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Asked
Questions about
APTERR
ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve
APTERR
Enhancing the quick response
capacity of the ASEAN Plus Three
to disasters and other threats to food security
1
What is APTERR?
The ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) is a regional
cooperation scheme aimed at strengthening food security and reducing
17 Who provides resources for APTERR?
To enable APTERR to function, financial and other resources
poverty within the ASEAN Member States, the People’s Republic of China, (including stockpiled or earmarked rice as well as management
Japan, and the Republic of Korea. support) are sourced from cash and in-kind assistance provided by
2
member countries.
Why is there a need for APTERR? Other countries and donor organizations may provide donations for
APTERR directly addresses the immediate threats to food security in the stockpiled emergency rice reserves.
the ASEAN Plus Three:
18
Disasters, both natural and artificial, threaten food supplies at the
Who stores the APTERR stocks?
local level, and if sufficiently severe, even at the national level.
The earmarking country stores the earmarked stocks. Based on
Market volatility greatly amplifies the risks posed by calamities;
proven viability under the EAERR, the stockpiled rice is stored by a host
moreover, a severe price increase can itself trigger a food crisis,
country (a member of the ASEAN Plus Three), under contract with the
as experienced worldwide in 2008.
APTERR Secretariat. Currently, there is
APTERR
3
no provision for an APTERR warehouse.
What is the legal basis for APTERR? For earmarked stocks, storage
APTERR was established under an agreement signed by the Ministers responsibility is a permanent
of Agriculture and Forestry of the 13 member countries of the ASEAN Plus commitment of the member country. For
Three on 7 October 2011 in Jakarta, Indonesia. stockpiled rice, the host country remains
responsible until the end of the storage
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In 2003, the ASEAN Plus
Three Ministers of Agriculture and
Who distributes the stocks released by APTERR to end-users?
The ASEAN Plus Three The stocks released by APTERR are distributed by the national food
Forestry undertook a pilot project
security agency of the member country affected by an emergency.
ASEAN member countries called the East Asia Emergency
Tier 1 and Tier 2 releases would likely be used to augment the
1. Brunei Darussalam Rice Reserve (EAERR). The EAERR
national food security reserves of the affected country.
2. Cambodia established both earmarked and
Tier 3 releases are directly distributed to needy households by the
3. Indonesia stockpiled emergency rice reserves.
public food aid agency in the affected country. Distribution may also
4. Lao People’s Democratic Republic In the case of ASEAN countries,
5. Myanmar be done in partnership with international organizations (e.g., the World
earmarked stocks were mobilized
6. Malaysia Food Programme) and nongovernmental organizations.
from the AERR. The Plus Three
7. Philippines countries each made a new
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2 8. Singapore What is the current status of APTERR? 7
commitment for earmarking rice
9. Thailand Following its signing in October 2011, the APTERR Agreement
10. Viet Nam
reserves. Funding for the EAERR
was provided by Japan through the is awaiting entry into force. Preparations are under way among the
Plus Three countries Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction member countries to immediately commence the operations of APTERR
11. People’s Republic of China while in-kind support was extended once the agreement comes into force. This is to ensure the earliest
12. Japan possible protection against food emergencies that can affect the region
by Thailand, in cooperation with
13. Republic of Korea at any time.
other ASEAN Plus Three countries.
ADB
Importance of emergency rice reserves: Providing relief for a region most prone to natural disasters.
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Ketsana victims in the Philippines in 2009 (left).
How does Tier 3 work?
The release of rice reserves under Tier 3 is a donation of rice as
humanitarian assistance to a recipient country affected by calamity upon
their request in response to acute emergency. In special cases, rice The pilot project ended in 2010. By
distribution can be fast-tracked under automatic trigger. Moreover, rice then, the EAERR had distributed nearly
stocks may be also released for poverty alleviation and malnourishment 3,000 tons of stockpiled rice to disaster
eradication programs to address other humanitarian purposes. victims and poor households in Cambodia,
Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and the
15 Are there any limits to the amount of rice released by APTERR? Philippines. The EAERR also released
Releases from APTERR are authorized only in the event of an 10,000 tons of earmarked stocks from
emergency. Tier 1 releases are limited by the quantity of stocks stated Viet Nam to support the recovery of the
in the forward contract. Furthermore, the total releases by any APTERR Philippines from a devastating typhoon
member country over each 12-month cycle under Tier 1 and Tier 2 may in 2010.
APTERR
not exceed its respective earmarked stock commitment. However, a Based on the experience of the pilot project, the ASEAN Plus Three
member country must replenish its earmarked reserves back to its original countries decided to establish the emergency rice reserve scheme as a
commitment on an annual basis. Tier 2 and Tier 3 releases are limited by permanent mechanism.
the estimate of rice needed to address the emergency.
THE ORGANIZATION
5 What are the rice reserves under APTERR?
There are two types of rice reserves provided under APTERR:
Earmarked emergency rice reserves
Stockpiled emergency rice reserves
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medium term.
What situations qualify for a
13
release from APTERR? How does Tier 2 work?
APTERR releases are made in The release of rice reserves under Tier 2 is made available to an
cases of emergency. An emergency APTERR member country to meet an emergency requirement of rice
is defined as “the state or condition under other arrangements. This program provides for the release of
in which an APTERR member
country, due to extreme and Rapid response: Rice stacked in a Philippine APTERR
unexpected calamity, is unable to warehouse for distribution to victims of a APTERR’s Three Tier Programs
cope with the state or condition volcano eruption in Iloilo province in 2006,
funded by Japan through the EAERR.
through its national reserve and is
Anticipated Emergency
unable to procure the needed supply of rice through normal trade.” TIER 1 Forward Contract
Unanticipated Emergency
APTERR STOCKS
4
10 What kinds of emergencies will APTERR address?
APTERR will address rice shortfalls due to the following conditions:
Emergencies that threaten food availability at the national level.
Request
Trigger
Automatic
Humanitarian Aid
for Acute Emergency
Quick Response
Humanitarian Aid
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Acute emergencies that threaten accessibility of food for affected TIER 3 Trigger for Acute Emergency
households. Such emergencies may be localized, wherein a subset of STOCKPILED
Poverty
the population may require humanitarian food assistance, whether Alleviation
Other Humanitarian
Purposes
or not sufficient rice stocks are available at the national level.