot of tea and one of coffee): 1 know some of you don’t like tea in the afternoon, so I've also madé some coffee. Tell me, what shall I pour for each of you? Maria: Coffee for me, please. Victor: Tea for me, please. Diana: What would you like to have, Dan? Dan: Ob, 1 think I'd like coffee, please. Maria: And would you like a sandwich? Dan: Yes, please. I like sandwiches. Alezandra: You take lemon with your tea, Victor, don’t you? Victor: 1 do take lemon sometimes, but I think I should prefer to have milk today, thank you, Alexandra. Paul: Would you like some jam, Eva? Eva: No, I don’t think so, thank you. Liza: Here's some buttered toast, Adrian, or would you prefer bread and butter? Adrian: Yes, I'd prefer some bread and butter, please. Eva: Would anybody like a chocolate cake? George: I will have one, thank you. Victor: Will you have another cup of tea, Liza? Liza: No, thank you. I’ve had too much of everything. Maria: | say, Eva, that was a very good tea, indeed, but next week Adrian and I will bring ice-cream for everybody and you can keep it in the fridge until the tea-break. And perhaps somebody could bring some biscuits. Eva: All right. But, by the way, our break is over, so help me put all these things away and let’s get back to our work. A THOUGHT He that can have patience can have what he will. Benjamin Franklin PROVERB Give a man luck and throw him into the sea. PRONUNTARE Bread and butter [‘bredn’bata]. In aceastd constructie conjunctia and [snd] se reduce la [n]. 231EXPLICATIL GRAMATICALE § 199 Substantivele comune luate in sens general, ca indicind materia, se folo- sesc fri articol. Exemple: 2) ») i tea. good tea. ike coffee. Victor a cup of | good coffee. 1 | don't like ' George | likes to drink good milk. We | drink iE a always drinks dome drink | PST ina Tass of | cold beer. ae om cold water. °°) \ liked ° tea, ee drank coffee. We lel) che | milk, [| George | didn't | like beer. ; fa Liza a, water, | He wasn’t good. Substantivele comune luate in sens particular (restrictiv) se folosesc mai ales cu articolul hotarit sau adjectivul demonstrativ. § 200 Somebody, anybody. Some, any + bodylone formeazi pronumele neho- trite (somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, care se folosesc ca gi some gi any.) Exemple: Somebody could bring some biscuits. Would anybody like a chocolate cake? § 201 What shall I pour? Degi la persoana I singular gi plural a verbului se poate folosi atit forma shall (viitorul simplu) cit si will (viitorul volitiv, cu nuant& modal, aratind intentia, hotdrirea), la forma interogativa nu se poate folosi decit shall la persoana I singular si plural. § 202 I do take lemon sometimes. Verbul to do se poate folosi in constructii cu forma afirmativa a indicativului prezent si imperativului, pentru accentuare. I do take We do take You do take You do take He/she does take They do take Verbul de intarire (Emphatic “do”) se poate traduce prin cuvinte de intarire insofite de o intonajie speciali. Exemple: ‘Sit down, please — luafi loc, va rog. Do sit down, (please) — Dar, va rog, luati loc. § 203 will, would. Formele interogative will you? would you? sint formele de politete pentru a ruga pe cineva ceva, sau a-i oferi cuiva ceva. Formula cea mai politicoas& este Would you like...? Exemple: Will you have another cup of tea? — mai doriti/servifi un ceai? Would anybody like chocolate cake? — doreste/vreajserveste cineva o préjitura de ciocolata? What would you like to have? — ce serviti? ce doriti s& serviti? 232EXERCITII 1) Traducefi in limba englezd urmétoarele propozitii folosind verbul de intdrire to do unde este cazul: Va rog, luafi loc. Dar, va rog, Iuafi loc! Citeste lecfia. Dar, te rog, citeste lecfia. Nu-i place ceaiul. Ba fi place mult ceaiul. Vino aici! Dar, te rog, vino aici! Ajut&-m& s& string masa, te rog. Dar, te rog, ajuti-ma si string masa. 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozifii la viitorul volitiv: I take some tea in the afternoon. We also make some coffee. I keep some ice-cream in the fridge. We have chocolate after lunch. I drink milk in the morning. 3) Completafi urmdtoarele propozitii cu articolul hotdrit sau nehotdrit: I know some of you don’t like... tea in... afternoon. I think I'd like... coffee. Would you like... sandwich? I like... sandwiches. Would you like... chocolate cake? This was... very good tea. 4) Facefi propozitii cu ajutorul urmdtoarelor tabele: a) b) lsome teat lko buy? to drink _|some coffee? to have? to have |some wine? aE \some beer? “ to drink? to see? jan apple? you 1 you toe fa peart ie to listen to He 7 = would ice |Woutd| like | to have [an tee ms she la cake? ee ty | — He lsome good records? lko got to listen 0 |ome piano music?| Where Ito stay? |to live? eee to stay there? to live 5) Traducefi in limba englezi: Teri am fost [acasa] la unul din prietenii mei. El ne-a tntrebat: Ce dorifi, ceai sau cafea?* Unii dintre not au réspuns: Am dori ceat*. Aljii au spus: »Preferim cafes”. Prietenul nostru ne-a dat [nite] sandviguri si prajituri. Totul a fost foarte bun.Lectia 39 VOCABULAR to break [to ‘breik], broke [brouk], broken [ubrouken] ». a rupe, a sparge; a cilea (0 regula) Clemens ['klemanz] Alsgraced {dis 'greist] adj., part. trec. dezonorat isobedient [disa'bi:djant] adj. neascultator dollar ['dola] ¢. dolar to earn [tu'a:n] v. a ctytiga (prin muned) father [‘fa:Bo] s. tata fine [fain] 2. amend’ headmaster [‘hed'ma:sta] s. director de scoala mark [ma:k] s. semn, crest&tur& naughty ('nd:ti] adj. neascultator, obraznic penknife [ pennaif} s. briceag Pen-name [‘penneim] s. pseudonim practice [‘preektis] ¢. obicei, practic& Publlely { pablikii) ade. tn public quiet [kwaiat] adj. quiet! linigte! real [rial] adj. real, adevirat to realize [ta ‘riolaiz] 0, Samuel ['seemjuol] schoolboy ['sku:lboi] «. scolar, elev shame [jeim] s. rugine to stop [ta 'stop] o. a opri, a pune capat atriet [strikt) adj. strict, sever unbearable [an‘bearabl] ‘adj. de nesuportat unless [an'les] conj. numai dac8, de nu, afar& de cazul cind unpunished (‘an panift] adj, part. tree. nepe- depsi upstairs ['4p'steoz) adv, sus, 1a etaj to whip (tu'wip] o. a bate cu biciul, a biciui whipping [‘wipip] s. bataie cu biciul whole [foul] ad), tntreg, tot, agi da seama EXPRESII they used to make marks — (tn text) obis- nuiau 88 fack mtzgalituri, crestaturi the headmaster had made It a rule that... — directorul stabilise regula ca. to break a rule — a cilca o regula, un regu- lament He was to be whipped — urma sa fie biciuit It would be @ shame to have the name of Clemens disgraced — ar fi o rugine ca nu- mele (de) Clemens 68 fie facut de ocaré to go unpunished — a scipa de pedeapsi, a rimtne nepedepsit to give somebody a good whipping —a da cuiva o bataie stragnicd cu bictul In this way — tn acest fel HOW MARK TWAIN EARNED HIS FIRST MONEY After tea the conversation is resumed. Diana: Well, at last, 1 think we can now hear George's story about how Mark Twain earned his first money. Quiet, please, and everybody listen to George. Liza: Wait a minute. Is it true that Mark Twain's real name was not Mark Twain? Paul: Quite true, His real name was Samuel Clemens. Mark Twain was his pen- name, George: Well now, may I begin? All; Yes, do please. We are all waiting for the story. 234George: Now, then, when Mark Twain was a schoolboy, the boys at school were very naughty and disobedient. They used to make marks on their desks with their pencils and penknives. In order to stop this practice the headmaster had made it a very strict rule that any boy who made marks on his desk had either to pay a fine of five dollars or be whipped publicly. One day Mark Twain broke the rule and was to be whipped the following day unless he paid the five dollars. When he told his father about it his father said to him: “Sam, it would be a shame to have the name of Clemens disgraced before the whole school, so Pll pay the fine. But I don’t want you to go unpunished, so come upstairs”. Mark Twain went upstairs to his room and there his father gave him a good whipping. But as Sam realized that the whipping wasn’t unbearable, he decided to keep the five dollars his father gave him and to take another whipping at school. In this way he earned his first money. All; Very good, George. A very nice story, thank you. EXPLICATI LEXICALE § 204 To earn. To win, Ambele verbe inseamn& ,a ctytiga bani“. Dar spre deosebire de to win care implick nofiunea de gansi, to earn inseamna a clgtiga prin munc&“. In povestioara despre Mark Twain, to earn este folosit’ in sens ironic, EXPLICATII GRAMATICALE 205 USED TO ( + infinitiv). Construcia used to ['ju:stu] urmaté de un infinitiv arat& 0 acfiune repetaté in trecut gi se traduce (tn text) prin ,obig- nuiau 84...“ § 206 Any. In propozitia afirmativé any = ,orice, oricare“. § 207 He was to be whipped. Verbul to be urmat de un infinitiv lung capata un infeles modal exprimtind 0 acfiune hotarttd anterior. El se traduce — fn textul lectiei — prin ,urma s& fie biciuit“. Alt exemplu: He is to go there — el urmeazd s& plece acolo. § 208 Omisiunea pronumelui relativ. Pronumele relativ tn cazul acuzativ se poate omite cind introduce o propozitie atributiva. Exemplu: He decided to keep the five dollars (whlch) his father gave him. EXERCITII 1) Raspundefi la urmatoarele intrebari: What was Mark Twain's real name? What is the English for “pseudonim”? What did the headmaster do in order to stop the pupils making marks on their desks? What did Mark Twain do after breaking the rule? What did his father say? What did Mark Twain decide to do after taking a whipping from his father? Do you think Mark Twain really earned the five dollars? 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozitii la forma interogativd: Now we can hear George's story. Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens. The boys ‘were very naughty and disobedient. One day Mark Twain broke the rule. He was to be whip- 235ped the following day. Mark Twain’s father was to pay the fine. Mark Twain went upstairs to his room. 3) Completati spafiile libere cw prepozifiile necesare: .tea the conversation is resumed. Mark Twain decided to keep the 5 dollars and take another whipping... school. It would be a shame to have the name... Clemens disgraced... the whole school. Any boy who made marks... his desk will be whipped publicly. We are all ing... the story. 4) Povestiti cum si-a cistigat Mark Twain primii sai bani. 5) Traducefi in limba englezd: Mark Twain este doar un pseudonim. Adevaratul nume al scriitorului american era Samuel Clemens. El ne povesteste cum a clstigat primi si bani. Cind era la scoala, baietii obignuiau s& faci semne cu creionul ‘ briceagul pe bancile lor. Baiefii care faceau acest lucru urmau s& pliteascd o amenda de 5 dolari sau s& fie batui in public. Mark Twain a calcat gi el regu- lamentul. Tatal siu s-a hotdrit si pliteasci amenda. ,,Ar fi o rusine“ a spus el ,ca numele de Clemens sa fie facut de ocara in fata intregii scoli*. El n-a vrut insa s&-si lase fiul (sau) nepedepsit si i-a tras o bataie stragnicd. Micuful ‘Sam s-a hotarit s& plstreze cei 5 dolari si s& mai primeasc& o bitaie la scoala. Acestia au fost primii bani cistigati de Mark Twain. 6) Formafi propozitii si fraze cu ajutorul urmédtoarelor tabele: a) b) I He was read She speak read very much la student.| to| answer | Next: 1 | used to | work very hard | when | was |young. We translate | "OW get up very early lat school. You | were| | try TheyLectia 40 a rowing boat a sailing boat VOCABULAR ch [a:tf] s. arc around [a'raund] prep. in jurul Athenaeum (20i'niom] s. Ateneu avenue ['zvinju:] s. bulevard, sosea (tn ora) Block [blok} s. bloc boat [bout] s. barcd building ['bildip] s. cladire coach [koutf} s. autocar cousin [‘kazn] s. var, vara cultural ['kalt{aral] adj. cultural district [‘distrikt] s. cartier to enjoy [tu in'dsoi] ¢. a-i placea, a se distra entertainment [enta'teinmant] s. distractie, amuzament, agrement grass [gra:s] . iarb& green [gri:n] adj. verde Grand National Assembly [‘grend ‘nafanl a'sembli] s. Marea Adunare Nafionali guide [gaid] s. ghid hall [ho:l] s. sala to house (ta thauz] ¢. a fi sediul, a gizdui to impress [tu im'pres] ¢. a impresiona Intercontinental [,intakonti'nentl] large [lo:d3] adj. mare, intins. major ['meidsa] adj. mare, principal modern ['moden} adj. modern wuseum [mjuziam] s. muzeu National Travel Office (:nefanl ‘trevl ‘ofis] s. Oficiul National de Turism neighbourhood [‘neibahud] s. vecinatate the one [89 'wan] pron. dem. cel care, cea care Opera-house [‘oparshaus] s. Opera palace [‘palis) s. palat park [pak] s. pare to pass [to 'pa:s] v. a trece (pe ling’) Poland [‘pouland} Polonia Pole [paul] s. polonez principal ['prinsapal] adj. principal Printing Works [‘printip ‘wa:ks] s. intreprin- dere poligrafic rowing boat [‘rouiy bout] s. barca’ cu visle sailing boat ['seilip but] s. barci cu pinze ship [Jip] s. vas, ambarcatiune sightseeing ['saitsi:iy] s. vizitarea orasului sport [spo:t] s. sport tourist ['tuarist] s. turist triumph [‘traiomf] s. triumt the United States of Amerlea [89 ju'naitid 'steits ov a'merika] Statele Unite ale Ame- ricii Village [‘vilids] 5. sat visitor [‘vizita] s. vizitator whom [hu:m] pron. rel. pe care to work with (tu 'wa:k wid] . a lucra la (0 intreprindere etc.) EXPRESII you are weleome to [ju 9 'welkam tu] — poftim te rog, eu plaicere around town — prin oras to go on foot — a merge pe jos to go down the street — a merge pe stradd by themselves — ele singure so that — astfel incit 237SIGHTSEEING Diana: I'd like to be the one to speak today. All: You're welcome to. Go ahead. Diana: It’s about a sightseeing tour of Bucharest. My cousin works with the National Travel Office and yesterday she took a group of foreign tourists around town. I went with them. Dan: Did you go on foot? Diana: Oh, no. We went by coach. In fact we had a big bus because there was a very large group of tourists whom we took around sightseeing. Alexandra: What countries did they come from? There were English people from England, Americans from the United of America, French people from France, Russians from the Soviet Union, Italians from Italy and some Poles from Poland. Maria: And what places did you show them? Diana: We went down the major streets, boulevards and avenues, and saw such principal buildings as the Palace of the Republic and the Palace Hall, the Athenaeum, the Intercontinental Hotel, the National Theatre, and the building which houses the Grand National Assembly. Victor: Did you go to Kisseleff Avenue, too? Diana: Yes, we did. We saw the large building of the Sctnteia House Printing Works, the great Exhibition Hall near it, the Village Museum and the Arch of Triumph, all of them in the neighbourhood of the Herdstrdu Park with its een grass, many flowers and its lakes with little ships, and sailing and rowing oats on them, Adrian: Did you also go through the new districts of houses for the working eople Diana: Yes, and everybody was very much impressed at seeing these thousands of blocks of modern flats forming little towns by them selves all around our capital. Paul: Did you also tell our foreign visitors anything about cultural buildings and places of entertainment? You know some of them may like to go to the cinema or to a concert. Diana: Of course I showed them the museums, the big libraries which we Ratsed, the cinemas, theatres, the Opera-house, the Palace of Sports and Culture and so forth. Alezandra:'I am sure you enjoyed the tour very much. Diana: Yes, certainly. “Especially as the guide spoke English and French all the time so that [ had a useful lesson in both languages. EXPLICATIT LEXICALE $ 209 Cousin este un substantiv de gen comun avind aceeagi form pentru genul masculin gi cel feminin (= var, vara). EXPLICATIL GRAMATICALE § 210 Locul prepozitiei. Prepozitia care se referd la cuvintul interogativ cu care Incepe o tntrebare specialé (what, where, whom) se agazi in limba vorbitd la sftrgitul propozitiei. Exemplu: What countries did they come from? 238§ 211 Numeralul, Numeralul thousand (ca gi hundred) poate deveni substentiv, primind terminafia -s la plural gi find, in acest caz, intotdeauna urmat de pre- pozitia of (tntocmai ca gi un substantiv). Exemplu: thousands of blocks of flats — mii de blocuri. § 212 Verbul TO PASS. Verbul to pass este uneori urmat de un complement direct gi in acest caz se traduce prin ,a trece pe ling. Exemplu: the big libraries which we passed — marile biblioteci pe Ing’ care am trecut. EXERCITII 4) Completafi urmatoarele propozitii cw prepozitiile necesare: My cousin works... the National Travel Otfice. She took a group... foreign tourists... town. They’ did not go... foot. I am sure you enjoyed... the tour very much. She spoke to our foreign visitors... our cultural buildings. Some... them like to go... the cinema or... a concert. 2) Raspundeti la urmatoarele tntrebari: What is Diana speaking about? Where did she take a group of foreign tourists? Did the tourists go by bus or on foot? What countries did the tourists come from? What, important buildings in Bucharest do you know? What can you see in the Hertstrdu Park? Whet foreign languages do you speak? 3) Sd se scrie dupd dictare ultimele 12 rinduri din teatul lectiei. 4) Traducefi tn limba englezd: Varul meu, care luereandca ghid (as a guide) la Oficiul National de Turlsm, mi-a povestit despre jun tur (de, visitare] al, Bucuragtiolui cu ‘un grup de turigti strain, Erau turigti din multe ari. Ei au vizitat (to cisit [‘vizit]) principalele clAdiri gi monumente (monuments ('mo- njumonts)) ale oragului, Si mie tmi place s& vad alte locuri gi fan, Anul acesta am fort cu ONT-ul tn Tugoslavia gi Ungaria, iar anul trecut am fost tn Bulgaria. 5) Spumefi ce reprezintd desenele de mai jos:Lectia 41 \2/ oF yt a { achin nieae: k fat man thin miVOCABULAR age [eids] ». virst& heart (ha:t] s. inim& anatomy [o'nztomi] s. anatomie Imagination {imedsineifon] s. imaginatie 2 brat fo inform (tu in'To:m] o. a informa ktiv] adj. drigut, atrigitor leg (leg) s. pic stoful] adj. frumos Mleraged ['midl'cidsd} adj. de virstt. mij- body [‘bodi] s. trup, corp miecle bottom ['botom] s. fund mouth [maud] s. guré character [‘kerikto] s. personaj neck [nek] s. git cheek [tfi:k] s. obraz nose [nauz] s, nas chin [tin] s. birbie nothing ['nAGip] pron. nehot. nimic creation [kri'eijan] s. creafie opinion [a'pinjan) s. parere dark [da:k] adj. (despre ochi) negri to raise [ta ‘reiz] °. a ridica doing, (-du:in) s, activitate reader ['ri:do] s. cititor ear {ia} 6, ureche to remain (ta ri'mein] 9, a rimine elderly [‘eldali] adj. in virst& repulsive (ri'palsv] adj. respingttor ene alls. ocht serlous ['siorios] adj. serios face [feis] *. fata short [Jo:t] adj, scund, scurt tat [fat] adj. gras tall [to:l} adj. tnalt funny [‘fani] adj. nostim, hazliu; comic theirs (5e0z] pron. pos. rey, rel adj eri, comugin thin [¢in] adj. (d. omen) slab, (d. tueruri) hand [hend) ». mtn subfire head [hed] s. cap ugly [‘agli] adj. urtt EXPRESIL to raise a question — a pune o Intrebare from the bottom of one’s heart — din adincul next to nothing — aproape nimic, mai ni- nimi well said — bine zis to'do one’s best [to ‘du: ‘wanz ‘best] — a to be in love with — a fi indréigostit de, a face tot posibilul iubi pe THE CHARACTERS IN THE BOOK One afternoon after tea, Dan raised the following question: Dan: Do you know? A long time has passed since we first met in this book and our readers know next to nothing about us. Paul: What do you mean? They know something about our jobs and our doings... Diana: Oh, no, Dan’s right. They don’t know anything about us. Are we young or middle-aged or old? Who is tall and who is short among us? Who is thin and who is fat? Have I blue eyes? Has Victor brown or dark eyes? Are Eva’s eyes grey? ‘Are there any beautiful women among us? Are there any good-looking men? Are we nice, pretty, attractive, or are we ugly and repulsive? Adrian: All right. Then let us inform them about us. Dear readers, we have a head, a face, two eyes, two ears, a nose, a mouth, two cheeks, a chin, hair on our head... Victor: Adrian, we also have a body, a neck, two arms with two hands, two legs with two feet... Maria: Now, don’t be funny and change this talk into a lesson of anatomy. That'll be enough. Our readers would like to know something else about us, something serious. 241Eva: No, 1 think we mustn't say anything more than was already said here. Let anybody imagine us to be how he or she may like us. Young readers may imagine us to be their age, elderly students theirs. If we remain the creation of their ima- gination, they'll like and love us more. George: And we must do our best to make our readers feel that we are their friends who want to help them, from the bottom of our herts, to learn English. Liza: Well said, George. I am already in love with all'of you. THOUGHTS ‘We have two ears and only one tongue in order that we may hear more and speak jess. Diogenes Nothing great was ever achieved without enhusiasm. Ralph Emerson PROVERB If the mountain will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to the mountain. EXPLICATI LEXICALE § 218 Beautifal. Adjectivul beautiful se foloseste mai ales referitor la o femeie, un peisaj, sau o operd de arté. In legiturd ou frumusetea masculin& nu se poate folosi. EXPLICATI. GRAMATICALE § 214 Pluralul substantivelor. Substantivele terminate la singular in sunetul {2}, indiferent de ortografia lor, adauget la plural, n pronunfare, sleba (iz), de exer: plu: nove — noses [ noutiz). § 215 Nothing, Acest pronume nehotarlt, care se formeaz& de la no + substan- tivul thing se foloseste ca gi adjectivul nehotarlt no (v. § 180). Exemplu: They know nothing about us — Nu gtiu nimic despre noi. (Lit. §tiu nimic despre noi). Atragem atentia o& tn limba englezi prezenta unui cuvint cu infeles negativ core ca verbul s& fie la forma afirmativd (pentru oa propozifia st aibd un sens nega- tiv), deoarece doud negatii in aceeagi propozitie ar face oa sensul acesteia aa fie afirmativ si nu negativ. Exemplu: I'm not nobody — Nu stnt ,,nimeni*, (Sensul: Stnt cineva, nu stnt un oarecare). § 216 If we remain the creation of their imagination, they’ll like us more. Dac& predicatul propozitiei principale este la viitor, predicatul propozifiei subordonate condifionale care tncepe cu if — ,,dac&, este la prezent. 242: EXERCITII 1) Réspundefi la urmdtoarele tntrebdri: Do you know many things about the characters in this book? Are the characters in the book young or old? {iow afd do you think Diana ls? How old t# Victor in your opinion? Which of the ton characters are young do you think? And which are old? Which of {he ten characters in the book do you prefer 2) Completati cu prepozitiile necesare: Our readers know next... nothing... us. I am... love... all... them. I want to help you the bottom... my heart. Don’t change our talk. lesson... anatomy. Are there any beautifi women... us? Let us inform them... us. 3) Facefi propozitii cu ajutorul urmdtoarelor tabele: book 1 J———| shall bring ie, dictionary | we My husband We have A man has 4) cheeks. him 50. Let arm we | he et Weeh them write, the children | run, 4) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozifii la forma interogativd: One day Dan raisod a serious question. They know something about our jobs and our doings. Viclor has brawo yas. Eva's eyes are greon. There are, tomo beautiful women among us. Our readers would like to know something about us. They'll like and love us more. You make your readers foel that you are thelr friends. He wants to help them to learn English. 5) Traducefi tn limba englezd: Ag dori s& va spun ctteva cuvinto despre personajele acestei c&rfi. Nu gtiu multe lucruri deepre ele, dar mio tmi plac foarto mult, Nu gtiu nt tineri sau batrini., Cred c& uni Aint inert i ait slat batrni. Unit au ochi albaptr, alfi au ochi negr, unele fomel sint tru moase, unil birbati stut chipogi. Imi dau seama (J feel) c& personajele acestei c&rfi m-au ‘ajutat’ foarte mull s& tnvit englezeste.Lectia 42 a horse a swallow arose ey smoke VOCABULAR activity [wk tiviti] s. activitate appetite ['epitait] s. poftt barking [‘ba:kip) adj. care latrs best [best] I. adj. the best cel mai bun (superl. de la good). II. adv. cel mai bine (superl. de la well) better [‘beta] ade. mai bine (comp. de la well) to bite (ta ‘bait}, bit [bit], bitten [‘bitn] o. a mugca to come back [ta "kam 'bwk] ¢. a se intoarce to convince [ta kan'vins] . a convinge devil (‘devl] s. diavol, drac different [‘difrant] adj. diferit, deosebit (de) eating [‘i:tip] s. mincat sanivaleat {i'kwivalont] s., adj. echivalent to err [tu '9:] o. a gregi evidence [‘evidans] s. example [ig'za:mpl] exception [ik'sepfon} to excuse [tu iks'kju: far (fa:] adj. departe to father [ta 'fa:0a] 9. a concepe, a da nastere to fish [ta 'fif] o. a pescui gi fe ift] s. dar [te ‘glite] o. a straluci a on [ta ‘gou ‘on] ». a continua lovada exemplu exceptie °. a seuza gold Ugouldy «au haste [heist] s. helpful tihetptalf ad dj. uti, de folos horse [(ho:s] s. cal hunger [‘hage] s. foame to Illustrate [tu ‘ilostreit] 9. a ilustra, a exem- plifica instance [‘instans] s. exemplu to interrupt [tu into'rapt] ea tntrerupe fron [‘aion] s. fier Latin [‘latin] I. adj. latinesc. II. ». latina less {les} adj. mai putin (comp. de ta ttle) mistake [mis'teik] s. greseal& need [ni:d] s. nevoie none [nan] pron. nehot. nimeni ourselves [aua'selvz] pron. de tntdrire noi ngine to paint [to ‘peint] o. a vopsi, a zugrivi to prove [ta 'pru:v] . a dovedi proverb [‘proveb] s. proverb to put off [ta ‘put ‘of] ¢. a amina to resemble [ta ri'zembi] o. a semfina cu rose [rouz] s. trandafir saying ['seiip] s. zicala ‘sauce [59:8] $. 508 limba 244seldom ['seldem] adv. rar swallow [‘swolou] s. rindunicd smoke [smauk] s. fum thought [00:t] *. gind eg ort ret thorn [@0:n) #. himpe s. smudy'['stadij & studiu to translate [to trans leit] o. a traduce sun [san] s. soare troubled ['trabld] adj. tulbure EXPRESII it is much like... — seamini mult cu... for instance — de exemplu as far as I know — dupa cite gtiu go ahead! — continua! zi mai departe! (fa- fo, give an example — a da un exemplu " nitir) fathe — “father” ther is a yer, ln’ 18% — “father” este verb, 4." ON) eo — a face 0 greseald PROVERBS AND SAYINGS One afternoon our friends had the following conversation at Eva's place: Liza: | should like to know something. Are there any proverbs or sayings in English which are much like the Romanian ones? . George: As far as I know there are certain English proverbs which resemble their Romanian equivalents. Paul: You're right, George. But there are others which aré very different from ou own proverbs and sayings. Maria: It would be much better to give some examples in order to convince us. George: Well, take for instance the following proverbs and sayings: There are spots even in the sun. There is no smoke without fire. There is no rose without thorns. There is no rule without exception. There is no place like home. A friend in need is a friend indeed. All is not gold that glitters. Diana: 1 know some English proverbs too. Let me think a little. Hunger is the best sauce. Better late than never. Paul: Yes, but the English add something “but better never late.” Diana: May I go on? All: Yes, of course, go ahead, Diana. Diana: He laughs best who laughs last. The more haste the less speed. He who makes no mistakes, makes nothing. Paul: I think we ourselves can illustrate this proverb, Excuse my interrupting you! Diana: Yes, Paul. You're right. And our own activity proves that: Everything is difficult before it is easy. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Strike the iron while it is hot. Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. 245Alexandra: There is a Latin saying: “Errare humanum est.” Is there no English equivalent of it? Diana: Yes, | think in England they say “To err is human.” ‘Alexandra: And what is the English for our Romanian phrase “a pescui in ape tul- buri”? Diana: If 1 am not mistaken the English say “to fish in troubled waters.” Eva: I remember one or two English proverbs which are very much like our Roman- ian ones: Appetite comes with eating. Barking dogs seldom bite. When the cat’s away the mice will play. George: Do you know that swallows come back later to England than to Romania? The following proverb is evidence of it: One swallow doesn’t make a summer. Paul: 1 know an English proverb which can be helpful in our study of grammar: “Wishes father thoughts”. Who can translate it? Diana: In this sentence, father is a verb, isn’t it? Paul: Yes, you're right. Now I’m sure you know its meaning. Alexandra: I wanted to give you two other examples: The devil is not so black as he is painted. If you run after two hares you will catch none. Eva: | think we have had a very interesting talk today and we've learned a lot of useful things. EXPLICATIL GRAMATICALE § 217 The English say. O serie de adjective substantivizate — nume de popoare nu au forma de plural, dar se folosese cu verbul Ja plural. Exemple: the English — englezii; the French — trancezii the Japanese — japonezii; the Chinese ['t{ai'ni:z] — chinerii Dar: the Romanians, the Italians, the Russians, the Germans. § 218 The more haste, the less speed. In aceast& constructie, apar doud compara- tive: more gi less. Constructiile de acest fel se traduc cu ,,cu eft... cu atit“, Exemplu: The larger the days, the shorter the nights — cu cit sint zilele mai lungi cu attt stnt nopfile mai scurte. § 219 Good/Well — better — the best. Adjectivul good gi adverbul well au gra- dele de comparatie neregulate better, the best. § 220 In England they say. In acest exemplu, pronumele personal they se folo- segte pentru a exprima un subiect nedefinit (= in Anglia se spune). In astfel de propozifii nedefinite, subiectul poate fi exprimat gi de pronumele we, you sau one. § 221 Wishes father thoughts. Acest proverb este un exemplu de conversiune in care cuvintul father nu este substantiv, ci verb. 246EXERCITII 4) Raspundefi la urmatoarele intrebari: Do you know any English proverbs which resemble their Romanian equivalents? Do you like to” learn English proverbs? Do you know an English proverb about friends? What do you think about the proverb Hunger is the best sauce? Do you agree with the proverb Every- thing is difficult before it is easy? 2) Traducefi tn limba romdnd proverbele gi zicalele din textul lecfiei. 3) Completafi proverbele si zicalele: The devil is not so black as... If you run after two hares. parking dogs... When the cat's away... A friend in need... There are spots even... Better late... The more haste... Don’t look a gift horse... ‘Strike the iron... * 4) Traducefi tn limba engles: Unele proverbe gi zicale englezesti stnt foarte asem&n&toare cu cele din limba roman’. Altele au cchivalenfe in romdnd. Dar sint gi multe proverbe gi zicale care aint foarte diferite de ,proverbele gi zicalele noastre, tntr-o sears, coi zoco pricteni ai nogtri s-au inttlnit acesé la Eva, ca de obicei, pentru conversatia lor siplimtnali tn limba englez. De data aceasta subiectul lor de conversatie a fost proverbele gi zicalele. Ei au dat multe exemple de proverbe gi zicale in ambele limbi. 5) Spunefi ce reprezintd desenele de mai jos:Lectia 43 VOCABULAR box-office ['boks'ofis] s. casi de bilete, to spend [te ‘spend], spent [spent}, agentie de bilete pent [open oarpetieos eo enormously [i'no:mosli] adv. enorm to sum up [to ‘sam ‘ap] ¢. a rezuma hurry [to ‘hari] ¢, a so grabi tense [tens] s. timp verbal law [l:] 5, lege Tony [‘touni] modern ['modan] adj. modern way [wei] s. drum, parent [‘peoront] s, parinte Wecklond[iwiikndl sfirgit de Progress [‘praugres] s. progres i timind Sequence ['si:kwons] s. coresponden{a er ['webe] conj. dack EXPRESII on my way to— fn drum(ul meu) spre THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES Victor: 1 think we may try a little more difficult exercise today. Diana: You always like difficult things in life, Victor. Dan: That is the law of progress. Eva: Well, then, let’s see what new progress we are going to make today. Begin then, Victor, ‘please. Victor: What are you doing now, Liza? Liza: I am reading a newspaper. Victor: Did you hear, everybody? She said she was reading a newspaper. Now, what are we all doing here, Dan? Dan: We are speaking English. Victor: Dan said we were speaking English. Do you speak English, George? What did I ask you? George: You asked me whether I spoke English. Victor: That is very good. Another question. Have you seen the new film at the Modern, Alexandra? What did I ask you? Alezandra: You asked me whether I had seen the new film at the Modern. Victor: Very good, again. Now, how long have we been learning English together, Meee learning English together for seven months. What did she say, Maria? Maria: She said we had been learning English for seven months. Victor: Very good, indeed. Now, what will you do next Sunday, Adrian? Adrian: ll go to Bragov for the week-end. Victor: Well, what did Adrian say? Eva: He said he would go to Bragov for the week-end. Victor: Thank you. And what are you going to do next Sunday, Paul? Paul: I am going to spend my week-end at Snagov. Victor: Thank you, What did Paul say, George? George: He said he was going to spend his week-end at Snagov. 248Victor: That is very good. And now to sum. up, I'll tell you this little story: On my way here I met my cousin Tony. He told me he had heard they had started selling tickets for the Enescu Festival and he was hurrying to be at the box-office in time. He knew his wife would be very happy to go to some of the concerts and would also like to take their parents with them so he was going to spend a lot of money because of the Festival, but he didn’t mind it. He said he liked music enormously. A THOUGHT There are books of which the backs and covers are by far the best parts. Charles Dickens A JOKE One day an actor met his stage director and told him he would not be able to act on that night. “Why? Are you ill?”, asked the director. “No, I'm all right. But the prompter is ill.” stage director [‘steids di'rekto] ». regizor to act [ekt] o. a juca prompter [‘prompto] s. sufler PROVERB Better to do well than to say well. EXPLICATI. GRAMATICALE § 222 At Snagov, in Bucharest. Prepozitiile de loc in gi at se foloseso de regula dup& cum urmeazd: in pentru localitati mari, importante. Exemple: in London, in New York City (‘nju:'jo:k ‘siti), in Tokyo [‘taukjou], in Rome (roum), in Berlin (ba:'lin), in Madrid [mo'drid), In Bucharest, in Paris ['paris], in Moscow ['maskou). at pentru localitati mai mici. Exemple: at Stratford-upon-Avon, at Lewes ['lu:is], at Sorrento [so'rentou], at Sinaia. § 223 Corespondenfa timpurilor. Prin corespondenta timpurilor se infelege con- cordanta dintre timpurile folosite in propozitia principala i cele folosite in propo- zitia subordonata (de cele mai multe ori o completiva directa). ‘Astfel, dac& tn propozitia principala verbul este la un timp prezent, tn pro- pozitia subordonata se foloseste timpul cerut de sens, ca gi in limba romana. Daca tns& in propozitia principal verbul este la un timp trecut (Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous sau Past Perfect) verbul din propozitia subordo- nat& trebuie si fie tot la un timp trecut, gi anume: 249a) Dac& achiunea din propozitia subordonata este simultand cu cea din pro- pozitia principal&, in propozitia subordonat& verbul se pune la Simple Past Tense sau Simple Past Continuous. Exemple: You asked me whether I spoke English — m-afi tntrebat dack vorbesc englezeste. ‘She sald she was reading a newspaper =a spus c& citegte un ziar. b) Dac actiunea din propozitia subordonata este anterioaré actiunii din pro- pozitia principald, verbul din propozifia subordonat& se folosogte la Past Perfect (mai-mult-ca-perfect). Exemple: You asked me whether I had seen the new film — m-afi tntrebat daci am vizut filmul cel nou She sald we had been learning English for seven months (Past Perfect Continuous) —a spus c& invitam engleza de gapte luni. c) Dac& actiunea din propozitia subordonata este posterioard celei din pro- pozitia principal&, predicatul propozitiei subordonate trebuie s& fie la timpul Future- in-the- Past (viitorul-in-trecut) care este identic ca form& cu condifionalul prezent. (v. § 195). Exemple: He sald he would go to Brapoo for the week-end — a.spus c& se va duce la Bragov pentru a-si petrece acolo sftrgitul siptimtnii He knew his wife would be very happy to go to some of the concerts. — stia c& sofia sa va fi foarte fericita s% poatd s% meargi la ctteva din concerte, Future-in-the-Past I should go (= m& voi duce) We should go You would go You would go He/she would go They would go EXERCITII 4) Citifi urmdtoarele tabele, notind cu atentie corespondenja timpurilor: ening Russian, Margaret [emttltt ‘emote! allan, but of thought hi has been to Bucharest twle kno: aka cid ne had soshe "knew ” 250) Patricia become a doctor if he works worked | 2) Punefi verbele din paranteze la timpurile cerute de sens: He said he... to the radio (to listen). They said they ... English (to learn). He asked me whether I... French (to speak). They asked us if we... the new Romanian film (to see). They said they «English for six months (to learn). He said he... to Snagov for the week-end (to 0). He said he... tickets for the Enescu Festival (to buy). She said she... music very much. (to like). They knew she ... happy to go to the concert (to be). He hold her he...his week-end at Snagov (to spend). 3) Trecefi verbele din propozitiile principale la Simple Past Tense si facefi toate celelalte modificdri necesare: He knows she likes music very much. He knows he is going to spend a lot of money to buy tickets for the Enescu Festival. They say they will come in time, He knows that she is buying three tickets for the concert. He says he very much likes to learn English. I know {that\ he saw a very good picture. Do you know she will come on Friday? I don’t know if she isin Bucharest. 4) Completafi spafiile libere cu prepozitiile necesare: You always like difficult things... life. I'l go... Bragov ... the week-end. He knew his wife would be very happy to go to some... the concerts and would also like to take their pa- rents... them, So he was going 10 spend a lot... money because... the Festival but he didnt mind it, She said she had been learning English ... seven months. Have you seen the new film ... the Modern? 5) Trecefi urmatoarele propozitii la forma interogativd: He thinks we may try a more difficult exercise today. She was reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every day. They are spesking English. He speaks English during his lesson. They saw the new picture at the Modern. He will go to Brasov for the week-end. He told you he had seen her. They knew their frends would come in time. 6) Trecefi propozitiile de mai sus la forma negatiod. 7) Traducefi tn limba englezd scrisoarea Lizei cdtre prietena ei Diana: Bucuresti, 20 august, 1970 Dragé Diana, Ifi scriu ca si pun c& nu m-am simfit prea bine séptimtna trecut&, aga ci nu m-am Putut duce Ja agenjia de bilete ca af vid dacd au incoput si (e) vind bilete pentru F valul Enescu. Teri dup4-masi mi-a telefonat Eva ca si-mi spund c& so va duce ea la agentie. ‘Tu ce mai faci? N-am mai primit vegti de la tine de ctnd af plecat la Sibiu. Victor si George mi-au facut jeri o vizitd, Spuneau of nici ei nu au vreo veste de la tine. Mi-au spus ci Paul pleacd si el sAptimtna viitoare la Sibiu, aga c& e posibil si-1 tnttinesti tn acest vechi gi frumos orag ardelenesc (Transylvanian [trensil'veinjen]). Scrie-mi de tndat& ce (as soon as [ox ‘su:n az}) primegti scrisoarea mea. Cu dragoste, LisaLectia 44 VOCABULAR actress [‘aktris) s. actrita letter [leta] s. scrisoare to add [tu'ed] ¢. a adiuga marriage ['marids] ». cisttorie admiration [z@dmo'reifon] s. admiratie mother ['mado] s. mami being ['bi:ip] s. fiinta pie fibeiel & che, inteligenta playwright [‘pleirait] s. dramaturg to propose [ta pro'pouz] ». a propune cently Ci Laake reaction [ri:‘kjon] s. reactie earth (2:6) s. pamtat to receive [ta ri'si:v] v. a primi to express [tu lksipres] o, a exprima remark [ri'ma:k] s. observagie famous ['feimas] adj. celebru somewhere ['samwea] ade. undeva film star ['film 'sta:] s. vedets de splendid [splendid] adj. splendid cinema Hotlgneed [holiwud] star [sta:] s. stea, vedet& f unfortunate (an'fo:t{nit] adj. nenorocos human [‘hju:mon] adj. uman humorous [‘hju:maras} adj. umoristic ghinionist, nenorocit ‘i to imagine [tu imadgin] 9. a imagina well known [wel 'naun] adj. bine cunoscut to inherit [tu in‘herit] 6. a mogteni wit [wit] s. om de spirit, EXPRESII to be more exact — pentru a fi mai to propose (marriage) to (a girl) — a exact core (o fata) in eésttorie, ai cere be mina to be sorry — a regreta to make the remark — a face observatia all over the world — in toaté lumea on earth — (de) pe pamint GEORGE BERNARD SHAW AND THE HOLLYWOOD FILM STAR Paul: Ladies and gentlemen, I should like to tell you today a humorous story about George Bernard Shaw. Alexandra: Why don’t you add: the famous playwright who lived for nearly a century, or to be more exact between 1856 and 1950; just to say a few more words about him in English? Paul: You're right. I’m sorry I didn’t think of it. Well now, after Bernard Shaw had become well known all over the world, one day he received from a very beau- tiful and famous Hollywood actress a letter in which she expressed her admira- tion for him and his work and proposed marriage to him. The star asked him to imagine what a splendid child they could have, with her body and his brain. George Bernard Shaw, who was not only a great playwright but also a great wit, wrote her a very brief letter in which he made the remark that the child could as well inherit his body and its mother’s brain, which would make it the most unfortu- nate human being on earth. Liza: I heard this story somewhere before, I’m sure. Dan: I'm also sure I read it in a magazine before. Maria: But I’m sure you've never heard or read it in English before and so you've learned something new and useful again. 252A THOUGHT Read the best books first, or you may not have a chance to read them at all H.D. Thoreau EXPLICATIL LEXICALE § 224 All over the world. Expresia all over the world are acelagi infeles ou expresia throughout the world — in toat& lumea, pretutindeni in lume. EXPLICATIT GRAMATICALE § 225 Actress. Unele substantive (ca actor, author, poet etc.) fac femininul prin addugarea la forma de masculin a sufixului -ess. In cazul substantivului actor a c&zut vocala o. Comparati: actor — actress. § 226 Child. Substantivul child, cind nu se precizeaza sexul, este de genul neutru, fiind inlocuit prin pronumele personal it. EXERCITII 1) Raspundeti la urmdtoarele intrebari: Who was George Bernard Shaw? When did he live? What did G.B. Shaw receive one day? What did the famous film star propose to the famous playwright? How did she try to convince G.B. Shaw to marry her? What was G.B. Shaws’s reply? What was, in your opinion, the reac- tion of the film star to G.B. Shaw's letter? Have you heard or read this humorous story before? 2) Completati urmatoarele propozifii cu articolul hotérit sau nehotdrit, dupa cum cere sensul: : I should like to tell you .. humorous story about G:B. Shaw. G.B. Shaw was .. famous English playwright. After he had become well known all over... world, one day he received ... letter from ... very beautiful and famous actress. In... letter, she asked’ him to imagine what ... splendid child they could have. G.B. Shaw wrote... brief letter to... actress. In... letter he made ... remark that... child could inherit his body and her brain. I read this story in... magazine before. 3) Folosifi verbele din paranteze la forma corecta ceruta de text: G.B, Shaw ... from 1856 to 1950 (to live). After G.B. Shaw ... well known all over the world, he... letter one day from a famous actress (to become, to receive). She... him to imagine what a splendid child they ... have together (to ask, can). In his letter G.B. Shaw... the remark that the child... as weil inherit his body and ‘her brain (to make, can). I... sure 1... the story somewhere before (to be, to read). I... sure you never... it in English (to be, to read). 4) Povestiti teatul lectiei. 5) Traducefi in limba englezi: George Bernard Shaw, celebrul dramaturg englez care a trait aproape un secol, era si un mare om de spirit. Intr-o 2i, el primi din partea unei stele de la Hollywood o scrisoare prin care aceasta il cerea in cUstitorie. Ba li spunea si-si inchipuie ce copil superb ar putea avea impreund, daca acesta mostenea inteligenta lui si corpul ei. G.B. Shaw ii scrise o scurta scrisoare in care ficu observatia’ ci s-ar putea tot aga ‘de bine ca acesta si mosteneasc& corpul lui gi inteligenfa ei, ceea ce l-ar face ‘el mai nefericit, copil de pe pamint. 253Lectia 45 VOCABULAR isjunctive [dis'dsanktiv] adj. disjunctiv teat [si:t] », loo fone rhe foe Ceo ich someone Usammaa] pron. nehot. cineva plenty. [‘plenti img abundenga; S777 L'sorl) adj. intristat, necalit tram [‘trem) «. tramvai , mult, multe sae footy” djs neslagt’ ‘Tooeeg asctag, 0 worry [tu war] o. a 80 friimtnta, a ae tn- le : rome ce Brijora, a se necdji EXPRESII matter of fact [oz o ‘meter ov ‘fekt] — uate mind [‘neve ‘maind] — nu face ni- cot iH ‘kewait ‘rait] — chiar aga e, art the exams — tn orice cas DISJUNCTIVE QUESTIONS Victor gets on a tram and sees his friend Peter sitting on a seat and reading some- thing. He goes to-him. Victor: Hello, Peter. How are you? Peter: Hello, Victor. Very well thank you, and how are you? Victor: Very well, thanks. I say Peter, I think you're reading an English book, aren’t you? Peter: Yes, I am. Victor: It’s a grammar book, isn’t it? Peter:. No, it isn’t. It’s a conversation book. Victor: You bought it quite recently, didn’t you? Peter: As a matter of fact, I only bought it today. Victor: Oh, then you got it from the bookshop next to the Scala, didn’t you? They usually have a lot of new books, haven't they? Peter: Quite right. I think you'll buy it too, won't you? Victor: Well, I’m very sorry but I can’t go to the bookshop now. I’m too busy this morning. Peter; But you can go there this afternoon, can’t you? Victor: I'm afraid I can’t, so I will have to find someone to go and buy it for me, won't I? Peter: Well, 1 think you needn’t worry. They had plenty of copies this morning, 80 you'll certainly find one tomorrow. I’m sorry I can’t go and buy a copy for you too today because I’m also very busy all day. Victor: Never mind. Thank you all the same. You must get off here, mustn’t you? Peter: Yes, here’s where I get off. Good-bye. Victor: Good-bye, Peter. 254A THOUGHT The best way to make the children good is to make them happy. Oscar Wilde PROVERB Two heads are better than one. A RIDDLE A. Can you tell me the name of the greatest idealist philosopher? B. I can’t. [ai ‘ka:nt] I. Kant [ai ‘ka:nt) EXPLICATI. LEXICALE § 227 Seat. Cuvintul seat inseamni ,,loo“ (tntr-un vehioul pentru transportul tn comun, la teatru, cinematograf etc.) asupra cdruia cel care-l foloseste are un anumit drept (tn general bilet de cil&torie, de teatru etc.). Cuvintul place inseamni ,,loc in general. § 228 Hello. Cuvintul hello este o interjectio folositt ca salut familiar gila telefon. Alte ortografii gi pronunfri: hallo (ha'lou), hullo ['ha lou). EXPLICAJH. GRAMATICALE § 229 Seventeen. Dupa cum am vizut (v. § 145) numeralele tntre 13 gi 19 se formeaz& de la numeralele respective (3—9) prin ad&ugarea terminatiei teen. 18 thirteen ('60:'ti:n] 17 seventeen ['sevn'ti:n] 14 fourteen (fo: ti:n] 18 eighteen ['ei' 45 fifteen (itt 19 nineteen ['noin'ti:n] 16 sixteen [1 Cind stint rostite separat (ca gi cum am numira) aceste numerale au doud accente —unul pe prima gi celalalt pe a doua silaba. Cind stnt folosite ca atribute, aceste numerale au accent numai pe prima silabi, de exemplu fifteen books ['fiftizn ‘buks], sizteen pens ['sikstizn 'penz], Cind stat rostite izolat, ca réspuns la o intrebare, aceste numerale poarti accent pe ultima silab&. Exemplu: “How many books did you buy yesterday?” “I bought fourteen” [ai ‘bo:t fo:'ti:n) § 280 Intrebarile diajanetive sint scurte intrebiri atagate unor propozifii afir- mative sau negative. Intrebarea disjunctivd const& dintr-un pronume personal (corespunzitor subiectului din prima propozifie) gi din verbul auxiliar sau modal al sau, in cazul lipsei unor astfel de verbs, din verbul to do. 255Dac& propozitia este afirmativi, intrebarea este nogativa gi invers. Propozitia se rostegte cu intonatia coboritoare, iar tntreharea disjunctiva are de regula intonafia urcitoare. TAL This ‘is your \s ‘book, 7 'isn’t it? Intrebirile disjunctive se traduc in limba romana prin expresia ,nu-i aga? Trebuie s& ad&ugim ins& c& intrebarile disjunctive sint mult mai freovent folosite in limba englez& decit expresia corespunzitoare din limba roman&, Exemple: You're reading an English book, aren't you? It’s a grammar book, isn’t it? You bought it quite recently, didn’t you? You bought it from bookshop M. Sadoveanu, didn't you? You'll go and buy it, won't you? You can go there, can't you? You don't speak French, do you? He isn’t a student, is he? They can't come today, can they? I am a teacher, aren't 1? Nota. a. In intrebarile disjunctive negative se foloseste Intotdeauna forma contrast. b, Cind intrebarile disjunctive nu soliciti un raspuns — tn cazul cind vorbitorul are certi- tudinea afirmafiei sale — ele au tot un ton coboritor, ca si propozitia precedent. A ‘puppy ‘can’t\fly, ‘scan it? § 231 It’s a grammar book. It’s a conversation book. Substantivele grammar, conversation din aceste exemple stint atribute pe ling’ substantivul book gi se traduc: yearte de gramatica", ,carte de conversatie". Ele indeplinese funcfia unor adjective $i pot fi considerate substantive adjectivizate. § 282 Need este un alt verb modal defectiv care are aceleagi particularitati ca gi celelalte verbe modale (v. § 110). El are intelesul de ,,a fi necesar“. Verbul must exprima obligatia, necesitatea, interdictia. Cind dorim sa exprim&m absenta nece- sit&tii folosim forma needn’t, astfel incit la o intrebare ca Must I go there tomorrow? se poate raspunde afirmativ Yes, you must sau negativ No, you needn’t. N ot a Verbul need are uneori sensul de a avea nevoie* si atunci se comport& ca un verb obignuit (capita -s 1a persoana a Ill-a singular, face forma interogativa si negativa cu ajutorul auxiliarului to do etc). § 233 You'll certainly tind one tomorrow. Pronumele nehotarit one se foloseste pentra a evita repetarea unui substantiv menfionat anterior (in contextul nostru ook), de exemplu: This is a red pen and that is a blue one. 256EXERCITII 1) Completagi urmdtoarele tntrebari disjunctive: I think he is reading an English book, ... ? They have a lot of interesting books, .. ? They bought their dictionary from this bookshop, ...? You haven't seen him recently, ...? He's got some interesting magazines, ...? He can’t go there today, ...? They can find that book, ... ? She will find the book you need, ... ? This isn’t a very difficult lesson, ... ? 2) Trecefi propozifiile principale la forma negativd contrasd, trectnd tntrebdrile disjunctive la forma afirmatiod. You're reading an English book, aren't you? It's a grammar book, isn't it? You bought it quite recently, didn’t you? You bought it from the bookshop next to Scala, didn’t you? You'll go and buy it now, won’t you? You can go there this afternoon, can’t you? 3) Trecefi urmatoarele propositii la Simple Past Tense: ‘You're reading an English book, aren't you? It’s a grammar book, isn’t it? He buys her books, doesn’t he? She buys her books from the bookshop next to Scala, doesn’t she? She goes to buy the book, doesn’t she? You can go there, can’t you? 4) Trecefi propozigiile de mai sus (cu excepfia ultimei) la viitor forma contrasd. 5) Formafi propozifii cu ajutorul urmatoarelor tabele: a) a % teacher a x doctor I'm Seen ee > aren'el? a mechanic a & Journalist a \ typist cold i i isn't te? weather w toda; Ea a ' wis te? °) lane Is faster Cf evar d isn’t ie? A plane isn't slower ane a ship Nis tet 4) A ship is slower avar dL tsn'e it? A ship Isn't faster & x plane Mis Ie? ° There are aren't there? seven days In a week ‘There aren't more than ‘Ware there? 257: hasn't ie? ‘A week hasn't more than cere ee Greate? 8) A bird can : ia Aadeacare| | earannied hy) ™ a Zlan't it? = a waar, 7_wasn't ie? This Mary's % hour, Ziskt 7 was let mare hie % books, ——/ her % friends, |—_—ocaeee| John's % children, weren't » . an has 2 hasn't het Mr Brown had Z hadn't he? Mt iM London, He haan f large flat in % London, oo hadn't 7 had het L__- %) is 2 lan’t she? Mrs Green |__was \ Spanish, 2 wasn't she? she learning % Japanese, 2 Is shet I 7 was she? 2 haven't_they? hadn't they? for five yar since 1963, xhave they? Ahad they? The students learnedm) must 7 mustn't_she? mustn't 77 must she? can Z can't she! can't 7 can she! may x doit Z_mayn't she? [ae ae Le Tay not Z may she? Barbara | ann % buy It < — Brenda [et say It Zwon't she Joan won't 40 & there Z_will she? Joan could go % out Z_couldn't shet Norah couldn't stay a here Z could she? Grace nares stay In bed onanitahe® em live % there doesn't have to Z_ dows she? had to Z_ hadn't she! didn't have to Z_did shet LS ae tO Ee won't have to 7 will she? n) Andrew speaks 1” doesn’t he? 8 knows Fred coe 7 didn't het Norman —_— three foreign \ languages Gregory doesn't speak aera David doesn’t know —— Harold didn’t speak James didn't know cad nee 6) Traducefi in limba englezd: Aseara, cind m-am urcat in troleibuzul 84, l-am vazut pe amicul meu Stan. Stdtea pe scaun gi citea o carte. Cum (4s) nu-l mai véizusem de mult, m-am dus la el gi i-am spus ,,bun& seara“ S.a bucurat cind m-a vazut. Ne cunoastem de foarte mult timp. Am tnyatat tmpreun& engle- zeste la Universitatea cultural-stiinfificd. Am fost amtndoi in aceeagi grup&. Era cel mai bun cursant. Ti plicea foarte mult s& citeascé. Citea mult gi pretutindeni: tn autobuz, n tramvai, in tren. L-am intrebat ce carte citeste. Mi-a artat cartea. Era o carte de conversatie spaniola. L-am intrebat unde a gasit-o. Mi-a spus ci a cumpirat-o la libraria de Iing& cinematograful Scala. Mi-a mai spus ci mai are dou’ exemplare acasi aga cA poate si-mi dea mie unul. I-am mul- fumit foarte mult, i-am spus ,,la revedere“ si am coborit la prima (neat) statie. 7) Relatafi confinutul dialogurilor din textul lecfici.Lectia 46 VOCABULAR to admire [tu ad'maia] o. a admira person ['pa:sn] s. persoan’ advice [ad'vais] s. sfat reeeiver [ri'si:va] s. receptor to believe [ta billi:v] v. a crede bus-stop [‘bas-stop] s. stafie de autobuz dentist [dentist] s. dentist shape [feip] s. forma shop-window [‘fop'windou] s. vitrin& is ‘ail i dis State [steit] s. stat to dislike [ta dis‘laik] ». a-i displicea a exeited [ik'saitid] adj. emotionat, agitat taste [teist] s. gust Laura ['lo:ra] telephone ['telifeun] s. telefon ian [lai‘breorian] s. bibliotecar to telephone smb. [ta ‘telifoun ‘sambadi] v. a del ['modl] s. model telefona cuiva EXPRESII as follows [oz ‘folouz] — dup& cum urmeazi to have In mind — a avea in vedere; (tn text si) a se referi la A TELEPHONE CONVERSATION One evening Alexandra picks up the receiver and telephones Liza. After they say “hallo” to each other, the conversation starts as follows: Alexandra: 1 say, Liza, whom were you talking to yesterday afternoon at the Uni- versity bus-stop? Liza: Oh, I was talking to one of my cousins, Laura. You know her, don’t you? Aleaandra: Whose daughter is she? Isn’t she Mrs Moga’s? Liza: Yes, she is. But which of the Mrs Mogas do you have in mind? You know there are two: one is the dentist and the other one the librarian. Which of them are you thinking of? Alecandra: 1 am thinking of the one working in the Central State Library. Liza: Well, Laura is the other one’s daughter. Alecandra: I see. Well, what were you talking about? You looked so excited. Liza: We were talking about the shoes we had seen in the shop-windows in the bou- levard. I wanted to buy a new pair of shoes which I liked very much but Laura preferred another model. Alezandra: And which of you convinced the other? Liza: Laura was right. In fact, she is the only person whose advice I have always followed and whom I always admire for her good taste in shoes. Alecandra: By the way, you wanted to sell a pair of shoes once which were too small for you. Whom did’ you sell them to? Liza: Do you mean the shoes whose shape you disliked so much? Alezandra: Yes. Liza: Well, you won't believe it, but the person who bought them is Laura. PROVERB The best fish swim near the bottom. 260EXPIHICATI LEXICALE § 284 Advite. Substantivul advice are in limba englezi numai forma de singular. El are un sens colectiv, de aceea cind dorim s& exprim4m unul din elementele sale componente recurgem la cuvintul ajutitor piece. Exemple: He gave me a very sound plece of advice — el mi-a dat un sfat foarte bun. He refused to follow my advice — el nu a vrut si-mi urmeze sfaturile. § 285 The Mogas. Numele de familie se folosesc la plural cu terminatia -s, in vorbirea curenté, pentru a indica intreaga familie. Comparai cu numele romé- negti terminate ‘in -escu. EXPLICATIL GRAMATICALE § 286 Pronumele intorogative sint who [hu:] folosit pentru persoane, cu sensul de ,cine", what [wot] folosit pentru lucruri sau animale, cu sensul de ,ce“ (gi in cazul persoanelor, cind se referd la calitate sau profesiune v. § 42) gi which of{'witf ov] care are sens selectiv, care din“. Exemple: Which of you convinced the other one? What is he? He is an engineer. What can you see on the table? Who bought this new pair of shoes? Pronumele who se declind avind forme diferite la cazurile genitiv, dativ gi acu- zativ: Nom. who Gen. whose (hu:z] Dat. to whom [to ‘hu:m) ‘Acut. whom (hu:m) In limba vorbit& who se foloseste gi la Acuz. gi Dat. tn locul lui whom. Exemple: Whose daughter is she? To whom did you sell them? Who(m) did you meet yesterday? Nota. Whose se intrebuinjeaz atft pentru persoane cft si pentru lucruri, de exemplu: The shoes whose model you disliked so much... § 287 Pozitia prepozifiei. Aga cum s-a mai aratat, in engleza colocvial& prepozi fia se agaz& de obicei la sfirgitul propozitiilor interogative (v. § 204), de exemph Who(m) were you talking with? Who(m) did you sell them to? What are you talking about? § 288 Pronumele relative. Pronumele relative care introduc propozifii atributive sint who pentru persoane — care se declin& ca gi pronumele interogativ who, gi which pentru lucruri gi animale. Exemple: I wanted to buy a new pair of shoes which I liked very much. She is the only person whose advice I have always followed. ‘She is the only person whom I always admire. 261EXERCITII 4) Raspundepi la urmdtoarele tntrebdri: Whom did Alexandra telephone one evening ‘Whom had Liza been talking with at the University bus-stop? Whose cousin is Laura? ose daughter is she? Which of the two Mrs Mogas was Alexandra thinking of, the dentist or the librarian? What were the two cousins talking about? What did Liza want to buy? Whose advice had Liza always followed? Who bought the shoes whos ¢ Alexandra disliked so much? 2) Completafi spapiile libere cu articolul hotdrtt sau nehotdrtt My father has two brothers. One is ... dentist, ...other one... librarian, My uncle... has two sons. One is. engineer, and... other one is... teacher. My cousin, ...teacher teaches English at... Cultural-Scientitio University four times... week. He has been to... England three times so far and has read... lot of old interesting books in... big libraries there, 3) Completayi spafiile libere cu preposifiile necesare: Mr A. Whom were you talkin the University trolley-bus st ‘Mr B. 1 was talking... one... my students. We were talkin the shop-window... a big bookshop... Victoria Road. Mr A. What bookshop are you thinking...? There are two... them... Victoria Road. ‘Mr B. Oh, did I say Victoria Road? I was thinking... the Magheru Avenue. Mr A. There are three bookshops... the Magheru Avenue. ‘Mr B. Are there? Well, I’m afraid i don’t know exactly... which... them he had seen that dictionary we were talking... op? fctionary he had seen... 4) Traducei tn limba englezd: Duminica trecuta a fost foarte cald, asa ck am plecat cu familia [mea] gi cu nigte prieteni la Snagov. Ne-am sculat de dimineat&, am luat ceva de mincare (to eat) cu noi si am plecat de acasi pe la 8. Nu am luat nimic de biut (to drink) cu noi fiindc& (as) poi gisi intot- deauna bere rece clt& vrei [ifi place] la Snagov. Am luat un troleibuz pina la (as far as) Casa Scinteii si de acolo ne-am urcat tntr-un yutobuz care ne-a dus la Snagov. Autobuzul ¢ra foarte aglomerat gi era zipugeala (very stuffy ('stafi) tnduntru, dar cind am sesit la Snagov am uitat (de) toate gi eram cu tofit foarte fericifi. Acolo este un lac mare tn care am tnotat gi o padure unde e placut s& stai sub pomi si s& dormi putin. Seara ne-am intors la Bucuresti putin cam obosifi dar veseli (gay [gei]) gi fericifi.Lectia 47 VOCABULAR Achilles [o'kili:z] Ahile guinst o\gonst] prep. tmpotrive, tn contra to allow [tu o'lauj 9, a permite Amazon [emozon] #, amazoand tt iv] bray, curajos “out {to *brelk "aut}, broke ot brouk, re izbucni to ps up Ite ey ‘ap], bro ‘up ['bro:t brought up ['broit ap] ». a cregte to ‘4 ie [te " 5] 9. a atace ig ['desrin] adj. curajos, indrdzne} daughter ['do:ta] 2. flick to defeat [ta di'fi:t] o. a invinge to delight in [to dilait in]. a se bucura de, ai plicea to dwell [ta 'dwel] ». a locui flercely [fiosli] adv. cu furie, cu salbaticie to fight [ta ‘fait), fought [fo:t], fought [fo:t] ea lup fighting [‘faitip] ». lupts to bre ‘aut], broken out [‘brouken ‘aut! to F [te 'ge@Bo] 9. a eduna ([tha:di) adj.” indraz net helpful [helpful] aj. i hunting [‘hantig] «. vindtoare to hurt (to ‘ho:t), hurt (he:t), hurt (ho:t] o. a réni to i ¢. a ucide, a omort ind queer 5} race "(res),¢.-neam edi] adj. gata . mare to send away [to ‘send o'wel], sent away [‘sent o'wel], sent away [‘sent o'wel] o, a izgont sheet [fit] soul (soul) +. sufl foTstlke {ta° ‘stralk), struck (etrak], struck [strak] 0. a lovi gummety [samor) ¢, rezumat that [034] co Troy [troi] doin Trojan [‘troudsan] s, troian valiant {'veljont) adj. vitea, curajos war [wo:] #. rb warlike ['wo'laik] adj. réaboinic EXPRESII to have tea with — a lua ceaiul cu cineva at first — la inceput as soon as — de indat& ce ACHILLES AND THE QUEEN OF THE AMAZONS Victor: I’m going to read a story to you today; I'll read it twice. Then you'll write ‘a summary of it and I'll Scientific University. Sh papers we may fixe her. Eva: You know, noon. ke your summaries to our teacher at the Cultural- so nice and helpful that she is ready to correct any thought of asking her to come and have tea with us one after- All: A very good idea. It'll be a pleasure for all of us. Victor: Now, take a sheet of paper and a pen or pencil and listen to me. Ready, everybody? Good, ACHILLES AND THE QUEEN OF THE AMAZONS The Amazons were a warlike race of women who lived near the Black Sea. They never allowed an: away, and brow; man to dwell in their count up only their daughters, The; , and they even sent their own sons were strong and hardy in body, and brave and daring in soul, and they delighted in hunting and fighting. 263When the war of Troy broke out, the Queen of the Amazons gathered an army and marched to help the Trojans. Achilles, who was then the bravest man in the world, was fighting for the Greeks and against the Trojans. At first Achilles would not fight with women, but the Amazons charged the Greeks and defeated them, so that he had to appear. The Queen of the Amazons fell in love with Achilles as soon as she saw him, yet she struck him fiercely and hurt him, and he struck back and hurt her. Then, when he saw how young and lovely and valiant she was, he fell in love with her. But it was too late. He had killed her. A JOKE At the beach a little boy asks his mother: “Mummy, may I go into the sea for a swim?” “No, my dear boy, the sea is too deep.” “But dad is swimming.” “Yes, he is, but you see he is insured” beach [bi:tf] s. plajé deep [di:p] adj. adinc mummy [mami] s. mamic& Insured [in'Juod) adj. part. tree. asigurat. PROVERB Tf we can’t do as we would, we must do as we can. EXPLICATIT GRAMATICALE § 289 Achilles would not fight. In aceasti constructie would este verb modal exprimind voinja. Astfel, exemplul din text Achilles would not fight se traduce wAhile nu ¢oia s& lupte“. Alte exemple: I tried to open the door, but it would not open — am tncercat s& deschid usa, dar aceasta nu vru s& se deschida. Nota. tn legitura cu obiectele netnsufleite (v. exemplul de mai sus) structura would not exprima refuzul acestora de a-si tndeplini funcfia fireasc’. EXERCITIL 1) Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari: How many times did Victor read the story? Who will correct the students’ summaries? Who were the Amazons? Where did they live? What did they do with their sons? What did they like? When and why did the Queen of the Amazons gather an army? Who was the bravest man in the world at that time? Whom did he fight against? Who defeated the Greeks? ‘Whom did the Queen of the Amazons fall in love with? What happened to the Queen of the Amazons in the fight (= lupta)? 2) Completafi spafiile libere cu articolul hotdrit sau nehotdrit, unde este cazul: Iam going | to read... story to you. ...Amazons were... warlike race of... women who lived near... Sea. They were strong and hardy in ... body, and brave and daring in ...soul, and they delighted in’... hunting and... fighting. 264When... war of ... Troy broke out... Queen of... Amazons gathered ... army and marched . Trojans. Achilles who was then the bravest man in... world was fighting for ... Greeks and against... Trojans. At first... Achilles would not fight with women, but... Amazons charge Greeks and defeated them, so that he had to appear. 3) Completafi spafiile libere cu prepozitiile si adverbele necesare: The Amazons were a warlike race... women who lived... the Black Sea. They never al- lowed any man to dwell... their couniry and they even sent their own sons... and brought... only their daughters, ‘When the war... Troy broke... the Queen... the Amazons gathered an army and marched to help the Trojans. The Queen... the Amazons fell... love... Achilles as soon as she saw him. 4) Adaugafi tntrebdri disjunctive la urmédtoarele propozitii: The Amazons were a warlike race, ...? They lived near the Black Sea, ...? The Amazons helped the Trojans, ...? Achilles was the bravest man in the world, ...? He was fit ting for the Greeks, ..? Achilles would. not fight with women, ...? He had to fight, ...? The Gueen of the Amazons fell in love with Achilles, ...? It was too late, ...? He had killed her, ...? 5) Traducefi in limba englezd: Jara amazoanelor era locuit& (inhabited [in‘habitid]) numai de femei. Ele nu permiteau nici unui barbat s& stea in fara lor, iar fii lor plecau de acas& cind erau ine& copit i nu se mai intorceau niciodatd 1a mamele ‘si surorile lor. ‘Amazoanele erau foarte viteze si rduboinice si le placea foarte mult s& vineze si s& se tupte Ele fi tnvinseser& pe tofi [cei] care incercaser& s& le cucereasc& (to conquer ['kopka]) ara. fn timpul rézboiului troian amazoanele au venit tn ajutorul troienilor. tn lupti Ahile a omorft-o pe regina amazoanelor care voise si-l omoare, dar i-a pArut foarte rau finde (for) vizind-o cit era de tinird, de frumoas& si de viteazti's-a indrdgostit de ea. 6) Povestipi textul lecfici.Lectia 48 VOCABULAR above [o'bav] Peri deasupra LA look for Ite. ‘luk fe] ». a chuta to advise [tu ed'vaiz] o. 0 sfitui lot] shoe (og) uimire Maer, ‘medsisti] ¢. maicstate marshal ['ma:fol] ¢. maregal uring vmlu:to) adj, amurent, haxlu fade taptrat Moncey [mon ‘sei Napoleon [no'pouljon] to notice [to ‘noutis) v. @ observa ies a a. tia [te pe'mit] o. a permite ‘eijuseh ‘chow [tfouz], chosen ® Feoogutse (lo "Tekognala]’ oa recunoagte [itfousn) 9. a aley fo reply (to Hiplal) a réspunde ion (kompi'tifen] ¢, tntrecere tte abst} o. a replica Conan Doyle date tet ‘doit [sekrotri] 2. secretar creator ion | ‘ge:lok tle ithe eh Mout (kat) oa tila alre [stig] s. {formals de adresare) sire tsa vit tly] 7 ectiv slow [slau] adj. incet Liempere] s. mpAre to smile [ta “aoa ¢. a atmbi we [evs] saath cindva jor ['souldso] ». soldat tes] 2. tax (la tramoai, autobus etc); tore e tol eaten] oa pal {temen] 2. om de stat ra aritele] «. povestitor mat ea irou, cabinet de Iucru tee tal ‘cursel (ou taxiul etc.) irra a ad) ad ig tnalnte Ha ('sju:tkeis] s. valizd, geamantan Holmes teetbonk [tekatbuk) +, manual hotel tha tl] 7 notel ‘Washington ['wofigton: EXPRESII to be drawn by lot [to bl: ‘dro:n bai lot] — a fo play # (good) foke on — a juca o festa la in amazement — uluit above ‘hs reach oibay hiziri:t{] — prea sus what else? — ce altceva...? ca (el) 88 poaté ajunge (la) the story goes — se. spune what one “might call —'ceea ‘co s-ar putea If this doesn’t work — dack aceasta, n-are numi otect THREE FUNNY STORIES One day the students decided to turn their weekly talk into a competition. Three stu- dents were drawn by lot to tell three funny stories about some great historical figures. (The result of the competition is not given here as the readers of the teatbook are supposed to choose the best story-teller themselves. ) Here is Paul's story about Napoleon: One day Napoleon was looking for a book in his study and at last found it on a shelf, But it was, ,Bbove his reach as Napoleon was not exactly what one might call a “tall man.” One of the tallest men in his army, Marshal Moncey, stepped forward and said: “Permit me, sire, I am higher than Your Majesty.” 266The Emperor retorted angrily: “Marshal, you are not higher, but longer.” Maria: Let me tell you a story about Conan Doyle. ‘A French cabman once played a good joke on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the well- known author of detective stories, the famous creator of Sherlock Holmes. They arrived at a big hotel in Paris. When the cabman had received his fare he said: “Thank you, Mr Conan Doyle.” Conan Doyle asked: “How do you know my name? “Well, sir”, replied the cabman smiling, “it is easier than you think. Yesterday I read in the papers that you were coming from southern France. You have the most interesting English appearance I have ever seen in my life, I also noticed that your hair had been cut by a barber in the South of France.” “You are a better detective than myself,” said Conan Doyle in amazement. “Tell me, please, what else did you see that helped you to recognize me 80 easily?” “Well,” said the cabman “as a matter of fact there was one thing that helped me to realize that you were the most famous author of detective stories in the world. There was your name on your suitcase, sir.” Alezandra: 1 know a funny story about the famous soldier and statesman George Washington. The story goes that one day George Washington’s secretary arrived late for work. George Washington asked him why he was late. The secretary said that his watch was slow. “You must be more careful in the future,” said Washington. “I advise you to get another watch and if that doesn’t work, I'll get another secretary.” All: Thank you for the amusing stories. PROVERB Easier said than done. EXPLICATIL LEXICALE § 240 Tall, high. Adjectivul tall se folosegte otnd este vorba de persoane, de copaci, de coloane etc. Adjectivul high se folosegte in legatur& cu cladiri, munfi ete. § 241 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Cuvintul Sir [s0:] folosit inaintea unui nume pro- priu gi ortografiat cu majusculd indica titlul de cavaler sau baronet. Acelagi cuvint, folosit fér& a fi urmat de un nume propriu i soris cu liter& mic, (sir) este o forma politicoasa de adresare directé. Exemplu: There was your name on your suitcase, slr. EXPLICATII GRAMATICALE § 242 Might este treoutul verbului may gi se folosegte adesea cu sens modal expri- mind posibilitatea, incertitudinea oto. In acest oaz, el exprimé o condifie implicit& gi se traduce ,s-ar putea. 267EXERCITII 1) Raspundefi la urmdtoarele tntrebari: Whot did the students decide one day? Who are the thrge historical figures in the tunny stories? What was Napoleon doing one day? Why couldn't Napoleon reach the book on the shelf? Who wanted to help Napoleon to take down the book? What did Marshal Moncey say? What did the Emperor retort? Who was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? What is the name of the famous detective in Conan Doyle’s stories? Where did Conan Doyle arrive one day? Why was Conan Doyle astonished when the cabman said: “Thank you, Mr Conan Doyle"? How did the cabman know the name of the famous writer? Who was George Washington? What did the secretary say when he arrived late for work? What did George Washington answer? 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozifii la forma interogativd in asa fel inctt cuvintele sub- liniate sd poatd constitui rdspunsul: One day the students decided to turn their weekly talk into a competition. One day Napolean was looking for a book in his study. They arrived at a big hotel in Paris. Yesterday she read in the papers that he was coming. There was his name on his suitcase. He arrived late for work. 3) Folositi verbele din paranteze la formele corecte: One day Napoleon... a book in his study and he... it (to look for, can find). a tall man (not to be). When the cabman.... his fare, he... (to receive, to say I... in the papers that you... in Paris (to rea You... the most interesting Englis appearance I ever... in my life” (to have, to see). “What else... that... you to recognize me?” Uo see, to help). The story... that one déy George Washington's secreidry.. late for work (to go, to arrive] 4) Completati spaiile libere cu prepoziiile necesare: One day the students decided to turn their weekly talk ... a competition. The result... the competition is not given here. Here is Paul’s story... Napoleon. One day Napoleon was looking... a book... his study and... last he found it... a shelf. But it was... his reach. One day George Washington's secretary arrived late... work. You must be more careful... the future. Yesterday I read... the papers that you were coming... Paris. Your hair was cut... a barber... the South... France. 5) Completaji spafiile libere cu articolul hotdrit sau nehotérit: Let me tell you... story about Conan Doyle. ..French eabman once played... good joke on Sir Arthur Corian ‘Doyle, ... well-known author of... detective stories, ...famous creator of Sherlock Holmes. They arrived at... big hotel in... Paris. When... cabman had received hi fare he said: “Thank you, Mr Conan Doyle.” 6) Traduceti in limba englezd: Odata un birjar francez a jucat o fest cunoscutului scriitor Arthur Conan Doyle, creato- rul celebrului personaj Sherlock Holmes. Ajungind la un hotel din (in) Paris, scriitorul i-a plitit birjarului cursa. Birjarul i-a spus: ,Mulfumesc, d-le Conan Doyle. Uimit (much sur- prised [mat sa'praizd]), Conan Doyle I-a tntrebat pe birjar: ,,De unde gtii cum m& cheaml?* Birjarul i-a spus c& a citit in ziar cA scriitorul Conan Doyle a sosit la Paris gi a observat c& fusese tuns de un frizer din (in) sudul Franfei. Conan Doyle fi spuse birjarului c& este un detectiv mai bun decit el insusi. Zimbind, birjarul spuse ci numele de pe valiza scriitorului a’ ajutat si recunoase’ pe eel mai eelebru autor de romane polifiste din lume. 7) Povestiti cele 3 anecdote.Lectia 49 an armchair a fishing-rod a tooth teeth VOCABULAR anyhow [‘enihau) adv. tn orice caz air (9 ['a:mtfea] «. fotoliu faaky ‘laki] adj. norocos Bob, bob oly. hig dae din fovcire rate matter ['mete] s. problema brother ("brat ¢. brother-in-law ['braer in lo:] s. cumnat chocolate [NOLith + bomboonk Jo clovolat& fo close (t2 *klour] o. a (se) inchide led] adj. mort depend on [to di'pend ‘on] v. a depinde de aust ade, curind, devreme pescuil Hating fod (ito Tod] e. undifi fond of ("fond ev] adj. indrégostit. de, iubitor de grandfather [‘greonfa:b0] #. bunic grandmother ['grenmaa] s. bunicé maybe ['meibi:] ade. poate mleoe [ni:s] s. nepoath (de unchi) number (‘namba] ». numar Peter ['pi:ta) preference [‘prefarans] «, preferings present (‘preznt] s, dar, cadou sex [seks] 2. sox sister-in-law [‘sistorinlo:] s. attting-room ['sitigrum) «. on [san] . fi sweets [swi:ts) s, dulciuri tooth [tu:6], pl. teeth [ti:0] s. dinte twin [twin] s. geamin urgent [‘o:dsant] adj. urgent cumnaté amera de zi, salon 269EXPRESII Let's get started at ats get ‘sta:tid) s& tnce- who comes next? — cine vine Ja rind? cine 1 rumul ‘urmeazi? nobody out of a difloaty a ajuta to\be'very fond of (to ‘bi: ‘vorl ‘fond ov] — P Yast intro. tnourekturd fi tndr pasionat de arly ext woek — la tnceputul siptiminil Why not = de co si nu cumpert...? jitoare fo be amay "a fi Plocat (ain loealiate there’s very little time left at all—a mai the trouble ts that.. [90 ‘trabl tz Bat] — difi- rimas foarte puttn, timp cultatea © C8... partea pronsta @ ci... ‘There are only Spe Defocon — nn 1K happens that — vo inttmpla cf, din tnttm- imal stnt.deett Gout alle pend (le). a pe ol old age (o'ralp ‘ould ‘eids) — frumoasi to " one’s shopping — a-gi face cumparatu- to be sure — desigur, fari tndolala wr ice of you! — ce drigut din partea ta/ Tm awtully sorry — tmi pare extrem de réu d-tale! it's all right — ‘nu face nimio Thanks awfully! — mii de mulfumiri (fami- iar BUYING PRESENTS A large sitting-room in Eva's flat. Our friends are sitting in armchairs and on chairs. They are ready to start their weekly talk in English. Eva: Now then, since we're all present, let’s get started. ‘Adrian: Just a moment, please, Eva. Perhaps you could help me out of a difficulty first. Eva: Certainly, Adrian. What is it? ‘Adrian: You see, three people in my family will have birthdays early next week, and I can’t think what presents to give them. The matter is urgent, as there isn’t much time left till then. In fact, there’s very little time left at all, as there are only two days to go before the end of the week. And on Sunday all shops are closed. Paul: Hm. That’s quite a problem. Of course, it all depends on their sex, age and preferences. Eva: Now let’s be methodical. Who are they all, Adrian? Adrian; First on the list is Grandmother. She likes sweets, but she hasn’t many teeth left as she is very old. Alezandra: How old is she? Adrian: She’s almost ninety. Alexandra: A ripe old age. ‘Give her a large box of chocolates if she likes sweets. There are a large number of chocolates in a large box, you know. Adrian; How many chocolates are there in such a box? Alexandra: Well, I don’t know how many there are, but there are a large number, to be sure, The larger the box, the larger the number of chocolates. Adrian: All right, Grandmother shall have the largest box of chocolates there is. Now second on the list Victor (interrupting him, ‘Your grandfather. ee Grandfather's dead. He died five years ago, you know. Oh, I'm awfully sorry. I didn't know that. Ain It’s all right, Well, next on the list is my little niece. She will be five next esday. Diana; You have a niece? I thought your sister had a son, not a daughter. Adrian: Oh no, my sister has a ail, but my brother has a boy — that’s my nephew 270Diana: Well, you must buy your little niece a nice toy, as she is only a child. ‘Adrian: Yes, but what toy? Diana: Er... has she many dolls or few? If she has few dolls, you can buy her one, but if she already has a lot of dolls, you must think of something else. Adrian: 1 think I’ll give her a doll anyhow. The more dolls a little girl has, the more she wants, and the fewer she has the more she needs. Diana; Maybe you are right. Who comes next? Adrian: Third and last on the list is my wife's brother. Paul: You mean your brother-in-law. Adrian: Yes, my brother-in-law. He is very fond of fishing. Paul: Then why not buy him a fishing-rod? Adrian: Well, he already has a few good fishing-rods. Three or even four, I think. That is quite enough, don’t you think so? Paul: No, 1 don’t think so. I know somebody who's got as many as ten and he always complains that he hasn't enough fishing-rods. Adrian: Then my brother-in-law shall have a new fishing-rod. Eva: And how is your sister-in-law? Adrian: You mean my brother's wife? She's all right, thank you. Her birthday was last month, together with that of my twin cousins, Bob and Lilly. Luckily, I was away at the time. The trouble, you see, is that I have alot of work to do at present, so I have little time to buy all those presents. Eva: Well, you're lucky. It happens that I have little work to do at the moment, so I have a little time and I can help you a little with your shopping. Adrian: Oh, how nice of you. Thanks awfully! A JOKE Mary: “You are superstitious, Helen aren't you? Tell me, please, is it such a bad luck to meet a black cat on your way?” Helen: “To tell you the truth, that depends on whether you are a man or a istifes] adj. superstitios to depend [divpend] v. a depinde. ghinion EXPLICATII LEXICALE § 248 Sitting-room este o camera in care se sti ziua gi tn care aint primiti de obicei musafirii, spre deosebire de bedroom (dormitor) gi dining-room (sufragerie). § 244 Our friends are sitting in armchairs and on chairs. Retineti folosirea pre- pozitiei in ou cuvintul armchair gi a prepozitiei on cu cuvintul chair. (Comparati ou limba romand — a sta fn fotoliu, a sta pe scaun). § 245 Three people in my family. In acest context ouvintul people are sensul de »membri ai familiei, Alte exemple: How are all your people? — ce-ti face familia? ce fac cei de-acasd? There were fifty people in all — in total erau cincizeci de persoane. Atentie! Se spune tnsi 271There was only one person (there) — nu era decit o persoand (acolo). Trebuie facut distinctia agadar intre: @ person sau one person — 0 persoand @ people — un popor two people sau two persons — doi oameni, dou persoane two peoples — dou& popoare @ lot of people — multi lume, mulfi oameni, multe persoane. § 246 Many — much. (A) few — (a) little. Adjectivul nehotartt many se foloseste numai cu substantive ,numarabile“, adic& cele care pot fi precedate de numerale cardinale (books, schoolbags, etc.) iar adjectivul nehotarlt muck, cu substantivele »nenumirabile“, adicd cele care nu pot fi precedate de un numeral cardinal (nofiuni abstracte percepute ca unice, nume de materie etc.: idea, time, gold ). De regula, many se foloseste in propozifii interogative gi negative, fiind tnlocuit in propozifiile ‘afirmative printr-o constructie echivalenta, cum este de exemplu a lot of. Exemple: There are a lot of books in his library? Are there many books in his library? There aren’t many books in his library. Opusul lui many este few (pufini) care poate fi folosit precedat sau nu de articolul nehotarit. Cind few este precedat de articolul nehotarit se accentueaz& intelesul pozitiv al constructiei, in timp ce few neprecedat de articol accentueaza tntelesul ne- gativ al acesteia, astfel incit cele doud forme (+) a few si (—) few pot fi considerate ca antonime din punct de vedere al intelesului. Exemple: If she has few dolls, you ean buy her one. ( He already has a few good fishing-rods, so you needn't buy him one. (4) Astfel intelesul primei propozitii este negativ (—), ceea ce in limba romana se poate reda prin intonatie gi accentuare (,,dac& ea are pufine papugi, poti s-i cumperi una‘), iar infelesul celei de-a doua propozitii este pozitiv (+), ceea ce in limba romana se poate reda de asemenea prin accentuare (,,el are citeva undite bune*). Opusul lui much este little care se poate, de asemenea, folosi precedat de articol nehotarit (cu inteles pozitiv) sau neprecedat de articol nehotarit (cu inteles negativ), de exemplu (comparind cele 2 propozitii din textele lectiei): I have little time to buy all those presents. (ad I have a Uttle time and I can help you. (+) In limba romana deosebirea reiese aici foarte clar din intonatie si accentuare: Am putin timp si cumpar toate aceste cadouri. ‘Am putin/ceva tne $i pot s& te ajut. ee § 247 Large — big. Deosebirea dintre cele doud adjective large gi big este urma- toarea: large se referd, in general, la suprafafa, in timp ce big se referd, in general, la volum. § 248 In-law. Nofiunea de rudé colaterala (cumnat, socru etc.) se exprima in limba englez& cu ajutorul constructiei in-law ,dup& lege“. Astfel: 272brother-in-law = — cumnat sister-in-law — — cumnat& father-in-law = — socru mother-in-law — soacré son-in-law ——-— ginere daughter-in-law — nork § 249 Tooth — teeth. Substantivul tooth are pluralul neregulat teeth. EXP! {OAT GitAMATICALE § 250 Grandmother shall have the largest box of chocolates. Dup& cum vedem, tn acest context auxiliarul shall este folosit la persoana a IIl-a singular tn locul auxiliarului will. Folosirea auxiliarului shall in loc de ill la persoana a Il-a gi a Ill-a singular gi plural adaugé viitorului o puternic& nuant& modal& care exprim& promisiunea, ameninfarea etc. Exemplu: Then my brother-in-law shall have a new fishing-rod. Ne amintim cd folosirea auxiliarului will la persoana I singular gi plural in loc de shall exprim& hot&rtrea vorbitorului de a face ceva. § 251 Construcfii cu dous comparative. Constructiile de felul: the larger the box, the larger the number of chocolates ; the more dolls a little girl has, the more she wants constituite din dowd comparative se traduc in limba romang prin ,cu eft... cu atit": cu cit este mai mare cutia, cu atit este mai mare numérul de bomboane, cu cit o fetit&i are mai multe p&pugi, cu atit vrea mai multe. § 252 Omiterea articolului cu FATHER, MOTHER, GRANDFATHER, GRANDMOTHER. Copiii ofnd vorbesc despre propriii lor p&rinfi gi bunici, folo- sese aceste cuvinte fri articol. Cuvintele de mai sus se ortografiazd cu majusculd. EXERCITU 4) Raspundeti la urmétoarele tntrebari: Where were the students sitting? When is your birthday? What presents do you give your friends on. their birthdays? Ave the shops open on Sunday? How old is your brother? Does your grandmother live? How old is she? Do children like sweets? How many chocolates are there in a large box of chocolates? Do children like toys? What kind of toys does a boy/girl like? Did you play with dolls when you were a child? Are you fond of fishing? What is vour bby’ 2) Trecefi urmdtoarele propozifii la forma interogativd: They are ready to, start their weekly talk in English. You could help me out of a, dtf- culty. They will have birthdays next week. He is thinking what presents to give them. Therc are only two. days to go before the ond of the week. She is very ald. She likes sweets, Ho died a long time ago. Little Brenda likes dolls. He is very fond of fishing. 3) Trecefi propozitiile de mai sus la forma negativd contrasa. 4) Completagi cu prepozitiile necesare: Our friends are sitting... armchairs and... chairs. They are ready to start their weekly talk... English. The matter is urgent as there isn’t much time left... then... Sunday all shops are closed. ‘It depends... their age and preferences. First... the list is Grandmother. Luckily, [ was away ... the time. I have a lot of work to do... present. 2735) Completati cu articolul hotdrit sau nehotartt: Perhaps you could help me out of... difficulty... matter is urgent, and on... Sunday all shops are closed. First on... list is... Grandmother. Give her... large box of chocolates if she kos. sweets, How many chocolates are there in. box? more dolls. litle gil has ... more she wants and... fewer she has... more she needs. I have little work to do at... moment. 6) Facefi proposifii cu ajutorul urmdtoarelor tabele: » books. wow | friend ! few We You They a little tome Uietle b) T 1 ae ' a few books can | you | some. We] have |) co [Five | him tf |__| fee ae) cannot | ee They | [ they | can't | ° 1 a little time 1 \———| can dott War] hare | tometer eos ewer ete eines | nee | cannot see him They licele time they | ») Ci) fe] sheep ship fill fell sleep slip will well feel fill slipped slept meal mill cll) tell lead lid fe left wheel will Ud led ) [el [2] 4) [e) [a:] head had had hard sald sad hat heart men man cat are bed bad cap carp lend land bad bard letter latter II. Make sentences with the help of the following tables: 2) » you | speak to spoke to Did | he see | anybody there? a Feaaarae| oe there. she | find © | found ee °) 4) He atte Anybody | can Sho | oldnte we . ‘anybody there. Ney ead do this exercise. 'Perechi de cuvinte in care se schimb& numai ctte un sunet. 281IIT. Look at these sets of three sentences. Write the three sentences in one. Example: Eva has siz envelopes. They are white. They are on the table, Eva's aiz white envelopes are on the table. 1. Van has two dogs, They are black. They are in the yard. & The teacher has three dictionaries, They are large. They are in the bookcase. 8 Liza has two dresses. They are new. They're in the wardrobe. 4, The little girl has five apples. They are red. They are in the ‘bag. 8, Mrs. Smith has four children. They are young. They are playing in the garden. 6, Arthur has two cars. They are brown. They are in the garage. IV. Use to be going to instead of shall and will in the following sentences: 1. I shall finish my exercise at about six o'clock. @% Alexandra will make some tea very soon. 8 Victor will meet his sister at the station. 4 We shall see our brother's new house next woek. & What will happen next? @ That naughty little boy will fell into the water. % Our team is weak so we shall lose the match. 8 The plane will arrive at half past three. ‘V. Answer the following questions: 1, When and where did the ten friends meet again? 2. What did they do during the summer? 8. What are their hopes for this year? 4. What did George read uring his summer vaca- tion? 5. What did Dan do during summer? 6, Where did Victor go during his summer hol- idays? 7. What did Victor promise to do the following week? VI. Translate into English: Cel rece prieteni care inva limba englerd a Universitatea cultnral-stiinitic& au tnceput ai te tnttlneascé din nou acas& la Eva. In timpul verii au uitat mult din engleza : care o stiau, deoarece nu au citit c&rfi englezesti si n-au vorbit englezeste cu nimeni. Totugi, uni dintre ei au citit pufin englezeste, iar Victor a flicut o cal&torie in Anglia. Acolo a avut ocazia s& vorbeasck englezeste cu englezi. George spune c& e tncep&tor tn limba englez8, dar Eva crede eH fof au trecut. de mult etapa de tncepatori. Dan spune cA a lucrat tn timpul verit ca ghid Ja ONT. ar Liza spune cf a participat Ia, o excursie in strdinatate organizaté de O.N.T. Victor le ‘promite c& le va povesti despre c&litoria sa in Anglia. VII. Speak about your summer holidays. VIII. Write a composition on how you spent your summer holidays. The Houses of Parliament. LondonLesson 52 a coach an engine a loud-speaker VOCABULARY aeroplane [‘careplein] s. avion agent [‘eidgant] ». agent airport [‘eapo:t] s. aeroport announce [a‘nauns] . a anunta Brussels [‘brasolz] check [tfek] ». a controla coach [kout{] s. autocar customs [‘kastamz] s. vama decide [di'said) o. a hotarf, a decide declare [di'klea] . a declara doubt (daut] «. indoial& duty (juts. tax vamalé exclusively [iks'klu:sivii] ade, exclusiv flight (flait] . curst, zbor fly [flai), flew [flu:], flown (floun} ». a zbura follow ['folou] v. a urma head offices — sediu contral to go through — a trece prin on business — cu treburi for pleasure — de vldcere business people — oameni de afaceri inhabitant [in‘hebitant] s. locuitor Inspec [in spekt] ». a corceta, a examina Jet plane (‘dset'plein] s. avion cu reactie land [lend] 9. a ateriza, a debarca loud-speaker [‘Jaud'spi:ko] s. megafon nililion [‘miljon} num. card. milion passenger ['pasindsa] s. c&lator, pasager passport ['pa:spo:t] s. pagaport Population (‘popju ‘leifen} «. populatie stamp [stemp] v. a stampila taxi ['teksi] s. taxi trattio ['tretic] s. circulatie tube [tju:b] «. metro (la adincime) underground ['andograund] s. metrou (tn general) uniform ['ju:nifo:m] «. uniform’ PHRASES hearer bad round — tot anul, tn tot cursul anulul no doubt — f&ré indoial& to lose one’s way — a se ritici 283TRAVELLING TO LONDO Eva: Well, Victor, we're ready to listen to you. Victor: How shall I start? Eva: Just tell us everything about how you left home and all that followed. Victor: As it had been decided to go to London by air, I had to go to the airport. I left home very early and I went by trolley-bus to the head offices of the travel agents. There I got on a coach which took me to the airport, together with epuahe of other passengers. I could have taken a taxi but the coach was much cheaper. Paul: What did you do there first? Victor: I went through the customs. Then, after waiting for about twenty minutes 1 heard a loud-speaker announcing our flight and then I got on the plane. Of course, all the passengers first had to show their passports, which were inspected and stamped by a man in uniform. Paul: What kind-of aeroplane did you fly in? ieee We flew ina TAROM jet plane which took us to Brussels and then on to ondon. Eva; How long did it take from Bucharest to London? Victor: We took off at Otopeni airport at eight o'clock in the morning and we landed at London airport after about four hours. Paul: Now tell us something about what you did after you arrived at London airport. Victor: After we landed, we had our passports checked and stamped again. Then ‘we went through the English customs. I had nothing to declare, because I had nothing new with me, nothing which wasn’t exclusively for my own use, no spirits and very few cigarettes. So I didn’t have to pay duty on anything. Some passen- gers had to pay duty on certain things which they had brought to England. va: What did you do after you left the airport? Victor: The airport is very far from London, so all the passengers were taken into the town by special coaches. Then I took the Underground or tube, which took me near my hotel. Some other passengers went by taxi to their hotels. Paul: How is the traffic in London? Victor: Very heavy. But then you must remember that London has a population of over eight and a half million inhabitants. Most of these people go to their factories, offices, shops and other places of work. People who don’t work go to shops, places of entertainment, and their friends’ houses. At the same time a great number of English people come to London from all parts of the country both on business and for pleasure — not to say anything of the great number of tourists and business people from abroad who come to London all the year round. Paul: We can well imagine all these people travelling about London by the Under- ground, by bus or by car. No doubt you must have often lost your way in London. Victor: Yes, indeed. Now let’s stop here today and I'll continue next time. A THOUGHT A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to vead, Mark Twain 284WORD STUDY AND PATTERNS The Preposition BY (Prepozitia BY) plane, by jet (cu avionul), by boat (cu vaporul), by bus, by coach (cu autocarul), by a yy train, by tube sau by the Underground (cu metroul). Observafi lipsa articolului in aceste expresii, afar de ultima. GRAMMAR § 255 Accusative with the Participle (Acuzativul cu participiu) I heard a loud-speaker announcing — am auzit un megafon anuntind. Un numér de verbe ca: to hear, to see, to notice etc., indioind perceptii senzoriale, sint uneori urmate de un complement direct in acuzativ si un participiu prezent, pentru a exprima o acfiune in curs de desfagurare. him coming l saw her going with you. them walking § 256 Modal Verb + Perfect Infinitiv (Verb modal + infinitivul perfect) I could have taken a tazi — ag fi putut lua (si iau) un taxi. you must have often lost your way — desigur c& te-ai ratdcit adeseori (trebuie s& fi ratacit adeseori drumul). Infinitivul perfect se formeaza cu ajutorul infinitivului verbului to have gi parti- cipiul trecut al verbului de conjugat. Exemple: to have + had = to have had — a fi avut. to have + been = to have been — a fi fost. to have + taken = to have taken — a fi luat. Infinitivul perfect corespunde de cele mai multe ori unui conjunctiv in limba romana. Dupa verbele modale must, can, could, may, might ete., infinitivul perfect se foloseste faré particula to: must today. could have come yesterday. may last week. § 257 Direct and Indirect Speech (Vorbirea directa gi indirecta). Prin vorbire direct infelegem reproducerea intocmai a propozitiilor gi frazelor rostite de cineva in cadrul unui dialog. Textul lectiilor 51 gi 52 constituie exemple de vorbire directa. Reproducerea in forma de povestire a continutului celor spuse de cineva in cadrul unei conversafii constituie vorbirea indirectd. Vorbirea indirect este supusi regulilor corespondentei timpurilor (v. lectia 43: The Sequence of Tenses, § 223 si Rezumatul de gramaticd, p. 582) gi este foarte frecvent folosita in cadrul exercifiilor de povestire. 285In procesul de transformare a vorbirii directe In vorbire indirect& trebuie s& se find seama de urmitoarele reguli: Vorbirea indirect& incepe foarte adesea cu propozifii confinind verbele to say, to tell, to ask, to answer, to reply etc. 4. Dac& predicatul propozitiei principale, in vorbirea indirect’, este la timpul prezent sau la Present Perfect, in propozitiile secundare se pastreaza aceleagi timpuri din vorbirea directa. Exemple: Vorbire directa: Victor: I’m boasting. Vorbire indirectd: Victor says (that) he is boasting. Vorbire directt: Victor: I’ll continue next time. Vorbire indirectd: Victor eaye (that) he will continue the nezt time. Vorbire direct: Eva: I've read two abridged books. Vorbire indirect: Eva has said (that) she has read two abridged booke, Nota. Conjunctla that se omite tn vorbirea curenta. 2. Dacd ins verbul propozitiei principale, in vorbirea indirectd, este la un timp trecut, verbele din propozitiile secundare care urmeag& respect regulile corespon- dentei timpurilor gi tsi schimb& timpurile sau modul aga cum se arat& mai jo! a) Pentru exprimarea actiunii pentru care s-a folosit timpul prezent in propo- zitia din vorbirea direct&, se folosegte trecutul simplu. Exemple: Vorbire directa: Paul: How ts the traffic’ in London? Vorbire indirectd: Paul asked how the traffic in London was — Paul a intrebat cum e cir- culafia la Londra. b) Pentru exprimarea actiunii pentru care 8-a folosit prezentul continuu, se folo- segte trecutul continuu. Exemple: Vorbire direct: Victor: J’am boasting. Vorbire indirect: Victor said that he was boasting — Victor a spus cA se laudd. 0) Pentru exprimarea actiunii pentru care s-a folosit trecutul simplu in vorbirea directd, se foloseste mai-mult-ca-perfectul. Exemple: Vorbire directd: Victor: We stopped in Vienna. Vorbire indirect: Victor eaid (that) they had stopped in Vienna — Victor a spus cA s-au oprit le’ Viena. 4) Pentru exprimarea acfiunii pentru care s-a folosit timpul Present Perfect nedefinit sau continuu, se folosegte tot mai-mult-ca-perfectul (nedefinit sau con- tinuu). Exemple: Vorbire directa: George: I’ve read three books. Vorbire indirect: George said that he had read three books cari. Vorbire directd: Eva: Have you been reading much English during our summer vacation, George? Vorbire indirect: Eva asked George if he had heen reading much English during their sum- mer vacation — Eva I-a tntrebat pe George dack a citit mult englezegte tn timpul vacantei de vert. ¢) Pentru exprimarea actiunii pentru care s-a folosit viitorul in vorbirea directa, se folosegte modul conditional prezent. Exemple: Vorbire direct: Victor: I'll coatinue neat time. Vorbire indireotd: Victor said (that) he would continue the neat time — Victor a spus cl va continua data viltoare. George a spus c& a citit treiIn asemenea constructii modul conditional primegte denumirea de Future-in-the- Past (viitor in trecut), deoarece exprim& aceeagi nojiune de timp viitor ca gi pro- pozitia din vorbirea directa. Not& importanta. fn frazele din vorbirea indirecti de mai sus proporitiile secundare tsi pistreazd sensul lor inifial gi se tradue tn limba romAnd, dup& cum s-a vizut, cu timpul folosit in vorbirea directa. 3. Pronumele, adjectivele posesive gi adverbele de timp (gi unele de loc) sufer& transforméri in vorbire indirect, in functie de tnfeles — exact ca in limba roménd. Dam aici ctteva exemple: I devine he, she we devine they thie devine that theee devine those here devine there today devine that day yesterday devine the day before tomorrow devine the neat day ago devine before next day devine the neat day 4. In cazul cind fraza din vorbirea indirect& confine mai multe propozitii secundare, schimbarea timpurilor are loo in toate propozitiile. Exemple: Vorbire directa: Victor: I hope you don’t think J’m boasting. Vorbire indirectd: Victor said he hoped they did not think he was boasting. 5. Intrebarile din vorbirea directt sint introduse in vorbirea indirectt, de regul, cu ajutorul conjunctiei if: Vorbire directt: Diana: Did you speak English to anybody, Dan? Vorbire indirect: Diana asked Dan it he had spoken English to anybody. EXERCISES I. Read several times the following minimal pairs: ) [a] Bb) >) fa) [>] part pot pot, port heart hot spot sport card cod cod cord cast cost cock cork faster foster was wars sharp shop cot caught ow Cur] ® Bl {u] cod cockIl. Answer the following questions: 1, What did Victor do on the day when he was going to London? 2. What did he first do at the airport? 8. What did all the passengers do? 4. What took Victor to Brussels and then to London? &. How long did it take from Bucharest to London? 6. What did Victor do after he arrived at London airport? 7. What did some passengers have to pay? 8. How did Victor travel to his hotel? 9 What is the population of London? 10. How do people travel in London? III. Fill in the blanks with one of the following modal verbs: may, can, musts to have to, shall, in the appropriate tense: 1. It is very late and we are still at home; ... we take a taxi? 2 ... I smoke here? 8. I to take my umbrella because it had started to rain. 4, I think I ... work harder, if I want to learn English sooner. 6, He thinks he... run faster than I. 6, You ... try again if you like. 7... I do anything for you? 8. ... we ask them to come with us? 9. Victor... to wake up early yesterday in order to be at the airport in time. 10, He ... come tomorrow but I’m not sure. IV. Insert the correct possessive in the following sentences: 1. I think... house is smaller than... (1st sing., 2nd pl.) 2 She came to ... grandmother who lives in... district. (3rd sing. f., 1st pl.) 8. I think this tie is... (8rd sing. m.) 4, We took the map because we thought it was... (1st pl.) 6. ... car is smaller than... (2nd pl., 3rd pl.) 6. ... translation is better than... (3rd sing. m., tet sing.) V. Fill in the blanks with the Perfect Infinitive of the verbs in brackets and then translate the sentences: 1. My brother may... the book. (to buy) 2 You could... me. (to tell) 8. They must their, work. (to finish) 4. They couldn’t...such a mistake. (to make) 6. You must ... news. (to hear) 6. We may ... this young man before. (to meet) VI. Change into Indirect Speech: (Use such words as: asked, answered, said, continued) Eva: When did you leave home? Victor: 1 left home at 6 o’clock in the morning. Eva: What did you go to the airport by? Victor: 1 went by coach. Eva: When did the plane take off? Victor: It took off at 8 o'clock. Eva: How long did the flight to London last? Victor: It lasted 4 hours. VII. Translate into English: Intr-o dimineafa Victor a plecat la Londra. El s-a sculat foarte devreme gi s-a dus la aeroport. Acolo a trecut prin vama si si-a arftat pasaportul. A zburat la Londra cu un avion cu reactie. Un zbor de la Bucuresti la Londra dureaza patru ore. Dupa ce a aterizat pe aero- portul din Londra i s-a verificat si stampilat pasaportul si a trecut prin vam&. De la aeroport un autocar special I-a dus pin& aproape de hotelul sdu. Circulatia este foarte intens& la Lon- dra, deoarece orasul are opt milioane si jum&tate de locuitori. Lumea cdlatoreste cu metroul, cu autobuzul gi cu magina sau taxiul. VIII. Speak about Victor's journey to London. Then describe it in writing. 1X. Write from dictation the first 12—15 lines of the teat of the lesson. 288Lesson 53 VOCABULARY abbey [‘bi] s. manastire area ['caria] s. suprafafa; regiune bank [bepk] s. mal bascule (‘beeskju:l] s. parte basculanta (la poduri) boundary [‘baundori] s. limita, granita burn (bo:n}, burnt [bo:nt}, burnt [bo:nt] °. a arde bury [‘beri] 9, a inmorminta eathedral [ka'6i:dral] s. catedrald column ['kolom] s. coloand complete [kem'pli:t] 9. a termina, a com- pleta corner ['ko:na] s. colt, destroy [dis'troi] . a distruge dome (doum] s. dom easterly [‘i:stali] adj. rasdritean erect [i'rekt] v. a inalta fare [fea] s. cost al transportului, tax’ foot [fut], pl. feet [fi:t] s. picior (masurd de lungime; 1 picior = 30,5 cm) gallery [‘galori] s. galerie de arta get hold of ['get‘hould ov] ». a pune mina pe, a face rost de ground [graund] s. pamint height [hait] s. tnalfime imprisoned [im‘priznd] adj. tntemnitat inch [intf] s. fol, inci (= 2,5 cm.) incorporate [in'ko:parsit] ». a ncorpora, a include level [‘levl] s. nivel ine [lain] o. a strajui, a margini many-storeyed ['meni'sto:rid] adj. cladiri) cu multe etaje mediaeval [medi 'i:vI] adj. medieval memorial [mi'morial] adj. memorial memory ['memari] s. amintire, memorie mile [mail] s. mila monument [‘monjumant] s. monument opposite ['opazit] prep. peste drum, in fafa outside ['aut'said] prep. afara din Parliament [‘pa:lamont] s, Parlament poet ['pauit] s. poet present-day [‘preznt-dei] adj. actual, de astazi prison ['prizn] s. inchisoare residence ['rezidans] s. reseding& royal ['roial] adj. regal square [skwea].s. patrat tomb [tu:m] s. mormint tower [taua] e. a domina, a se indlfa deasupra ‘vessel ['vesl] s. vas, vapor walk [wo:k] I. s. mers. II. o. a merge within [wi'din] prep. in interiorul/cadrul (despre PROPER NAMES Nolson [‘nelsn] ‘Trafalgar [tra'falgo] St. Paul’s [snt'po:Iz] ‘Westminster ['westminsta] Thames [temz] PHRASES, everybody else — fiecare all right — foarte bine the City of London — centrul Londrei; teri- toriul fostei cetati medievale, azi cartierul comercial si financiar the Great Fire of London — focul care a distrus aproape complet vechiul City of London in the Houses of Parliament — clidirea Parla- mentului the House of Commons — Camera Comunelor the House of Lords — Camera Lorzilor to be so kind as to tell us — si fie asa de amabil si s ne spund IN LONDON Maria: You know, Victor, I’m sure everybody else here is just as eager as I am to hear you speaking about London. Diana: We certainly are; so go ahead, Victor. 289Victor: All right. Let me begin then. First I got hold of a map of London with all its important buildings and museums, and its underground and bus ines. Diana: Are the underground and bus fares expensive in London? Victor: They are rather. The longer the distance you travel, the higher the fare, Maria: What about the monuments you saw in London? Victor: I shall start with the City of London, in the very heart of the town. ‘The City is the area of the mediaeval City of London, one square mile in area, but within its boundaries there are also to be found some of the most famous buildings in London. At the eastern end of the City is Tower Bridge, the most easterly bridge across the river. The bridge has two bascules which can be raised to allow large vessels to pass. Maria: The Tower of London is near the bridge, isn’t it? Victor: Yes, that’s right; it's quite close to it. The Tower is a very ancient building which was started by William the Conqueror in the 44th century. For many hundreds of years it was a royal residence and also a prison where many famous men and women were imprisoned. Diana: Is St. Paul's Cathedral far from the Tower of London? Victor: Not very far. Fifteen minutes’ walk. You can see it from some distance towering above the many-storeyed buildings which line the river bank. Its dome is 365 feet high. Maria: When was the cathedral built? Victor: The old cathedral was burnt to the ground in the Great Fire of London which destroyed the greater part of the City of London in 1666. The present-day cathedral was completed in 1740. Diana: London’s second largest cathedral is Westminster Abbey, isn’t it? Victor: That’s right. I was just going to tell you that. It is opposite the Houses of Parliament, the building containing the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Maria: Westminster Abbey is very ancient, isn’t it? Victor: Yes, it was first built in the 13th century and, besides the tombs of many English kings, it also has the famous Poets’ Corner where almost all the great English poets are buried or have memorial monuments erected to their memory. Maria: Where are the Houses of Parliament? Victor: They are on the bank of the Thames, outside the old City of London as you go up the Thames, towards the west. The Houses of Parliament were completed a century ago and incorporate part of the mediaeval royal palace of Westminster. Diana: Where is the National Gallery? Victor: The National Gallery is in Trafalgar Square, through which I passed on my way to the Houses of Parliament. In the middle of Trafalgar Square is Nelson’s Column with Nelson’s statue on it. Its total height is 167 feet and 6 1/2 inches and it was calculated so that from the level of Nelson’s eyes one could see the sea. Eva: | think that’s enough about London for today. We shall ask Victor to be so kind as to tell us some more about it next time. 290GRAMMAR § 268 The Synthetic Genitive (Genitivul sintetic) Fifteen minutes’ walk — o distanj& de 15 minute. Genitivul sintetic, care se foloseste cu nume de fiinfe, se intilneste in mod exceptional gi in expresii care arath timpul sau distanfa: 4 week's holiday — 0 vacant& de o siptimint @ mile's distance —o distanj& de o mila. @ three days’ trip — 0 excursio de trei zile. § 259 The Comparison of Adjectives (Comparafia adjectivelor). as eager as I am — tot asa de ner&bdator ca mine. 4. Comparatia de egalitate se exprim& ou ajutorul conjunctiei as... as. 2. Comparafia intensiva: ‘The longer the distance you travel, the higher the fare — cu cit © mai lungé distanja pe care cAl&torifi, cu attt e mai ridicat costul transportului, Constructia folosind dou& adjective la gradul comparativ precedate de articolul hota&rit the corespunde constructiei romanegti cu cit... cu atit: The earlier you come the better — cu ctt vii mai devreme, cu attt mai bine. ‘The more, the merrier — cu cit mai mulfi, cu attt mai veseli (cu atit ne vom simji mai bine). § 260 The Indefinite Pronoun ONE. (Pronumele nedefinit ONE) ‘one could see the sea — se poate vedea marea. One se foloseste gi ca pronume nedefinit indeplinind funcfia de subiect in con- strucfii impersonale, in care caz corespunde adeseori pronumelor se, cineva din limba romana (cf. on din limba francez4). Exemple: If one wants a thing done well one must work hard — dac& cineva vrea ca un lucru s& fie bine facut trebuie s& munceasca serios. One must do one’s duty — trebuie s8-fi faci datoria. One never knows what will happen — nu se gtie niciodat& ce se va tntimpla. In limba vorbita constructiile impersonale cu one se inlocuiesc prin constructii cu pronume personale: we, you, they. Exemple: We aren’t allowed to touch the exhibits — nu e voie 8& atingem exponatele. (Restricie vala- bila pentru toaté lumea) ‘You must never cross the road when you see the red light — 88 nu traversati strada niciodatt... (Restrictie valabilé pentru toatd lumea) They are building a lot of new blocks of flats in our town — se construiesc 0 mulfime d § 261 The Passive Voice (Diateza pasiva). which was started by William the Conqueror — care a fost tnceputé de William Cuceritorul. where many famous men and women were imprisoned — unde au fost tnchisi multi barbati gi femei vesti Diateza pasiva se formeazi, ca gi in limba romAnf, cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to be gi participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat. Indicarea agentului care efectueazi actiunea se face cu ajutorul prepozitiei by (de c&tre), dar prepozitia gi indicarea agentului pot lipsi, ca gi in limba romana. 291TO be helped {a fi ajutat) Present Simple Past (Indicativ prezent) (Indicativ trecutul simplu) Iam 7 Iwas 7 you are you were he ] we ] she} ® | helped (by my brother) she | ¥@5 | helped (by my brother) we are we were you are you were they are _| they were _| EXERCISES I. Make up sentences with the help of the following tables: 4. a) tall lam. talkative you are. quiet she is. ae hard-working we are. serious you are. happy they are. b) longer shorter shorter longer The ee the | the nights. warmer warmer a interesting more The more musing thenovel | the readers It gets. xpensive Tess 2. a) fe can can't het will won't he? must speak English | __mustnrt he? He Et ee help you ee [—$——— 2 wait a little — had to hadn’e_he? could couldn't he? 292b) can't can he? won't will het ae speak English ar He [|__| wait for us — smoke here may het. hadn't to had he? Coolekes could he? 9 ¢ speaks English speak English He | smokes a lot doesn't he? He didn’e | like them did het likes our friends try again go to the seaside Il. Answer the following questions: 1, What was Victor going to speak about? 2. What did he first do in London? 8. How are the Underground and bus fares in London? 4. What is the City of London? 5. What can you tell us about Tower Bridge? 6 What can you tell us about the Tower of London? 7. What can you tell us about St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey? 8. Where are the Houses of-Parliament and when were they built? 9. Where is the National Gallery and what is in the middle of Trafalgar Square? III. Fill in the blanks with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, that): 1, William the Conqueror... you know from the history of England, did not live in the City ‘of London. 2, The ‘Tower of London ... was started by’ William the Conqueror, is on the river Thames. 8. ‘The Thames, across... there are many bridges, divides London’ into two. 4, Nelson, ... statue is in Traialgar Square, won the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. 8. That dome, towers above all the buildings around it, is the dome of St. Paul’s. 6. The Houses of Par- liament, in a corner of... is “Big Ben”, were built in the 19th century. 7. The Great Fire of London, ... destroyed the greater part of the City of London, was one of the greatest disasters in English history. IV. Translate into English: Prietenii lui Victor erau ner&bdatori si-1 aud& vorbind despre Londra. El le-a spus multe lucruri interesante si despre orag gi despre centrul su, numit ,,cetatea Londrei. Turnul Lon- drei este (agezat) in afara lui “City of London” si tot in afara ‘ei este (asezat) si Parlamentul. Riul Tamisa este foarte lat si adinc la Londra, iar portul Londrei este unul dintre cele mai mari din Anglia. Cetatea Londrei, care exista (i) pe timpul romanilor, a fost distrus& gi re- cladité de mai multe ori in trecutul indepartat. Astazi, ,,Cetatea este cartierul comercial gi financiar al Londrei. V. Speak about the important buildings of London. VI. Write @ composition on Victor's trip to England. VII. Translate into Romanian: a) An expert is one who knows more and more about less and less. b) The more we study, the more we know. The more we know, the more we forget. The more we forget, the less we know. The less we know, the less we forget. The less we forget, the more we know. So why study?Lesson 54 VOCABULARY iene’ tellog) pep. dose lunge Ibrary Paaies oH bibliotec& eee ete eee tmesiey [imassto} ¢ maosieu bank [bepk] s. banc carry [‘kari] ¢. a duce carry on ['keri’on) ». a continua clvilization (,sivilai zeifn] ». civilizatie claim [kleim] ¢. a pretinde continent ['kontinont] s. continent crossroads ['krosraudz] ¢. tncrucigare de dru- muri, réscruce Dutch [dat{] adj. olandex Dutchman [‘dat{men] ». olandez exhibit [ig'zibit] o. a expune foreigner [‘forine] s. stréin (dintr-o alt& far’) hold (howl), held hela], eld [hela]. a Vine: a confine, a cuprinde household [ ‘haushauld] adj. gospodaresc, casnic kind [kaind] «. fel PROPER Bloorabory [bn smsbert ['tfesrip'kros] it ['i:d3ipt] a ibsrousk {'geinzbare] oe _Liment end, ve mentiona tntérire nsumi object Coase? 2 obiect painter ['peinto] ». pictor Palntng pal ka icturd on [-pablkeifon] Publicatie Feoant (i oe di jot represent [.repri'zent] 9. a reprezenta restaurant. [ rests e. restaurant sound (saund] o. a suna straight [streit] edo. drept stranger [‘strvindso] +. oSehin {de loc) unealt, {aatrament frmng {ont oottards tn "Coo, cotiturds,tntoarere mhenover [wen'eve] adv. onietnd NAMES Mesopotamia [, mesope'teimja] Reynolds Treads} ‘Bomney ['romni] ‘Tottenham Road ['totnem'ko:t 'reud) Van Dyck [ven ‘daik] PHRASES ace of interest — locuri care prezinti interes jousehold goods — obiecte casnice to ask one’s way — a fntreba care e drumul straight on — drept tnainte the first turning to... — prima (strad&) la... Y’m sorry — tmi pare ru, ma scuzafi, VISITING LONDON Eoa: 1 say, Victor, you told us a lot of interesting things about London last time but’ I should like to hear a little more about its places of interest. Can you tell us, for instance, something about London’s museums today? Victor: All right, Pll begin with the National Gallery because I already men- tioned its name last time. The National Gallery is one of the greatest galleries in the world and in it there are exhibited the works of the most famous masters All the great world painters are repre- sented there. You can see a lot of works by Dutch, French, German, Italian, both of old and of more recent times. Spanish and English painters. Alezandra: Could you name some of the most important English painters whose paintings you saw there? 294