Partea a lll-a
ANUL III DE STUDIU
LECTIILE: 67-99Lesson 67
VOCABULARY
ability [o'biliti) s. capacitate
accurate ['sekjurit] adj. precis, exact, extrem
de corect
adopt (0'dopt] o. a adopta
aggressively [a'gresivii] adv. cu agresivitate
bed-sitting-room [‘bed-'sitiprum] s. cameré
combinata
bold [bould] adj. indriznet
capacity [Ke'pasiti] *. capacitate; (tn text)
calitate
challenge ['t/zlinds] I. s. provocare; sfidare.
Il. ¢. a provoca, a sfida
confidence [‘konfidans) s. Incredere
confirm [kon'fa:m] ¢. a confirma
counterpart [‘kauntapa:t] s. echivalent, cores-
pondent
courage [‘karids] s. curaj
coward [kauad] ¢. lag
fare [do}, dared [dead] 1. v. principal 1. a
indrizni (si), a avea ‘curajul/indrdzneala
(si). % a provoca, a sfida. IT. ¢. modal
defiantly [4i'faiontii] ado. cu sfidare
delighted [di laitid] adj. incintat
detached [di'tat{t] adj. detagat, degajat
dining-recess [‘dainiy ri'ses} s. nis6/desparti-
turd servind drept sufragerie
‘embarrass [im:baras] 9. a stinjeni, a incurca
expound [iks'paund] ¢. a expune, a prezenta
hostess (‘haustis] s. gazd’
impudence [‘impjudens] s. nerusinare, neobra-
mare
impudent [‘impjudont] adj. impertinent, neru-
sinat
nck [leek] s. lips’
Jexical [leksikal] adj. lexical
maliciously [mo'lifasli] ade. cu. malitiozitate
manifest ['manifest] adj. evident, cert, mani-
fest, vadit
mere [mia] adj. simplu
mock [mok] 9. agi bate joc de
morphological [,m9:fa'lodsikal] adj. morfologic
paint (peint] o. a zugravi
Precise [pri'sais] adj. precis, exact
pretend [pri'tend] ¢. a pretinde; (tn text si)
a se preface
quotation [kwou'teifon] s. citat
to quote [kwaut] ¢. a cita
resolutely [‘rezalu:tii] adv. cu hotarire
surely [fuali] adv. firi doar si poate
syntactical (sin'taktikol] adj. ‘sintactic
topie ['topik] s. subiect de conversafie, tema
de discutie
treat (tri:t] v. a trata; (in tect gi) a considera
unsure [‘an'fua] adj. ‘nesigur
‘yenture [‘ventfa] 0. a se aventura, a risca;
(in text si) a indrazni
woodwork ['wndwa:k] s. lemnarie
PHRASES
‘as usual — ca de obicei
the last but one — penultimul
T for one — eu unuljuna
honest! — ziu_asa! pe cuvint de onoare!
to put on en air of importance — a lua un aer
important, a face pe importantul
sorry to have kept you waiting — imi pare
rau cd y-am ficut s& asteptagi
in addition — in plus
just the same — (absolut) la fel, identic
unquote — am incheiat citatul
Pve a feeling (that)... — am impresia/senza-
fia/sentimentul c&..
to be recorded on tape — a fi inregistrat pe
band& (magnetica)
to play back the tape-recorder — a pune/a
asculta banda din nou
to make one’s contribution (to) — a-si aduce
contributia (la)
suppose you say something about... — ce-ar fi
4 spui (clte) ceva despre
that’s good guess! — ai ghicit (bine)!
to take offence — a se ofensa
under consideration — (aflat) in discutie
T daresay — dupa toate probabilitatile, dupa
clte se pare, dupa cit imi dau seama
THE MODAL (DEFECTIVE) VERBS
Dare
The six friends are all in the dining-recess of Eva’s flat, as the walls and. woodwork
in her bed-sitting-room are just being painted. As usual, Eva, in her capacity as hos-
tess, is the first to speak.
369Eva: The last but one modal verb on my list is dare. Now who dare speak about
this verb? (Maliciously.) Surely not Adrian!
Adrian (rather aggressively): Eva, do you dare me to speak about this verb?
Eva (defiantly): Yes, 1 do.
‘Adrian (resolutely): All right, I accept your challenge.
Liza (obviously surprised): Adrian, do you really dare to speak about it?
Adrian: Of course I do. You don’t think I have the courage to, eh?
Liza (embarrassed): Well, it’s a difficult verb, you know. J for one don’t dare to say
au about it. And I think Diana daren’t say a word about it, either. Dare you,
iana
Diana: No, I daren’t. That’s why I am very surprised myself at seeing Adrian so
rave.
Adrian (pretending to be offended): Hey, I say, are you mocking me, both of you?
How dare
Diana (simp! Wy: " No, we aren’t, honest!
Eoa (putting on an air of importance): Adrian, 1 dared you to speak about a diffi-
cult modal verb and you said you accepted my challenge. Now speak. I'm wait-
ing.
Adrian (in a detached manner): 0. K. Sorry to have kept you waiting. Well, dare
can be treated as a “full” verb, or as a “defective” verb. In both cases, it has the
same meaning, viz. to venture (to), to have the courage or impudence (to), to be brave
(or bold) enough (to) and it is only used in interrogative and negative sentences.
Eva: Er, yes. Er, of course, you could also speak of the “full” verb to dare and
of the modal (defective) verb dare, and say that there are no lexical and syntac-
tical differences between them. But, morphologically speaking, are the two verbs
just the same?
Adrian: Why, certainly not. As a “full” verb to dare is quite regular. It mak
Past tense and Past Participle (one form only) by adding -ed to the Infi
(e. g. to dare — dared — dared). In addition, it behaves like an ordinary verb,
it takes -s in the third person singular of the Present Indicative; it makes its inter-
rogative and negative with to do; and, lastly, it is followed by an Infinitive with to.
Eoa: I can see that you have adopted Liza's precise way of presenting things. Very
good. Now kindly give us a few examples.
Adrian: I shall quote Liza, if she doesn’t mind.
Liza (amused): On the contrary, I'll be delighted.
‘Adrian: A few minutes ago, Liza asked me (quote) “Do you really dare to speak
about it?” (unquote). I interpreted her words as meaning “Do you really have
the courage to speak about it?”
Eva: And that’s precisely what was meant.
Adrian: Yes, 1 know. And then Liza said, “J for one don’t dare to say a word about
it”, meaning that she wouldn’t venture to speak about a grammatical problem
which she felt she was unsure of.
Eva; Liza is always very modest, I might even say rather too modest. Very good,
Adrian, Thank you. Any other meaning of to dare that you may have noticed?
Paul?
Paul: The “full” verb to dare has a second meaning which its defective counterpart
dare has not. And this is to challenge. You remember that at the beginning of our
talk Adrian asked Liza if she dared him to speak about today’s topic, and added
that he accepted her challenge. And then, twenty seconds later, Eva confirmed
having challenged Adrian to speak about what she regarded as being a difficult
370