13 - Chapter 5 PDF

Taxonomic and Ecological Studies 35
5. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

5.1. Taxonomy of the Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
The species observed in the soil associated with the roots of guava and litchi
are systematically listed below:
Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
Sub order Dorylaimina Pearse, 1936
Super family Dorylaimoidea de Man, 1876
Family Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876
Sub family Dorylaiminae de Man, 1876
Genus Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845
5.1.1. Dorylaimus geraerti Baqri and Jana, 1986
5.1.2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.
Sub family Laimydorinae Andrassy, 1969
Genus Laimydorus Andrassy, 1969
5.1.3. Laimydorus baldus Baqri and Jana, 1982
5.1.4. Laimydorus istvani sp. n.
Genus Mesodorylaimus Andrassy, 1959
5.1.5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius (Kerris, 1930) Andrassy, 1959
Sub family Thomenematinae Siddiqi, 1969
Genus Indodorylaimus Ali and Prabha, 1974
5.1.6. Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n.
5.1.7. Indodorylaimus baqrii sp. n.
Genus Coomansinemoides gen. n.
5.1.8 Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n.
Family Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965
Sub family Aporcelaiminae Heyns, 1965
Genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965
5.1.9. Aporcelaimellus amylovorus (Thome and Swanger, 1936) Heyns, 1965
5.1.10. Aporcelaimellus baqrii Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982
5.1.11. Aporcelaimellus chauhani Baqri and Khera, 1975
5.1.12. Aporcelaimellus coomansi Baqri and Khera, 1975
5.1.13. Aporcelaimellus indicus Baqri and Jairajpuri, 1968
5.1.14. Aporcelaimellus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Baqri and Khera, 1975
5.1.15. Aporcelaimellus tritici (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1986
Sub family Sectonematinae Siddiqi, 1969
Genus Sectonema Thome, 1930
5.1.16. Sectonemaprocta Jairajpuri and Baqri, 1966
Sub family Paraxonchiinae Dhanachand and Jairajpuri, 1981
Genus Paraxonchium Krall, 1958
5.1.17. Paraxonchium jairajpurii sp. n.
Family Qudsianematidae Jairajpuri, 1965
Sub family Discolaiminae Siddiqi, 1969
Genus Discolaimus Cobb, 1913
5.1.18. Discolaimus tenax Siddiqi, 1964
Genus Discolaimium Thome, 1939
5.1.19. Discolaimium mazhari Baqri and Jairajpuri, 1968
Super family Longidoroidea Thome, 1935
Family Xiphinematidae Dalmasso, 1969
Sub family Xiphinematinae Dalmasso, 1969
Genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913
5.1.20. Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913
5.1.;21. Xiphinema manasiae sp. n.
Super family Belondiroidea Thome, 1939
Family Belondiridae Thome, 1939
Sub family Belondirinae Thome, 1939
Genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920
Sub genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920
5.1.22. Axonchium (Axonchium) coomansi sp. n.
Super family Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934
Family Leptonchidae Thome, 1935
Sub family Tyleptinae Jairajpuri, 1964
Genus Tyleptus Thome, 1939
5.1.23. Tyleptusprojectus Thome, 1939
Family Mydonomidae Thome, 1964
Sub family Mydonominae Thome, 1964
Genus Dorylaimoid.es Thome and Swanger, 1936
Sub genus Dorylaimoides Thorne and Swanger, 1936
5.1.24. Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) parateres Siddiqi, 1964
5.1.25. Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) thornei sp. n.
Sub genus Longidorylaimoides Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1992
5.1.26. Dorylaimoides (Longidorylaimoides) parvus Thorne and Swanger, 1936
Sub order Nygolaimina Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1979
Super family Nygolaimoidea Thome, 1935
Family Nygolaimidae Thome, 1935
Sub family Nygolaiminae Thome, 1935
Genus Clavicaudoides Heyns, 1968
5.1.27. Clavicaudoides caudatus (Jairajpuri, 1964) Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982
Genus Aquatides Heyns, 1968
5.1.28. Aquatides heynsi sp. n.
Genus Laevides Heyns, 1968
5.1.29. Laevides laevis (Thome, 1939) Thome, 1974
Family Nygellidae Andrassy, 1958
Sub family Nygellinae Andrassy, 1958
Genus Nygellus Thome, 1939
5.1.30. Nygellus shamimi sp. n.
Family Aetholaimidae Jairajpuri, 1965
Sub family Aetholaiminae Jairajpuri, 1965
Genus Aetholaimus Williams, 1962
5.1.31. Aetholaimus indicus Jairajpuri, 1965
5.1.1. Dorylaimus geraerti Baqri and Jana, 1986

(Figure 1, A - E)
Number of females collected: 10
Number of males collected: 1
Measurements:
Females: L = 2.91 - 3.29mm; a = 29.92 - 41.48; b = 4.78 - 5.16; c = 9.9 -13.19; d = 4.6 -
8.4; V = 39.82 - 44.11%; Gi = 11.72 - 13.44%; G2 = 11.72 - 12.79%; odontostyle =
33.0 - 42.0pm; odontophore = 33.0 - 49.0pm; maximum body width = 71.0 -
122.5pm, length of pharynx = 563.5 - 686.0pm; body width at neck base = 71.0 —
120.0pm; body width at vulva = 71.0 - 122.5pm; expanded part of pharynx = 294.0 -
348.0pm; giandularium = 266.5 - 285.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end =
1249.5 -1401.4jam; anterior branch of gonad = 345.5 - 392.0pm; posterior branch of
gonad = 345.5 - 372.5pm; prerectum = 120.0 -160.0gim; rectum = 46.5 - 49.0p.rn; tail
length = 247.5 - 294.0pm; anal body diameter = 34.3 - 53.9p.m.
Male: L = 2.87mm; a =29.36; b = 4.27; c = 84.64; d = 0.64; T = 63.08%; odontostyle = 48.0pm;

odontophore = 54.0pm; maximum body width = 98.0pm, length of pharynx = 674.0pm;
body width at neck base = 98.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 348.0pm; tail length =
34.0pm; anal body diameter = 53.0pm; testis length = 1815.5pm; spicule length =
73.5pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 36.
Description:
Females: Body almost straight or slightly ventrally curved on fixation, tapering
gradually towards both extremities. Cuticle finely striated, marked with longitudinal
ridges. The thickness of cuticle 3.67 - 7.35 pm at mid body and 9.8 - 11.7 pm on tail.
Lip region almost continuous or slightly marked superficially by depression,
lips amalgamated with a height of 5.0 - 7.84pm and width 14.7 - 16.66pm or 1/4.83 -
1/6.32 of body width at pharyngeal base. Amphids stirrup-shaped, 6.0 - 8.0 pm from
anterior end.
Odontostyle 2.0 - 2.85 lip-region width long, 5-7 pm thick, aperture 13-18
pm or 39.39 - 42.85% of odontostyle length. Guiding ring double, 19.6 - 23.52pm
from anterior end. Odontophore about 0.85 - 1.0 time the odontostyle length. Nerve
ring at 157 - 181pm from anterior end. The length of expanded portion of Pharynx or
the cylindrus 49 - 50% of total phaiyngeal length. Giandularium 90.6 - 96.1% of the
cylindrus. Cardia tongue-shaped, conoid with rounded tip. The location of pharyngeal
gland nuclei:
D = 50.30 - 52.17%, ASj = 43.95%, AS2 = 51.28%, PSi = 66.17 - 78.75%,
PS2 = 71 -82.41%.
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vagina 24 - 26pm long (length of pars
proximalis vagina 14.7 - 17.6pm, pars refringens 4 - 5pm and pars distalis 2.94 -
3.92pm) or 1/2.73 - 1/2.82 of the vulval body width, distally sclerotised.
Reproductive system amphidelphic.
Prerectum 2.22 - 3.52 anal body-width, rectum 0.86 - 1.44 anal body-width
long. Tail elongate conoid with finely rounded terminus, 4.6 - 7.5 anal body-widths
long.
Male: Similar in morphology to those of females except the following. Testes

outstretched. Spicules 1.38 anal body-widths long. The supplements consist of an
adanal pair and 36 contiguous ventromedians. Tail short, bluntly rounded, 0.63 anal
body-width long.
Habitat and locality: Collected from the soil around the roots of guava at Shalipur
(West) and Balarampur of Baruipur block on 12.06.2004 and from Falta block on 09.
06. 2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: Baqri and Jana (1986) described Dorylaimus

geraerti from the soil around roots of brinjal (Solatium nigrum L.) from Narendrapur,
South 24-Parganas, a nearby place of the present report within the same block. The
present specimens fit well with the type specimens except the length of odontostyle
and prerectum in females which are longer in the types (odontostyle 43 - 47pm and
prerectum 196 - 241pm in type specimens). In case of male, spicules are longer in
type specimens (81 - 84pm) and 35 - 38 supplements are contiguous except 4-5
spaced supplements at middle. Baqri and Jana (1986) remarked thatD. geraerti shows
relationship with the genus Ichiodorylaimus Andrassy, 1969 in having both
contiguous and few spaced supplements but they placed it under the genus
Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845 due to shorter body length and the ventromedian
supplements are not arranged in two distinct groups. Andrassy (1988) also included
this species under Dorylaimus in his review work on family Dorylaimidae. In the
present male specimen the 36 supplements are contiguous without having spaced ones
which strongly indicates the existence of the species in that locality.
Figure 1. Dorylaimus geraerti. Female. A. Anterior end, B. oesophago -

intestinal junction & cardia, C. Vulva & vagina, D. Tail.
Male. E. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements, spicule & tail.

5.1.2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.

(Figure 2, A -1; Plate - 5 and 5A)
Measurements: Shown in Table 1 and 2
Description: (Minimum - maximum range of some measurements of paratypes given
in the parenthesis beside those of Holotype out side the parenthesis)
Females: Body ventrally curved upon fixation, tapering regularly towards
extremities. Inner layer of cuticle with fine longitudinal ridges. The thickness of
cuticle 6.12pm (4.9 - 7.35pm) at anterior end at the level of odontostyle, 4.9pm (3.67
- 6.12pm) at mid body and 9.8pm (7.35 - 9.8pm) on tail. Body pores numerous and
distinct.
Lip region slightly set off by depression, narrower than adjoining body,
7.35pm high and 18pm (17.15 - 18.35pm) wide or 1/1.11 (1/1.11 - 1/1.47) of
adjoining body width. Amphids stirrup-shaped, apertures 8.66 - 9.0pm wide and 6.86
- 9.0pm from anterior end.
Odontostyle 2.44 (2.44 - 2.71) lip region-widths long, 4.9pm (4.9 - 6.12pm)
thick, aperture 15.0pm or 34.09% (34.09 - 36.14%) of odontostylet length. Guiding
ring 22.5pm (22.5 - 29.0pm) or 1.25 (1.25 - 1.58) lip region-widths from anterior
end. Odontophore 1.0 (0.89 - 1.0) time the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 210pm
(174.0 - 210.0pm) or at 28.84% (25.72 - 28.84%) of pharyngeal length from anterior
end. Expanded portion of pharynx or the cylindras 3.56 (3.45 - 4.71) times the neck
base width or 53.84% (52.52 - 59.91%) of the pharyngeal length. Very thin cardiac
disc present, cardia elongate conoid, 34.0pm (24.0 - 34.0pm) long. Pharyngeal gland
nuclei inconspicuous and can not be located.
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vagina 39.2pm (32.34 - 44.1pm) long or
1/2.75 (1/2.27 - 1/2.75) of the corresponding body-widths, sclerotisation absent.
Reproductive system amphidelphic, Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 110pm (98 -
135pm) and posterior ovary 122.5pm (86.0 — 127.0pm) long.
Prerectum 5.10 (3.84 - 5.10), rectum 1.07 (0.95 - 1.28) anal body-widths
long. Tail attenuated and elongate-conoid with finely rounded terminus, 4.76 (4.24 -
4.76) anal body-widths long.
Female with abnormal short tail: all the measurements and body ratios are within
the range of normal long tailed specimens, unless it is related to total body length as
well as tail length. As the tail is abnormally short, the body length / tail length ratio is
very high (c = 47.08) in comparison with the other specimens with long tail. The tail
1.45 anal body-width long, conoid with pointed tip and with slight ventral concavity
towards terminus.
Males: Similar in general morphology with the females except the following. Body
more ventrally curved towards posterior end. Prerectum longer than female, 6.18 —
7.84 anal body-widths long, beginning well before the ventromedian supplements.
Testes outstretched, 1445.5 - 2016 pm long. Spicules 73.5pm or 1.42 - 1.67 anal
body-widths long. The supplements consist of a contiguous series of 32 - 36
ventromedians without any adanal pair. Testes outstretched. Tail short with bluntly
rounded terminus, 0.71 - 0.77 anal body-width long.
Juveniles: General body shape similar with those of adult females. Cuticle
comparatively thinner, 3.67 pm thick at anterior end, 1.25 - 2.45 pm at mid body and
4.9 pm on tail. Odonstostyle 2.31 - 2.58 lip region-width long, 3.67 pm thick,
aperture 31.57 - 35.29 % of odontostyle length. Replacing odontostyle more stout,
6.12 - 7.35 pm thick. Odontophore 0.96 - 1.07 times the odontostyle length. Guiding
ring at 19.6 - 24.5 pm or 1.15 - 1.33 lip region-widths from anterior end. Nerve ring
at 164 pm or at 28.84 % of pharyngeal length from anterior end. Expanded portion of
pharynx 45.68 - 50.0 % of the phaiyngeal length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei
inconspicuous and can not be located. Prerectum 3.95 — 5.26, rectum 0.90 — 1.08 anal
body-widths long. Tail shape similar to those of adult females, 3.84 - 5.35 anal body-
widths long.
Type habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava (Psidium
guajava L.) at Calcutta University experimental Farm, Balarampur, Bamipur, 24-
Parganas (S) West Bengal, India on 24.1.2005.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN 1012 with one female and two male
paratypes on same slide. Paratype registration Nos. WN 1013 (1 Short tailed $), WN
1014 (5 juveniles) and WN 1015 (3 $ & 2 S) on three different slides. Deposited in
National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after the associate supervisor Dr.
Amalendu Chatteijee, Scientist - ‘E’, (Retired), Z. S. I., Kolkata.
Figure 2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. xt. Female: A. Anterior portion of body

showing pharynx , oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, B. Anterior end
showing cephalic region & oaontostyle, C. Amphid, D. Vulva & vagina, E. Tail,
F. Abnormal short tail of a female.
Male: G. Posterior portion showing pre - rectum, ventromedian suppliments &
tail, H. Spicule.
Plate 5. Photomicrographs of female Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.

A. Anterior end, B. Anterior end showing odontostyle in enlarged form,
C. Oesophago-intestinal junction and cardia, D. Vulva, E. Rectum & pre
rectum, F. Tail, G. Abnormal short tail of a female
Plate 5A. Photomicrographs of Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.
MALE: H. Entire Body, I. Posterior end, J. Ventromedian supplements,

K. Spicules,.
JUVENILE: L. Anterior end showing replacing odontostyle.

Table 1. Morphometric data on female Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. (All

measurements are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. The measurements of L,
i. e., total body length and tail length of one short tailed female paratype have not
been considered for calculation of minimum - maximum range, mean, SD and SE of
L, a, b, c, c;, V, Gi and G2 of other paratypes. The body length and tail length of this
particular female paratype given in bold face. Number of paratypes examined given in
the parenthesis)
Paratype females (4) Short

tailed
Holotype female
Characters Female Min Max Mean ± SD SE (1)
L 3.54 2.67 3.35 2.93 0.36 0.21 3.01
a 30.12 29.46 33.62 31.23 2.15 1.24 29.25
b 4.86 4.18 4.64 4.38 0.24 0.136 4.36
c 15.94 13.39 15.5 14.11 1.19 0.69 47.08
d 4.76 4.24 4.72 4.48 0.24 0.14 1.45
V% 39.66 40.84 43.35 42.42 1.38 0.79 47.81
Gi% 12.45 10.57 12.45 11.51 1.33 0.94 17.07
g2% 12.11 11.37 12.11 11.74 0.52 0.37 12.19
Odontostyle length 44.0 44.0 46.5 45.25 1.44 0.72 46.5
Odontophore length 44.0 41.5 44.0 42.75 1.44 0.72 41.5
Odontostyle aperture 15.0 15.0 15.0 15 0 0 15.0
Odontostyle width 4.9 4.9 6.12 5.51 0.70 0.35 6.12
Maximum body width 117.5 79.5 114.0 96.87 14.91 7.45 103.0
Body width below
head 20.0 20.0 27.0 21.75 3.5 1.75 27.0
Body width at neck
base 110.0 78.5 110.0 93.62 13.51 6.75 98.0
Body width at vulva 108.0 73.5 108.0 91.95 16.28 8.14 103.0
Pharyngeal length 728.0 617.5 723.0 674.25 44.36 22.18 690.0
Expanded part of
pharynx 392.0 363.0 380.0 372.5 7.59 3.79 377.0
Length of cardia 34.0 24.5 31.85 27.587 3.07 1.54 27.0
Length of anterior
gonad 441.0 355.25 514.5 434.88 112.61 79.62 514.5
Length of posterior
gonad 428.75 367.5 382.2 374.85 10.39 7.35 367.5
Anterior end to vulva 1404.0 1151.5 1441 1293.13 135.88 67.94 1441.0
Tail length 222.0 198.5 216.6 207.7 9.05 5.23 64.0
Anal body width 46.55 42.0 49.0 45.75 3.30 1.66 44.0
Length of prerectum 237.5 174.0 223.0 198.38 21.53 10.77 223.0
Length of rectum 50.0 46.55 60.0 53.01 6.29 3.15 56.5
Table 2. Morphometric data on male Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. and maximum
- minimum range of juveniles (All measurements are in pm except L and body
ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined given in the parenthesis)
Paratvpe males (4) Juveniles (5)

Characters Min Max Mean + SD SE Min Max
L 2.4 3.21 2.87 0.42 0.24 2.43 2.25
a 29.76 30.64 30.15 0.45 0.26 29.19 32.93
b 3.84 4.54 4.18 0.35 0.2 4.32 3.97
c 70.76 82.0 78.13 6.39 3.68 13.62 12.29
d 0.71 0.77 0.74 0.03 0.02 3.84 5.35
T % 58.39 62.71 60.39 2.17 1.26 ~ —
Odontostyle length 41.5 46.5 44 2.5 1.44 34.0 38.0

Replacing odontostyle - - - - - 7.35 6.12
Odontostyle aperture 15.0 15.0 15 0 0 12.0 12.0
Odontostyle width 4.9 6.12 5.71 0.70 0.4 3.67 3.67
Body width below
head 27.0 29.4 28.6 1.38 0.8 22.0 19.5
Body width at neck
base 78.05 100.5 92.33 12.04 6.95 80.85 66.0
Expanded part of
pharynx 306.0 370.0 346.2 35.01 20.21 282.0 260.0
Length of cardia 22.0 27.0 25.33 2.88 1.66 27.0 27.0
Tail length 34.0 39.2 36.73 2.61 1.5 179.0 183.8
Anal body width 44.0 51.5 49 4.33 2.5 46.55 34.3
Length of rectum 49.0 71.0 59.66 11.01 6.36 42.0 37.0
Testis length 1445.5 2016 1741.83 285.9 165.06 - -
Length of spicules 73.5 83.0 76.66 5.48 3.16 - -
No.ofV.M. - -
supplements 32 36 33.66 2.08 1.2
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. can
easily be separated from all other species of the genus by its unique body length
which shows similarity only with D. geraerti Baqri and Jana, 1986 (L = 2.8 -
3.5mm). It is because the maximum body length of the longest female ranges between
6.5 - 7.5mm (D. gigas Kleynhans, 1970) and that of the smallest species are 2.2mm
(D. siddiqii Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982) and 2.3mm (D. carinatus Thome and
Swanger, 1936). The minimum and maximum ranges of female body length of all
other species vary between 3.1 - 6.4mm or in between, except D. thornei Andrassy,
1969 (2.7 - 2.8mm).
From D. geraerti, the proposed new species differs in having lesser value of
‘a’, significantly shorter tail, evident from the greater value of ‘c’ and lesser value of
d, elongate-conoid cardia and having no sclerotization in vagina distally. Further it
differs from the male of D. geraerti in having shorter spicule, lesser number and
different arrangement of ventromedian supplements without any adanal pair, and
longer prerectum (a = 33 - 39, c = 12 — 13, c/== 6 — 11, tail length = 249 - 406pm,
cardia conoid, vagina distally seclerotised in female of D. geraerti, spicule = 81 - 84
pm, supplements consist of an adanal pair and 35 - 38 ventromedians, arranged
contiguously except 4-5 slightly spaced near the middle of the series, prerectum 213
- 322pm in males of D. geraerti).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DORYLAIMUS DUJARDIN, 1845

(Modified after Andrassy, 1988)
1. Number of longitudinal ridges ranges between 50-60........................................... 2
- Number of longitudinal ridges less than 45............................................................. 4
2. Cuticle unusually thick, 14 - 18pm on mid body; spear 60 - 63 pm
long...................................................................................D. pachys Andrassyl970
- Cuticle much thinner, mostly 5 pm on mid body; spear 50 pm or shorter...............3
3. Female tail conoid, 4 anal body-widths long........................£>. alaeus Thome, 1939
- Female tail attenuated, 6-7 anal body-widths long......... .D. stenus Andrassy, 1970
4. Female tail conoid and short, 2-3 anal diameter........... .£>. conicus Andrassy, 1970
- Female tail attenuated to filiform, not less than 4 anal body-widths long................5
5. Body exceptionally slender (a = 60 or more)............................................................ 6
- Body much stout (a < 60).......................................................................................... 7
6. The longest species of the genus (L = 6.5 - 7.5mm); spicules 130 pm
long.................................................................................. D. gigas Kleynhans, 1970
- Body around 5 mm long; spicules 100pm long................ D. tepidus Andrassy, 1959
7. Spear shorter, 35 - 46.5 pm long.............................................................................. 8
- Spear longer, 50 - 60 pm........................................................................................ 16
8. Vulval region with 4-5 ventral papillae.................................................................. 9
- Vulval region without any papillae........................................................................10
9. Head distinctly set off; Longitudinal ridges 32................D. thornei Andrassy, 1969
- Head not at all set off or slightly Set off; longitudinal ridges 38 - 42.....................
..................................................................................D. lineatus Altherr et al., 1972
10. Spear three lip region-widths long; spicules 50pm...D. siddiqilAhmad etal., 1982
- Spear less than three lip region-widths long; spicules 73.5 - 90 pm long...........11
11. Body about 2 mm; supplements 55............ D. carinatus Thorne & Swanger, 1936
- Body length 2.67 - 4.2 mm; supplements fewer....................................................12
12. Supplements 35 -46.............................................................................................13
- Supplements less in number than above............................................................... 14
13. Supplements 46; Body length 3.6 -4.2mm.....................D.fodori Andrassy, 1988
- Supplements 35 - 38; Body length 2.8 - 3.5........... D. geraerti Baqri & Jana, 1986
14. Supplements 32 - 36; Body length 2.67 - 3.54mm..................D. chatterjeei sp. n.
- Supplements 22 - 27; minimum body length above 3.1mm.................................. 15
15. Vulva pre-equatorial, at 36 -39% of body length......D. numidicus Andrassy, 1988
- Vulva towards equatorial region, at 44 - 49% of body...... .D. popus Gagarin, 1981
16. Cuticle very thick, 12-14 pm on mid body; spicules 140pm.................................
........................................................................................... D. crassus de Man, 1884
- Cuticle much thinner, 8-10 pm; spicules at most 120 pm long.......................... 17
17. Lips well separate, angular, head deeply offset...........D. stephani Andrassy, 1969
- Lips not separate, rounded, head not offset...........................................................18
18. Supplements 55- 62; spicules around 120pm long...................................................
.................................................................. D. stekhoveni Baqri and Coomans, 1973
- Supplements 25 - 35; spicules around 80 pm............D. montanus Stefanski, 1923
19. Spear three times as long as labial width.............................................................. 20
- Spear not more than two and half times as long as labial width.............................21
20. Longitudinal ridges 28 - 29, unequally spaced (on both sides of the body more
densely arranged); V = 37 - 38%.................................... D. unicus Andrassy, 1970
- Longitudinal ridges 32-35, equally spaced; V = 46% ....£). helveticus Steiner, 1919
21. Spear 57 - 60pm long; a small papilla present on both side of vulva
D. macroproctus Altherr, 1963
- Spear shorter, 46 - 53 pm long; papillae absent at vulva....................................... 22
22. Aperture occupying half of the spear length; spear with a dorsal fissure;
supplements 28....................................................D. asymphydorus Andrassy, 1969
- Aperture occupying one-third of the spear length; spear without dorsal fissure;
supplements 36-52 .............................................................................................23
23. Spear conspicuously thicker than cuticle at the same level; vulva at 37 - 39% of
the body; supplements 52........................................D. afghanicus Andrassy, 1960
- Spear as thick as or thinner than cuticle at the same level, vulva at 42 - 47% of the
body; supplements 36-45 .........................................D. stagnalis, Dujardin, 1845
5.1.3. Laimydorus baldus Baqri and Jana, 1982
(Figure 3,A-H)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.94 -2.14mm; a = 31.07-34.45; b = 4.20-4.95; c = 11.52-12.58; c/ = 5.68
- 6.89; V = 44.19 - 47.79%; Gi = 26.3 - 28.18%; G2 = 27.64 - 32.56%; odontostyle =
24.0 - 26.5pm; odontophore = 34.3 - 41.0pm; maximum body width = 61.0 - 69.0pm,
length of pharynx = 424.0 - 463.0pm; body width at neck base = 53.9 - 63.7pm; body
width at vulva = 61.0 - 68.6pm; expanded part of pharynx = 215.6 - 221.0pm;
glandularium = 185.0 - 206.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 929.0 -
980.0pm; length of anterior gonad = 549.0 - 580.0pm; length of posterior gonad =
581.0 - 697.5pm; prerectum = 122.5 - 154.0pm; rectum = 32.0 - 34.0pm; tail length
= 167.0 - 186.0pm; anal body diameter = 24.5 - 31.85pm.
Males: L = 1.90 - 2.15mm; a = 31.15 - 31.60; b = 4.22 - 4.55; c = 77.89 - 79.85; d = 0.83 -
0.91; T = 56.58 - 63.55%; odontostyle = 24.0 - 26.5pm; odontophore = 34.0 -
36.75pm; maximum body width = 61.2 - 69.0pm, length of pharynx = 439.0 -
473.0pm; body width at neck base = 61.2 - 63.7pm; expanded part of pharynx =
218.0 - 230.0pm; prerectum = 235.0 - 272.0pm; rectum = 29.4 - 32.0pm; tail length
= 24.5 - 27.0pm; anal body diameter = 29.4pm.; length of testis = 1213.0- 1227.0pm;
spicule length = 47.0 - 52.0pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 24-28

Taxonomic and Ecolological Studies 52
guiding ring and odontostyle, D, E. Difference in shape of cardia, F. Vagina and part of
(anterior branch) gonad, G. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Posterior portion showing ventromedian supplements, spicules

and tail.
Description:
Females: Body almost straight or slightly ventrally curved when fixed, tapering
towards ends. Cuticle with fine transverse striations, 4pm thick at anterior end at the
level of odontostyle, 2.45 - 4.0 at mid body and 3.5 - 4.9pm on tail. Lateral chords
1/4 -1/3 of the body width near mid body.
Lip region set off by slight depression, narrower than adjoining body, 4.9pm
high and 13 - 14 pm or 1/1.07 - 1/1.15 adjoining body-widths wide. Amphids stirrup
shaped, apertures 6.5 pm or 46.42 - 50% of the corresponding body width and 5.5 -
6.0 pm from the anterior end.
Odontostyle 1.65 - 1.89 lip region-widths long, 4.0 - 4.5pm thick, aperture
occupying 8.5 - 10 pm or 35.41 - 37.73% of the odontostyle length. Guiding ring at
14.5 - 17.0pm from anterior end. Odontophore 1.29 - 1.54 times the odontostyle
length. Nerve ring at 125 - 147pm or 26.99 - 34.66% of pharynx from anterior end.
Cardia elongate conoid, wide at oesophago-intestinal junction and then narrow, 17.0 -
19.6pm long. Expanded portion of pharynx 3.42 - 4.09 times the neck base-width
long or 45.58 - 48.12% of the pharyngeal length. Location of pharyngeal gland nuclei
are as follows:
D = 54.42 - 55.78%, AS, = 23.75 - 28.06%, AS2 = 28.07 - 29.97%, PS, = 66.81 -
76.81%, PS2 = 71.76 - 82.63%
Female reproductive system amphidelphic. Vulva transverse, slightly pre-
equatorial. Vaginal length 21.0- 25.5pm or 30.88 - 41.80% of the corresponding body
width. The length ofpars proximalis vagina 14.0 - 16.5pm, pars refringens 4 - 5pm,
combined width of pars refringens vagina 8 - 9pm and length ofpars distalis vagina
2 - 4.9pm. Spindle-shaped sperms present in uteri, uterus and oviduct separated by
sphincter. Both the ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 174 - 220pm long and posterior
ovary 213.0 - 330.75pm long.
Prerectum 3.92 - 5.23 and rectum 1.0 - 1.3 anal body widths long. Tail
elongate filiform, 5.68 - 6.89 anal body-widths long, in some specimens ventrally
curved.
Males: Almost similar to female in general morphology except tail and prerectum
length. Testes outstretched, supplements consists of a series of 22 - 24 contiguous
ventromedians. Spicules 1.59 - 1.76 anal body widths long, lateral guiding piece 9 -
12pm long. Prerectum longer than female, 7.99 - 9.25 anal body widths long. Tail
short, ventrally curved, bluntly rounded, 0.83 - 0.91 anal body -widths long.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from the soil around the roots of guava at Dakshin
Ghoshpara, sonarpur block, South 24-Parganas on 24. 07. 2005.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present specimens fit well to the type
specimens described by Baqri and Jana (1982) from soil around the roots of paddy
(Oryza sativa) at Coochbehar district, West Bengal except some variations in total
length, odontophore, prerectum and tail length (L = 2.11 - 2.44mm, odontophore = 29
- 30qm, rectum = 40 - 45pm and tail length = 190 - 224pm in type specimens). As
they described Laimydorus baldus based upon a single male specimen, no minimum -
maximum range of measurements had been provided. In the male paratype, the body
length was 1.83mm which is slightly shorter than the present specimens, odontostyle
24pm, ventromedian supplements 24, spicule length 53pm and prerectum 236pm
resembling the present specimens. Bhora and Baqri (2004) and Bhora et al. (2005)
reported this species from different localities of Gujarat state, India. The species is
being reported for the first time from South 24-Parganas district.
5.1.4. Laimydorus istvani sp. n.

(Figure 4, A -1; Plate - 6)
Females: Body almost straight upon fixation, tapering towards both extremities.
Cuticle with fine transverse striations, 2.45 - 3.5pm thick at anterior end at the level
of odontostyle and also at mid body, 6 - 7pm thick on tail. Body pores indistinct.
6.0pm(4.9 - 7.0pm) high, 14pm or 0.77 (0.73 - 0.82pm) adjoining body-width wide.
Amphids stirrup shaped, their apertures occupying 8pm (6.86 - 8.0pm) or 44.44%
(40.35 - 44.44%) of the corresponding body width and at 7.0pm (6.86 - 8.5pm) from
anterior end.
Odontostyle 2.07 (2.07 - 2.28) lip region-widths long, 4.9pm (3.67 - 4.9pm)
thick, distinctly thicker than the cuticle at the same level, their aperture occupying
12pm (12 - 13pm) or 41.37 - 44.82% of odontostyle length. Guiding ring 21pm (17 -
21pm) or 1.5 (1.21 - 1.5) lip region-widths from anterior end. Odontophore 1.10
(1.06 - 1.24) times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 157pm (147 - 173pm) or at
28.23% (25.4 - 28.98%) of the pharyngeal region from the anterior end. Expanded
portion of pharynx 4.5 (3.83 - 4.66) times the neck base-width or 53.41% (48.78 -
53.41%) of the pharyngeal length. Basal expanded portion of pharynx heavily
muscular, gland nuclei inconspicuous and not detectable. Shape of eardia variable,
elongate conoid with rounded terminus, sometimes wide at oesophago-intestinal
junction and then tapering to assume conoid shape, 22.0pm (17.15 - 22.0pm) long,
thin cardiac disc present.
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vaginal length 26.5pm (22.0 - 29.0pm) or
extending inward 40.90 % (32.11 - 43.93%) of corresponding body width,
sclerotization absent. Length of pars proximalis vagina 17.0pm (14.7 - 19.5pm),pars
refringens 7.0pm (3.6 - 7.0pm), combined width of pars refringens vagina 9.8pm
(9.8 - 12.25pm) and length of pars distalis 2.5pm. One paratype containing five intra
uterine eggs - two eggs in the anterior branch measuring 86.0 x 37.0pm and 88.0 x
34.0pm; three eggs in the posterior branch of gonad measuring 86.0 x 34.0pm, 88.0
x 34.0pm and 83.0 x 37.0pm. The holotype also containing two anterior and two
posterior intra uterine eggs measuring within the same range with those of paratype.
Both the ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 233.0pm (120.0 - 269.5pm) and posterior
ovary 282.0pm (135.0 - 321.0pm) long.
Prerectum 3.97 (3.97 - 4.82) and rectum 1.08 (1.08 - 1.38) anal body-widths
long. Tail elongate filiform, slightly dorsally curved towards terminus, 9.08 (6.26 -
Males: Similar to females in general body shape and morphology except the
following. Testes outstretched. Supplements consist of a series of 22 - 27 contiguous
ventromedians without any adanal pair. Spicules 1.32 - 1.45 anal body-widths long.
Lateral guiding piece about 1/4 - 1/3 of the spicule length. Prerectum longer than
female, 6.28 - 8.17pm and rectum 1.12 - 1.5 anal body-widths long. Tail short,
ventrally curved, rounded, 0.59 - 0.72 anal body-width long.
Type Habitat and Locality: Collected from the soil around the roots of guava at
Kalibari, Palpara and Sikharbali of Baruipur block on 23. 09. 2005 and from
Bishnupur block on 01. 01. 2008.
Type Specimens: Holotype registration number WN 1016 along with 3 female and 2
male paratypes on the same slide. Paratype registration numbers WN 1017 (4$, 3$)
and WN 1018 (4$, 4<$), deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological
Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Table 3. Morphometric data on female Laimydorus istvani sp. n. (All

measurements are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes
examined given in the parenthesis)
Holotype Paraty pe females (11)

Characters female Min Max Mean ± SD SE
L 2.8 2.46 2.91 2.78 0.19 0.08
a 41.86 39.06 45.59 42.08 2.69 1.2
b 5.04 4.79 4.99 4.88 0.08 0.04
c 9.07 9.02 13.47 10.26 1.83 0.82
d 9.08 6.26 9.5 8.51 1.29 0.58
V% 40.6 42.7 46.67 44.85 1.46 0.65
Gi% 21.39 17.5 24.31 21.09 2.82 1.26
G2% 26.8 18.77 27.23 22.14 3.71 1.66
Odontostyie length 29.0 29.0 32.0 30.8 1.64 0.73
Odontophore length 32.0 34.0 36.0 35.2 1.09 0.49
Odontostyie aperture 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 0 0
Odontostyie width 4.9 3.67 4.9 4.4 0.67 0.3
Maximum body width 67.0 54.0 73.5 66.6 7.58 3.39
Body width below head 18.0 17.0 19.0 18.6 0.89 0.4
Body width at neck base 66.0 54.0 73.5 66.1 7.50 3.35
Body width at vulva 66.0 51.5 73.5 66.1 8.62 3.86
Pharyngeal length 556.0 510.0 605.0 570 38.06 17.02
Expanded part of pharynx 297.0 252.0 319.0 285.6 25.64 11.46
Length of cardia 14.7 14.7 22.0 18.06 2.8 1.25
Length of anterior gonad 600.0 431.0 705.0 591.8 111.21 49.73
Length of posterior gonad 752.0 468.0 794.0 617.6 130.03 58.15
Anterior end to vulva 1139.0 1122.0 1340.0 1250.6 90.18 40.33
Tail length 309.0 213.0 323.0 276.8 41.95 18.76
Anal body width 34.0 29.0 34.0 32.6 2.19 0.98
Length of prerectum 135.0 135.0 164.0 146 14.28 6.38
Length of rectum 37.0 37.0 47.0 41.9 4.88 2.18
Table 4. Morphometric data on male Laimydorus istvani sp. n. (All measurements

are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined given in
the parenthesis)
Parabme males (9)

Characters Min Max Mean ±SD SE
L 2.46 2.72 2.57 0.09 0.04
a 34 38.6 36.57 1.90 0.85
b 4.44 4.87 4.62 0.18 0.08
c 94.37 111.98 101.22 7.02 3.14
d 0.59 0.79 0.68 0.08 0.03
T % 54.82 59.22 56.51 1.77 0.79
Odontostyle length 29.0 32.0 30 1.41 0.63
Odontophore length 32.0 36.0 34.4 1.67 0.75
Odontostyle aperture 9.8 12.25 10.29 1.09 0.49
Odontostyle width 3.67 4.9 4.65 0.55 0.246
Maximum body width 66.0 80.0 70.3 5.80 2.59
Body width below head 17.0 19.0 18.6 0.89 0.4
Body width at neck base 63.5 76.0 67.6 5.09 2.28
Pharyngeal length 519.0 610.0 555.6 38.49 17.22
Expanded part of pharynx 257.0 311.0 279.8 23.27 10.41
Length of Cardia 12.25 19.6 15.89 3.14 1.57
Tail length 22.0 27.0 25.5 2.23 1
Anal body width 340.0 39.0 37.2 2.05 0.92
Length of prerectum 245.0 319.0 272.5 33.37 16.69
Length of rectum 42.0 47.0 44.7 2.05 0.91
Testis length 1397.0 1531.0 1451.8 67.15 30.03
Length of Spicules 49.0 54.0 52 2.74 1.22
Lat. Guiding piece 12.0 19.6 15.92 2.95 1.32
V. M. supplements 22 27 24 1.87 0.84
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Dr. Istvan
Andrassy.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Laimydorus istvani sp. n. comes
close to L. multialeus (Khera, 1970) Baqri, 1985, L. siddiqilBaqri & Jana, 1982 and I,.
baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982. The proposed new species comes closer to L. multialeus
due to its spear distinctly thicker than cuticle at the same level as pointed out by
Andrassy (1988). Beside other similarities, it differs from L. multialeus in having
longer body length both in female and male, greater ‘a’ value, lesser ‘b’ value and
longer odontostyle (length of female = 2.4 - 2.6mm, length of male = 2.0 - 2.2mm;
Figure 4. Laimydorus istvani sp.n. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior end, E.

Oesophago-intestinal junction & cardia, F. Tail, H. Posterior branch of gonad
showing intra-utarine eggs, I. Anterior end showing amphid.
Male: B. Entire body, D. Cardia, G. Posterior end showing ventromedian

supplements, spicule & tail.
Plate 6. Photomicrographs of Laimydorus istvani sp. n. Female: A. Entire

body, C. Anterior end, D. Vulva and intra - uterine eggs, E. Rectum & Pre
rectum, F. Tail end, G. Oesophago-intestinal junction & Cardia.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Spicules, I. Tail end, J. Oesophago-intestinal junction

& Cardia, K. Ventromedian supplements.
a = 35 - 38; b = 5.3 - 5.9 in female; odonstyle = 25 - 28jam in L. multialeus) It differs
from the males of L. multialeus in having more number of ventromedian supplements
without any adanal pair, longer lateral guiding piece and tail (supplements consist of
23 - 24 ventromedians with an adanal pair, lateral guiding piece = 9 — 11 pm and tail
= 20 - 21pm in L. multialeus).
From L. siddiqiiths newly proposed species differs in having shorter tail in
relation to body length, evident from greater c- value, shorter cardia with different
shape, much shorter prerectum and longer rectum in female ((tail length = 322 -
363pm; c = 7.8 - 8.2; prerectum = 177 - 208pm, rectum = 33 - 35pm in female).
From the males of L. siddiqi, it differs in having no adanal pair of supplement and
shorter spicule length (supplements consist of an adanal pair with a series of 21 - 26
contiguous ventromedians, spicule = 53 - 57pm in L. siddiqi
From L. baldus it differs in having a longer body in female, greater a- value,
longer odontostyle and odontophore and tail. L. istvani sp. n. differs from the males of
L. baldus in having much greater c-value, in the number of ventromedian supplements
without any adanal pair and in longer tail (L = 2.11 - 2.44mm; a = 34 - 36;
odontostyle = 24 - 25pm, odontophore = 29 - 30pm tail = 190 - 224pm in female
and L = 1.83mm; c - 77; supplements = 24 with an adanal pair; tail = 22pm in L.
baldus),
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Khera (1970) described a new species Dorylaimus

multialeus from Lucknow, India. Baqri (1985) restudied the specimens and
redesignated the specimens as Laimydorus multialeus as new combination due to the
absence of cuticular longitudinal ridges (presence of longitudinal ridges in cuticle is a
character of sub family Dorylaiminae and the genus Dorylaimus). Jairajpuri and
Ahmad (1992) included the species under the genus Dorylaimus but Andrassy (1988)
again placed it under Laimydorus supporting the view of Baqri (1985). The present
new species has been compared with L. multialeus because of their morphological
similarities and also has been incorporated in the species key of Laimydorus. Some
species of this genus described by Dey and Baqri (1986), Baqri (1991) have not been
included in the species list made by Jairajpuri and Ahmad (1992). Again, the species
described by Jairajpuri and Ahmad (1982) has not been accommodated in the species
key of Laimydorus made by Andrassy (1988). All these species as well as a good
number species (13 species), recently described by Loof (1996), Ahmad and Shaheen
(2004), Beniyamuddin and Ahmad (2006) have been compiled and accommodated in
the present key.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LAIMYDORUS ANDRASSY, 1969

(Modified after Andrassy, 1988)
1. Body small to medium size......................................................................................2
- Body medium to large size.......................................................................................6
2. The smallest species in the genus, L = 1.5mm......................L. minimus Baqri, 1991
- Medium sized, average body length under 2mm or slightly more than 2mm...........3
3. Body length well above 1.5mm but distinctly under 2mm......................................4
- Average body length at least 2mm or slightly more.................................................. 5
4. Advulval cuticular ornamentation present both anterior and posterior to vulva;
Body length 1.55 - 1.81mm............L. vulvastriatus Beniyamuddin & Ahmad, 2006
- Advulval cuticular ornamentation absent; Body length 1.90 - 1.95mm....................
.............................................................................. L tropicus Ahmad & Shaeen, 2004
5. Cardia 31.5 - 39.5pm, divided in to two parts - anterior hemispheroid and posterior
elongate conoid, joined by an isthmus-like structure...................................................
.............................................................. .L. cardiacus Beniyamuddin & Ahmad, 2006
- Cardia short conoid, 11 - 13pm long.................L. esquiveli Ahmad & Shaeen, 2004
6. Female tail short and digitate, 2-3 anal body-widths long..................................... 7
- Female tail longer, conoid to attenuated, 4-14 anal body-widths long............. 11
7. The posterior digitate half of female tail dorsally curved........................................ 8
— The posterior digitate half of female tail straight or ventrally curved.................... 9
8. Body almost 4mm; female tail shorter than two anal body-widths; Lips
amalgamated............................................ L. afer (Andrassy, 1964) Andrassy, 1986
- Body about 2mm; female tail longer than 2 anal body-widths; lips distinct...........
............................................................................................ .L. reverses Thome, 1974
9. Tail terminus of female spicate..........L. doryuris (Ditlevsen, 1911) Andrassy, 1986
- Tail terminus of female somewhat swollen, rounded..............................................10
10. Body 4mm long; cuticle very thick, much thicker than the spear at the same
level................................................... L. aquatilis (Skwarra, 1921) Andrassy, 1988
- Body 2.5 - 3mm long; cuticle as thick as spear at the same level...........................
............................................................L. halophilus (Daday, 1897) Andrassy, 1988
11. Spear 40pm or longer............................................................................................12

- Spear 30 pm or shorter............................................................................................ 18
12. Body longer than 4mm.......................................................................................... 13
- Body shorter than 4mm......................................................................................... 16
13. Aperture occupying almost half of the spear length.............................................. 14
- Aperture occupying 1/4 or 1/3 of the spear length................................................. 15
14. Cuticle 12pm on mid body, thicker than the spear at the same level; lip region
continuous.....................................................................L. elephas Andrassy, 1988
- Cuticle 7pm on mid body, thinner than the spear at the same level; lip region
distinctly set off............................L. unipapillatus (Daday, 1905) Andrassy, 1969
15. Eggs numerous, ovoviviparous; c1 = 7 in female......................................................
...................................;..................L. prolificus (Thome & Swanger) Siddiqi, 1969
- Eggs fewer, oviparous; c; = 5 in female............................L. pinguis Andrassy, 1988
16. Cuticle much thinner than the spear at the same level...........................................
...............................................L. pseudostagnalis (Micoletzky, 1927) Siddiqi, 1969
- Cuticle thicker than the spear at the same level...................................................... 17
17. Tail terminus of female hooked—L. crassoides (Jagerskiold, 1908) Siddiqi, 1969
- Tail terminus of the female not hooked................................. L.fmalis Thome, 1975
18. Body slender; female prerectum short to very long............................................. 19
- Body slender; odontostyle short to moderate........................................................ 22
19. Body extremely slender (a = 66 - 86); female prerectum short to very long........ 20
- Body not so slender (a = 50.5 - 74); length of odontostyle greatly differs........... 21
20. a = 67 - 86; female prerectum 10 - 12 anal body-widths long.................................
................................................................. L. luettichaui (Meyl, 1957) Siddiqi, 1969
- a = 66 - 84; female prerectum comparatively very short, 3.5 - 6.5 anal body-widths
long............................................. L. bongersi (Loof & Coomans, 1986) Loof, 1996
21. Female prerectum about 8 anal body-diameters; odontostyle 62pm long...............
............................................................................L. distinctus Dey and Baqri, 1986
- Female prerectum 6-8 anal body-diameters; odontostyle shorter, 24 - 25pm..........
...............................................................L. dhanachandi Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1982
22. Spear distinctly thicker than the cuticle at the same level................................... 23
- Spear thicker or as thick as or thinner than the cuticle at the same level...............25
23. Tail longer, c = 5 - 6....................... L. vixamictus (Andrassy, 1962) Siddiqi, 1969
- Tail shorter, c = 9 - 12.4......................................................................................... 24
24. Body length of female 2.42 - 2.58mm; odontostyle 25 - 28pm; tail of male shorter
...................................................................L. multialeus (Khera, 1970) Baqri, 1985
- Body length of female 2.46 - 2.91mm; odontostyle 29 - 32pm; tail of male longer,
22 - 27pm......................................................................................... L. istvani sp. n.
25. Body slender; lip region set off by depression.................................................... 26
- Body not so slender; lip region set off by depression or by deep constriction.......27
26. a = 60-80; spear 15 - 17pm; female prerectum very short...L. flavensis Loof, 1996
- a = 66 - 71; spear 25 - 27pm; female prerectum comparatively very long, 12-15
anal body diameters long............................................ L. oryzae Dey & Baqri, 1986
27. Tail longer, c = 5.7 - 8.2........................................................................................28
- Tail shorter, c = 10.0 - 16.7.....................................................................................31
28. Supplements 31-33; cuticle thicker than the spear at the same level.....................
.......................................................L. proximus (Thome & Swanger) Siddiqi, 1969
- Supplements 30 or less; cuticle as thick as or thinner than the spear at the same
level....................................................................................................................... 29
29. Head set off by depression; supplements 21-26........ L. siddiqiiBaqri & Jana, 1982
- Head set off by deep constriction or depression; supplements greater or lesser than
above.....................................................................................................................30
30. Female tail attenuated and distally filiform without any constriction; supplements
26-30............................................................................ .L. coroniceps Loof, 1996
- Female tail constricted both dorsally and ventrally, then attenuated; supplements 19
-24................................................................................ .L. constrictus Loof, 1996
31. Tail of male with irregular shape........................................................................32
- Tail of male regular in shape, mostly with rounded or hemispheroid tip...............33
32. Tail shape of male varying, never hemispheroid, typically irregularly conical; uteri
in female without special differentiation............................. L. vacillans Loof, 1996
- Tail of male with peculiar ventral contour; uteri of female very long with well
developed pars musculosa................................................... L. uterinus Loof, 1996
33. Spear 18 -21pm long...............................L. agilis (de Man, 1880) Siddiqi, 1969
- Spear 24 - 40pm long............................................................................................ 34
34. Anal region distinctly constricted both dorsally and ventrally..................................
.........................................................L. stenopygus (Andrassy, 1968) Siddiqi, 1969
- Anal region not constricted.................................................................................... 35
35. Spear moderately short to long; supplements 27 or 28......................................... 36
- Spear shorter; supplements 24................................................................................ 37
36. Spear 28 - 29pm long; supplements 28.......................... L. gazella Andrassy, 1970
- Spear 38 - 40pm long; supplements 27.............................. L. coomansi Baqri, 1991
37. Lips amalgamated, continuous with body.................L. baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982
- Lips distinct, slightly set off from body.........L. keilini (Lee, 1961) Andrassy, 1986
5.1.5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius (Kerris, 1930) Andrassy, 1959

(Figure 5, A - H)

Measurements:
Females : L = 1.01 - 1.12mm; a = 30.55 - 34.59; b = 4.27 - 4.89 ; c = 30.13 - 37.28; d=
1.28 - 1.68; V = 51.90 - 55.60%; Gi = 12.19 - 25.95%; G2 =14.63 - 27.23%;
odontostyle = 9.8 - 11.76pm; odontostyle aperture = 2.94 - 3.92pm; odontophore =
12.74 - 17.0pm; maximum body width = 30.5 - 36.0pm, length of pharynx = 228 -
252pm; body width at neck base = 29.0 - 35.5pm; body width at vulva = 30.5 -
36.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 91 - 98pm; glandularium = 78.5 - 93.0pm;
distance of vulva from anterior end = 541.5 - 620.0pm; length of anterior gonad = 135
- 279pm; length of posterior gonad = 161 - 277pm; prerectum = 51.5 - 73.0pm;
rectum = 22 - 36pm; tail length = 29.5 - 37.0pm; anal body diameter = 19.6 —
24.5pm.
Males: L = 0.99 - 0.05mm; a = 27.02 - 33; b = 4.13 - 4.51 ; c = 46.63 - 61.82 ; d = 0.69 ~
0.89; T = 51.91 - 55.16%; odontostyle = 10.78 -11.76pm; odontostyle aperture = 2.94
- 3.92pm; odontophore = 13.72 - 17.64pm; maximum body width = 32 - 39pm;
length of pharynx = 233 - 245pm; body width at neck base = 29 - 34pm; expanded
part of pharynx = 83.0 - 112.0pm; glandularium = 81.34 - 89.0pm; prerectum = 76 -
115pm; rectum = 27 - 34pm; tail length = 17 - 22pm; anal body diameter = 24.5pm;
length of testis = 515 - 578pm; spicule length = 37 - 44pm; lateral guiding piece = 9.8
- 12.0pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 10-12.

Description:
Females: Body slightly ventrally curved upon fixation, gradually narrowing towards
both extremities. Cuticle 1.22pm at anterior end, 1.22 - 2.45pm at mid body and 2.45
- 4.9pm thick on tail. Lateral chords about one-third of body width at mid body. Body
pores not visible.
Lip region rounded or slightly angular, almost continuous, 2.94 - 3.92pm
high, 9.8 - 10.78pm wide or 1/2.95 - 1/3.29 of the body width at neck base. Amphids
stirrup-shaped, 2.94 - 3.92pm from anterior end.
Odontostyle 1 - 1.1 lip region-widths long, its aperture occupying 27.27 -
36.36% of odontostyle length. Guiding ring single, 4.9 - 6.86pm or 0.5 - 0.6 lip
region-width from anterior end. Odontophore 1.2- 1.5 times the odontostyle length.
Nerve ring at 86 - 91pm from the anterior end. Expanded part of pharynx 38.23 -
42.98% of the total pharyngeal length. Cardia elongate - conoid, 8.82 - 12.74pm
long. Glandularium 80.6 - 89.79% of cylindrus. Positions of pharyngeal, gland nuclei
are: D = 60.11-68.13%; AS! = 31.61 - 38.97%; AS2 = 34.73 - 39.69%; PS,=
59.02 - 68.49%; PS2 = 62.36 - 70.60%
Reproductive system amphidelphic. Vulva transverse, post-equatorial. Vagina
14.7 - 19.6pm long or extending inward about half of the corresponding body width,
distally sclerotized. Pars proximalis vagina 9.8 - 12.25pm, pars refringens 2.45 -
6pm and pars distalis 1.22 - 3.5pm long. Sphincter present at uterus-oviduct junction.
Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 51.5 — 93.0pm and posterior ovary 51.5 - 98.0pm
long. One specimen with egg in the anterior branch of gonad measuring 18.5 x
59.0pm.
Prereetum 2.34 - 3.62, rectum 1.04 - 1.63 anal body-widths long. Tail first
convex-conoid and then suddenly narrowing on dorsal side to form a narrow digitate
portion, tapering to a narrowly rounded terminus. Posterior narrow portion of tail
straight or slightly bent ventrally, shorter than anterior convex-conoid portion, 8.5 -
14.7pm long or 1/2.5 - 1/ 3.76 of the anterior portion. Tail 1.28 - 1.68 anal body-
widths long.
Males: Similar to female in general body shape and morphology except reproductive
system and tail shape. Testes outstretched or in some of the specimens anterior testis
reflexed. Supplements consist of 9 - 11 regularly spaced ventromedians and an adanal
Figure 5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior

end, D. Anterior end showing Pharynx, pharyngeal gland nuclei & cardia, E.
Reproductive system, G. Posterior end showing pre-rectum, rectum and tail.
Male: B. Entire body, F. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements
spicule and tail.
pair. Spicules 1.51 - 1.79 anal body-widths long. Lateral guiding piece about one-
third to one-fourth of spicule length. Prerectum 3.10-4.69 and rectum 1.10 - 1.38
anal body-widths long. Tail short, rounded, ventrally curved, 0.69 - 0.89 anal boy
diameter long.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from the soil around the roots of guava from
Joynagar and Kultali blocks on 23. 09.2005, 09.06.2007 and on 10. 08. 2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Keris (1930) described Dorylaimus mesonyctius

but Andrassy (1959) transferred the species to the genus Mesodorylaimus. The present
specimens fit well with the original description except its tail (c = 18 in original
description and shows similarities with M. pizai lordello, 1965 with reference to its
tail structure (In M. pizai, posterior tapering part of female tail shorter than the
anterior rounded part). But the body structure and measurements of both male and
female of present specimens agree well with M. mesonyctius. This species is widely
distributed through out the world. Ahmad and Ahmad (2001) reported this species
from soil around the roots of paddy from Andhra Pradesh, India. Further Bohra and
Baqri (2004) reported it from the rhizosphere of Castor in Gujarat state, India. This is
the first report of M. mesonyctius from West Bengal.
5.1.6. Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n.

(Figure 6, A - F; Plate - 7)
Measurements: Shown in Table 5
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, almost cylindrical except slightly tapering
towards anterior end from the base of pharynx and ending into a uniformly attenuated
elongated tail. Striations in cuticle and body pores indistinct. Cuticle 2.45pm at mid
body and 4.9pm (4.9 - 7.0pm) thick on tail.
Lip region almost continuous or very minutely demarcated from body, almost
same or slightly narrower than adjoining body, moderately sclerotized, 4.9pm (4.9 -
6.0pm) high and 9.8pm (8.5 - 9.8pm) wide, lips amalgamated. Amphids not
distinctly visible. Odontostyle 1.4 (1.2 - 1.72) lip region-widths long, its aperture
distinct, 1/35 (1/3 - 1/3.75) or 28.75% (26.66 - 33.33%) of the odontostyle length.
Odontophore rod-like, 1.28 (1.13 - 1.91 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring at
8.8pm (7.8 - 9.8pm) from anterior end. Nerve ring at 98pm (90.65 - 117.6pm) from
anterior end. Expanded part of pharynx 3.76 (2.88 - 4.31) times the neck base-width
or occupying 42.25% (41.54 - 45.5%) of the pharyngeal length. Cardia bluntly conoid
or rounded, 9.8pm (7.35 - 12.25pm) long. Glandularium 90.83% (82.92 - 90.83%) of
expanded part of pharynx. Position of pharyngeal gland nuclei are:
D = 60.73% (58.65 - 63%); AS, = 45.85% (44 - 48%); AS2 = 46.75% (45.6 -
50.71%); PS, = 67.43% (63.41 - 67.91%); PS2 = 71.92% (66.2 - 71.92%).
Vulva pre-equatorial in position, transverse. Vaginal length 1/2.2 (1/2.0 -
1/2.25) of the corresponding body width. Reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic,
anterior genital branch completely absent, even without any sac; posterior genital
branch well developed, ovary reflexed, 71pm (42 - 117pm) long, sperm absent within
the gonad.
Prerectum 2.6 (2.3 - 2.8), rectum 1.2 (1.1 - 1.5) anal body-widths long. Tail
elongated, continuously tapering from anus to a finely rounded terminus, 11.27 (8.86
- 12.75) anal body-widths long.
Male: Not found
Type Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at
Shalipur (West) and Balarampur of Baruipur block on 24. 05. 2004.
Type Specimens: Holotype registration number WN 1019 along with paratypes on

the same slide. Paratype registration numbers WN 1019 (2$,) and WN 1021 (2$),
WN 1022 (1$) and WN 1023 (2$), deposited in the National Zoological Collection,
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after my supervisor Prof. Buddhadeb
Manna, Parasitology Laboratory, Dept, of Zoology, University of Calcutta.
Table 5. Morphometric data on female Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n. (All
Paratvpe females (7)

Holotype
Characters female Min Max Mean ±$D SE
L 1.49 1.38 1.73 1.5 0.14 0.06
a 45.36 32.18 46.68 41.77 6.09 2.72
b 5.27 4.81 5.66 5.17 0.32 0.14
c 6.06 5.42 6.73 6.1 0.51 0.23
d 11.27 8.86 12.75 10.92 1.72 0.77
V% 33.19 30.83 33.81 32.75 1.22 0.55
Gi% 0 0 0 0 0 0
G2% 12.95 10.26 17.43 13.22 3.74 2.16
Odontostyle length 13.72 11.76 14.7 13.72 1.2 0.54
Odontostyle aperture 3.92 3.92 4.9 4.11 0.44 0.19
Maximum body width 33.0 30 44.0 36.8 6.72 3
Body width at vulva 33.0 30.0 44.0 36.8 6.72 3
Pharyngeal length 284.0 279.0 306.0 290.4 10.36 4.63
Expanded part of
pharynx 120.0 118.0 135.0 126 6.24 2.79
Glandularium 109.0 . 102.0 122.5 112.37 8.46 4.23
Length of cardia 9.8 7.35 12.0 9.42 2.43 1.21
Length of anterior gonad 0 0 0 0 0 0
Length of posterior
gonad 194.0 142.0 264.0 195 62.55 36.11
Vaginal length 15.0 14.74 19.6 16.87 1.78 0.8
Tail length 247.0 233.0 257.0 246.4 10.09 4.51
Anal body width 22.0 19.6 29.0 23.02 3.86 1.73
Length of prerectum 59.0 46.5 73.5 60.65 12.55 6.27
Length of rectum 27.0 22.0 44.0 30 9.62 4.81
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n.
differs from all other known species of the genus by the complete absence of anterior
uterine sac and by the absence of males. Although it shows some similarities with the
females of I. kanhobia Thomber et al., 1980in some body measurements and ratios, it
differs from I. kanhobia in having a slightly shorter body and much shorter
odontostyle (L = 1.5 - 1.8mm in female; odontostyle = 18 - 20pm ini kanhobia).
30 pm
B, C,D
Figure 6. Indodorylaimus maimai sp. it. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior end
showing cephalic region & odontostyle, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction and
cardia, D. Mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system without anterior uterine
sac, E. Pharynx showing the gland nuclei, F. Tail end.
Plate 7. Photomicrographs of Indodorylaimus tnannai sp. n. Female:

A. Entire body, B. Anterior end, C. Oesophago-intestinal junction showing
cardia, D. Mono-opisthodelphic gonad without anterior uterine sac, F. Vulval
region in enlarged form showing complete absence of anterior uterine sac,
F. Tail end.
5.1.7. Indodorylaimus baqrii sp. n.

(Figure 7, A - E and 7A, A - E; Plate - 8)
Females: Body moderate to strongly ventrally curved, particularly in posterior
portion, tapering slightly anterior to the pharyngeal base. Cuticular striations and body
pores indistinct. Cuticle 2.45pm (1.22 - 2.45pm) at mid body and 4.9pm (3.67 -
7.0pm) thick on tail.
moderately sclerotized, 4.9pm high and 11pm (8.5 - 11.0pm) wide, lips
amalgamated. Amphids cup-shaped, 3.9 - 4.9pm from anterior end. Odontostyle 1.4
(1.1 - 1.7) lip region-widths long, its aperture distinct, 1/3.1 (1/2.6 - 1/3.7) or 31.6%
(26.66 - 37.5%) of the odontostyle length. Odontophore rod-like, 1.1 (0.9 - 1.4) times
the odontostyle length. Guiding ring 12.0pm (7.84 - 12.0pm) from anterior end.
Nerve ring at 130pm (96 - 130pm) from anterior end. Expanded part of pharynx
occupying 44.11% (38.56 - 45.28%) of the pharyngeal length. Cardia conoid to
rounded, 9.8pm (7.3 - 14.5pm) long. Glandularium 80.0% (80.0 - 97.7%) of
eylindrus. Positions of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 66.93% (57.72 - 66.93%);
ASi = 49.9% (36.0 - 53.3%); AS2 = 54.4% (38.4 - 58.2%); PS, = 72.5% (56.0 -
77.6%); PS2 - 77.1% (58.4 - 79.5%)
Vulva pre-equatorial in position. Vagina 1/2.6 (1/1.8 - 1/2.7) of the
corresponding body width. Reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic, anterior
genital branch reduced to a small sac, 0.61 (0.44 - 1.0) vulval body-width long.
Posterior genital branch normal and well developed. Ovary reflexed, 83.0pm (56.0 -
127.4pm) long. Sperms absent in both branches. Intra-uterine eggs present in the
posterior branch in two specimens, measuring 27pm x 127 - 130pm.
Prerectum 2.5 (2.0 - 3.3), rectum 1.3 (0.9 - 1.4) anal body diameter long. Tail
elongated, uniformly attenuated from anus to a finely rounded terminus, 10.9 (7.0 -
Male: Not found.

Type Habitat and Locality: Two different populations collected from the soil around
the roots of guava (at Mistripara (Holotype), Chandokhali & Dhapdhapi (West) on 27.
07. 2005) and from Litchi (at Shalipur (West) & Madhyam kalyanpur on 24. 04. 04 &
13. 12.04 respectively) from Baruipur block.
Table 6. Morphometric data on female Indodorylaimus baqrii sp. n. (All

Holotype Paratype females (26)

Characters female Min Max Mean ±SD SE
L 1.64 1.4 1.58 1.51 0.05 0.01
a 37.36 30.89 48.93 40.76 4.9 1.36
b 5.3 4.92 5.46 5.17 0.17 0.05
c 6.52 5.89 9.23 6.57 0.86 0.24
d 10.9 8.0 13.0 10.85 1.28 0.35
V% 33.51 31.51 34.73 33.07 0.81 0.22
Gi% 1.64 1.26 2.53 1.82 0.41 0.12
G2% 13.38 10.88 24.65 14.39 4.20 1.27
Maximum body width 44.0 32.0 44.0 37.86 4 1.15
Glandularium 108.0 101.0 126.0 116.68 8 2.83
Length of cardia 9.8 7.3 14.0 10.81 2.33 0.82
Length of anterior uterine
sac 27.0 19.6 37.0 27.67 5.69 1.64
Vaginal length 16.66 14.7 19.6 16.87 1.4 0.44
Tail length 252.0 155.0 257.0 233.19 26.98 7.48
Anal body width 23.0 19.6 24.0 21.67 1.44 0.4
Length of rectum 32.0 19.6 32.0 27.05 3.41 1.03
30 jim
Figure 7. Indodoryiaimus baqrii sp. n. Female: A. Anterior end, B. Part of

pharynx, oesophago-intestinal junction & cardia, C. Mono-opisthodelphic
reproductive system with anterior uterine sac, D. Entire body, E. Tail end.
(Variation of another female specimen shown in Figure 7A).
Figure 7A. Indodorylaimus baqrii n. sp. Another female showing variation

in body shape: A. Entire body, B. Anterior end showing cephalic region,
amphid & Odontostyle, C. Variation in shape of cardia, D. Mono -
opisthodelphic reproductive system with anterior uterine sac, E. Tail.
Plate 8. Photomicrographs of Indodorylaimus baqrii sp. n. Female: A. Entire body,

B. Anterior end, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction and cardia, D. Tail, E. Vulva &
anterior uterine sac, F. Mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system with anterior uterine
sac.
Morphological differences of another female: G. Cardia, H. Tail, I. Entire Body
shape.
Type Specimens: Holotype registration number WN 1025 along with 6 paratypes on
the same slide. Paratype registration numbers WN 1026 (8 $) and WN 1027 (2 $),
WN 1028 (6 $) WN 1029 (1 ?) and WN 1030 (3 $), deposited in the National
Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Dr. Q. H.
Baqri.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Indodorylciimus baqrii sp. n. is

distinguished by the absence of males from all other species of the genus. Further it
differs from other species of Indodorylaimus in having longer body except I.
kanhobia Thomber et al, 1980 (in all other species body length ranges from 0.96 -
1.4mm; in I. kanhobia, L = 1.5 - 1.8mm in females). Although some body ratios of
the new species overlap with those of I. kanhobia, it differs in having comparatively
smaller body, shorter odontostyle and greater d-value (odontostyle = 18 - 20pm; d =
8 — 9 in /. kanhobia).
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: Although females are equally common in the
genus Indodorylaimus (Andrassy, 1987), yet the morphological characters of the
present specimens, particularly, the moderately sclerotized labial frame work and
mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system strongly support their placement under the
genus Indodorylaimus, even without males. So, both the proposed new species have
been characterized by the absence of males.
The representatives of Indodorylaimus are predominant in India. Among six
valid species, including these two new species, five species have been described from
India, only one from South Africa and was reported from no where else in the world.
This is the first report of the genus from West Bengal.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF INDODORYLAIMUS ALI AND PRABHA, 1974

1. Males present; anterior uterine sac always present.................................................. 2
— Males absent; anterior uterine sac either present or absent........................................5
2. Anterior uterine sac well developed, 2-3 times or more as long as corresponding
body widths............................................................................................................. 3
- Anterior uterine sac reduced, shorter than half of the corresponding body width.....4
3. Odontostyle 15 - 17pm; Vulva towards anterior end (V = 33 - 36); males with 4
ventromedian supplements........Indodorylaimus saccatus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1984
- Odontostyle 12 - 13 pm; Vulva further back (V = 40 - 44); males with 1-2
ventromedian supplements...........................................I. africanus Andrassy, 1987
4. Body shorter (L = 0.9 - 1.2mm); odontostyle 12 - 13pm; males with 4
ventromedian supplements...............I. elogatus (Ali & Prabha, 1974) Baqri, 1982
- Body longer (L = 1.4 - 1.8mm); odontostyle 18 - 20pm; males without
ventromedian supplements..............I. kanhobia Thomber, Joshi & Farooqui, 1980
5. Anterior uterine sac completely absent; odontostyle 11.76 - 14.7pm long...............
........................................................................................................ I. mannai sp. n.
- Anterior uterine sac reduced, 0.44 - 1.0 vulval body-width long; odontostyle 13.72
- 16.66pm long..................................................................................I. baqrii sp. n.
GENUS COOMANSINEMOIDES GEN. N.

Diagnosis: Thomenematinae. Medium sized nematode (L = 0.87 - 1.17mm). Body
slightly ventrally curved upon fixation, posterior end of males strongly ventrally
curved. Cuticle thick at anterior portion and on tail with very fine transverse
striations. Lip region amalgamated, truncate, and continuous with body with moderate
sclerotisation. Amphids stirrup-shaped. Guiding ring ‘double’. Odontostyle straight,
moderately developed, not massive or wide, thickened dorsally and at tip, aperture
distinct, more than one-third of the odontostyle length. Odontophore rod-like.
Expanded part of pharynx 38.2 - 41.8% of pharyngeal length. Dorsal pharyngeal
gland nucleus very prominent, placed near the beginning of cylindrus. PSi and PS2
anteriorly placed from the base of pharynx. Cardia conoid. Female reproductive
system amphidelphic, both genital branches well developed and functional. Sperms
present in both branches of gonad. Vulva transverse. Vagina with moderate distal
sclerotisation. Males with usual structures with dorylaimoid spicules. Supplements
consist of 10 - 13 ventromedians arranged in a regularly spaced series and an adanal
pair. Tail dissimilar in sexes. Female tail short, convex-conoid ending in a straight,
abruptly narrow, finely rounded spike-like terminus. Male tail short with rounded
terminus.
Type and only species: Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n.
Relationship: Moderate labial sclerotisation and position of second pair of

pharyngeal gland nuclei (PSi and PS2) strongly support the inclusion of
Coomansinemoides gen. n. in sub family Thomenematinae Siddiqi, 1969. The new
genus is characterized by moderate labial sclerotisation, double guiding ring,
amphidelphie reproductive system, narrow odontostyle with wide aperture, dissimilar
tail shape in female and male. The new genus differs from all other short tailed-genera
with amphidelphie reproductive system under Thoenenematinae in having ‘double’
guiding ring and unique tail shape in female. Although Coomansinemoides gen. n.
comes closer to Coomansinema Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1989, it differs in having labial
sclerotisation, smaller and narrow odontostyle, smaller expanded part of pharynx and
in having different shape of female tail [in Coomansinema labial sclerotisation
completely absent; odonstyle massive (21 - 22pm) and wide; expanded part of
pharynx = 45 - 46%; female tail convex-conoid or cylindroid, broadly rounded with a
short to long projection as emended by Dhanam and Jairajpuri (2002)].
Etymology: As the new genus has resemblance with the genus Coomansinema
(Greek eidos = shape, like).
5.1.8. Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n.

(Figure 8, A -1; Plate - 9)
Females: Body slightly ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle with very fine
transverse striation, 2.4pm (1.2 - 3.6pm) thick at the level of odontostyle, 1.2pm (1.2
- 2.4pm) at mid body and 3.0pm (2.4 - 4.9pm) thick on tail.
Lip region continuous, truncate, lips amalgamated, minutely narrower than
adjoining body, 10.7pm (9.8 - 14.7pm) wide and 3.9pm (2.9 - 3.9pm) high with
moderate labial sclerotisation. Amphids stirrup-shaped, 4.9pm (2.9 - 4.9pm) from
anterior end. Odontostyle straight with normal built, not massive, thickened dorsally
and at tip, 2.94pm (1.96 - 2.94pm) wide and 1.09 (0.93 - 1.19) lip region-width long,
its aperture 4.9pm (3.9 - 4,9pm) or more than one-third of odontostyle length.
Odontophore rod-like, 1.67 (1.06 - 1.67) times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring
‘double’, 7.84p.m (6.86 - 7.84pm) or 0.45 - 0.73 lip region-width from anterior end.
Nerve ring at 99pm from anterior end Expanded portion of pharynx 38.35% (38.2 -
41.8%) of the total pharyngeal length. Cardia rounded to conoid. Glandularium 78.4%
(76.1 - 85.5%) of the cylindrus. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei very prominent near
the beginning of cylindrus. Locations of pharyngeal gland nuclei are:
D = 64.33 (65.45 - 69.47%); AS, = 28.73% (27.39 - 41.25%); AS2 = 36.25%
(24.39 - 46.25%); PS, = 70% (43.9 - 71.25%); PS2 = 73.75% (48.78 - 75%)
Vulva post equatorial, transverse. Vagina with moderate distal sclerotisation,
its average length about half of the corresponding body width (length of pars
proximalis vagina = 8.82 - 12.74pm, pars refringens = 2.0 - 3.92pm and pars distalis
= 1.96 - 2.94pm). Reproductive system amphidelphic, both the genital branches
equally developed with sperms in side both of the uteri. Well developed sphincter
present at uterus-oviduct junction. Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 78.4pm (66.1 -
80.8pm) and posterior ovary 80.8pm (66.1 - 80.8pm) long.
Prerectum 5.56 (4.48 - 7.64) and rectum 1.54 (1.25 - 1.54) anal body widths
long. Tail 1.6 (1.5 - 1.87) anal body diameters long, short, convex-conoid, ending in a
straight abruptly narrow, finely rounded to pointed spike-like terminus.
Males: Similar to females in general morphology except well pronounced ventral

curvature in posterior end in different tail shape. Spicules dorylaimoid, 1.47-1.8 anal
body widths long. Supplements consist of 10 - 13 ventromedians in a regularly
spaced series and an adanal pair. Prerectum 5.0 - 7.39 anal body widths long. Tail
short, 0.8 - 1.0 anal body widths long ending in a rounded terminus with slight
depression on ventral side.
Type Habitat and Locality: Collected from the soil around the roots of guava at
Baikunthapur, Baruipur block on 13.12. 2004.
Type Specimens: Holotype registration number WN 1032 along with 1 female
paratype on the same slide. Paratype registration numbers WN 1033 (1$) and WN
1034 (1$), WN 1035 (2$), 1036 (5S), deposited in the National Zoological
Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Prof.
Wasim Ahmad, Dept, of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University.
A,B
C, D, G, H, I
D 30 Jim
----- E,F
Figure 8. Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n. Female: A. Entire body,

C. Anterior end showing pharynx and pharyngeal gland nuclei, D. Tail end,
E. Odontostylet, F. Amphid, G. Oesophago-intestinal junction & cardia, H.
Reproductive system.
Male: B. Entire body, I. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements>
spicules & tail.
Plate 9. Photomicrographs of Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n.

Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior end, D. Oesophago-intestinal junction, E.
Reproductive system, F. Vulva, G. Tail end.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Spicules and ventromedian supplements, I. Tail end.

Table 7. Morphometric data on female Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n.

(All measurements are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of
paratypes examined given in the parenthesis)
Holotype Paratv pe females (4)

L 1.09 0.98 1.17 1.05 0.08 0.04
a 33.03 29.84 34.28 31.92 1.83 0.91
b 4.16 3.9 4.36 4.16 0.19 0.09
c 29.65 27.34 32.0 29.7 2.08 1.04
d 1.6 1.5 1.87 1.66 0.15 0.07
V% 54.17 53.38 55.68 54.52 1.23 0.61
Gi% 22.9 21.47 25.52 23.81 1.87 0.93
g2% 24.03 21.25 26.32 24.11 2.28 1.14
Odontostyie length 11.76 10.78 13.72 12.25 1.26 0.63
Odontostyie aperture 4.9 3.92 4.9 4.41 0.56 0.28
Odontostyie width 2.94 1.96 2.94 2.32 0.47 0.23
Pharyngeal length 262.0 240.0 269.5 253 12.25 6.12
Length of Glandularium 78.4 78.4 87.2 81.8 3.8 1.89
Vaginal length 19.6 14.7 16.66 15.41 0.93 0.46
Tail length 36.75 34.3 36.75 35.525 1.41 0.7
Anal body width 22.0 19.6 24.5 21.43 2.12 1.06
Length of rectum 34.0 24.5 37.0 30.75 5.2 2.6
Key to the genera of sub family Thornenematinae Siddiqi, 1969

1. Female reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic........................................................2
- Female reproductive system amphidelphic.....................................................................6
2. Female tail short, rounded................................................................................................ 3
- Female tail elongate-conoid to long filiform................................................................ 4
3. Labial and post labial sclerotisation present............Sclerolabia Cabonell et al., 1985
- Labial and post labial sclerotisation absent...................... Willinema Baqri et al. 1967
Table 8. Morphometric data on male Coomansinemoides wasimi gen. n., sp. n

Parat'/pe males (12)

L 0.87 1.09 1.0 0.08 0.04
a 31.32 37.92 35.16 2.49 1.11
b 4.02 4.75 4.38 0.3 0.14
c 44.54 55.86 50.78 4.68 2.09
d 0.8 1.0 0.86 0.08 0.04
T% 40.5 61.45 52.91 7.69 3.44
Odontostyle length 11.76 14.7 12.34 1.31 0.58
Odontophore length 15.68 19.6 17.83 1.75 0.78
Odontostyle aperture 3.92 4.9 4.31 0.54 0.24
Odontostyle width 1.96 1.96 1.96 0 0
Body width below head 14.7 14.7 14.7 0 0
Body width at neck base 24.5 29.5 26.5 2.09 0.93
Expanded part of pharynx 83.3 98.0 91.6 5.88 2.63
Length of Glandularium 71.5 78.4 76.17 3.15 1.57
Tail length 18.5 22.0 19.86 1.28 0.58
Anal body width 22.0 24.5 23 1.05 0.47
Length of prerectum 122.5 171.5 153.32 19.55 8.74
Length of rectum 32.0 37.0 34.2 1.78 0.8
Testis length 397.0 612.5 531.67 80.36 35.93
Length of Spicules 34.3 44.1 39.2 3.46 1.55
V. M. supplements 11 14 12 1.22 0.54
4. Tail similar in sexes, elongate conoid............... Indodorylaimus Ali & Prabha, 1974
- Tail dissimilar in sexes, elongate conoid to long filiform in females and short
conoid in males................................................................................................ . 5
5. Odontostyle broad with wide lumen and aperture; labial sclerotisation absent.........
.........................................................Opisthodorylaimus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
- Odontostyle narrow; labial sclerotisation present.......Thornenema Andrassy, 1959
6. Female tail short with narrow projection, dissimilar in sexes...................................7
- Female tail short, rounded to long, filiform, similar in sexes where male known... .8
7. Odontostyle massive and broad; labial sclerotisation absent......................................
...............................................................Coomansinema Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1989
— Odontostyle not massive, narrow; moderate labial sclerotisation present................
......................................................................................... Coomasinemoides gen. n.
8. Cheilorhabdions strongly sclerotized forming chamber-like structure.....................
.................................................................................................................................9
- Cheilorhabdions sclerotized without forming chamber-like structure...................10
9. Guiding ring single, plicated; tail short, bluntly rounded..........................................
...........................................................................Silvallis Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1986
- Guiding ring ‘double’; tail long, filiform............................. Fuscheila Siddiqi, 1982
10. Female tale short and rounded.......................................... Timminema Khan, 1978
- Female tail long and filiform......... ................................... Sicaguttur Siddiqi, 1971
5.1.9. Aporcelaimellus amylovorus (Thorne and Swanger, 1936)

Heyns, 1965
(Figure 9, A - F)
Number of females collected: 03; Number of male collected: 0
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.97 - 2.21mm; a = 26.73 - 30.06; b = 3.78-4.19; c = 52.6 - 57.3; d = 0.84 -
0.95; V = 51.22 - 51.69%; Gi - 14.87 - 24.31%; G2 = 15.98 - 22.56%; odontostyle =
20.5 - 24.5pm; odontostyle width = 4.9pm; odontostyle aperture = 10.78 - 13.5pm;
odontophore = 39.2 - 43.0pm; maximum body width = 66 - 78pm, length of pharynx =
519.5 - 527.0pm; body width at neck base = 62.5 - 68.5pm; body width at vulva =
66.0 - 78.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 257.0 - 274.5pm; glandularium = 217.56
- 223.5pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 1022- 1139pm; length of anterior
gonad = 294.0 - 507.0pm; length of posterior gonad = 316.0 - 355.2pm; prerectum =
196.0 - 250.0pm; rectum = 37.0 - 51.5pm; tail length = 34.5 - 42.0pm; anal body
diameter = 39.0 - 44.0pm.
Description:
Females: Body ventrally curved on fixation, slightly tapering towards anterior end.
Cuticle thick at anterior and posterior ends; its thickness 3.5 - 5.0pm at the level of
odontostyle, 2.5 - 3.5pm at mid body and 3.5 - 5.0pm on tail.
Lip region set off by deep constriction, slightly wider than adjoining body,
7.0pm high, and 17.0 - 19.5pm wide or 1/3.5 of the body-width at neck base.
Amphids stirrup shaped, their apertures occupying about half of the lip width.
Odontostyle 1.05 - 1.5 lip region-widths long, aperture distinct and large,
about 52 - 55% of its length. Guiding ring not clear, at 10 - 11pm from anterior end.
Odontophore rod-like, about 1.6 - 1.7 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 164
- 169pm from anterior end. Expanded portion of pharynx 49 - 52% of the total
pharyngeal length. Well developed cardiac disc present, cardia elongated. The
positions of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 57.72 - 58.76 %; ASi = 26.30 -
31.53%; AS2 = 38.28-40.34%; PS, = 69.81 - 71.03%; PS2 = 75.41 -78.82%
Vulva almost equatorial or slightly post-equatorial. Vagina distally sclerotized,
21.5 - 24.5pm long (pars proximalis vagina 12.74 - 14.7pm, pars refringens 4.9 -
6.0pm and pars distalis 3.67 - 3.92pm long) or about one-third about the
corresponding body width. Female reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
reflexed, anterior ovary 122.5 - 247.0pm and posterior ovary 122.5 - 205.8pm long.
One specimen containing one intra-uterine egg in each branch of gonad, the egg in the
anterior branch of gonad measuring 108pm x 41pm and that in the posterior one
115pmx 41pm.
Prerectum about 4-7 and rectum about one anal body-widths long. Tail short,
less than one anal body width, convex both dorsally and ventrally, ending in a
rounded terminus.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Mograhat on
09. 06.2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982) first reported the male
and female of Aporcelaimellus amylovorus from Himachal Pradesh, India from the
soil around the roots of apricot (Primus armeniaca L.). They reported the females
with longer odontostyle measuring 22 - 23pm (20pm in type specimen) which agrees
well with the present specimens. Females of the present specimens are also very close
to those described by Thome and Swanger (1936) except the lesser value of ‘c’ (c =
67 in type specimen). This is the first report of the species from West Bengal.
Figure 9. Aporcelaimellus amylovorus. Female: A. Entire body, B & F.

Anterior end showing odontostyle & amphid, C. Tail, D. Oesophago -
intestinal junction & cardia, E. Reproductive system.
5.1.10. Aporcelaimellus Baqrii Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982
(Figure 10, A - E and 10A, F -1)

Measurements:
Females : L= 1.86- 2.43mm; a = 25,88 - 38.37; b =3.58 - 4.47; c = 59.38 - 71.77; d = 0.57
- 0.88; V = 48.18 - 58.84%; Gi =9.11 - 21.36%; G2 = 11.16 - 22.75%; odontostyle =
20.58 - 24.5pm; odontostyle aperture = 10.78 - 12.744{j.m; odontophore = 27.44 -
37.24pm; maximum body width = 50.5 - 78.0jjm, length of pharynx = 495 - 581pm;
body width at neck base = 49 - 71 pm; body width at vulva = 50.5 - 78.0pm; expanded
part of pharynx = 267 - 313pm; glandularium = 235.0 - 262.6jj.rn; distance of vulva
from anterior end = 941 - 1240pm; length of anterior gonad = 184 - 409jj.m; length of
posterior gonad = 225.4 - 441.0jjm; prerectum = 51.5 - 107.0jj.rn; rectum = 31.85 -
49.0jjm; tail length = 27 - 39jim; anal body diameter = 33 - 59jjm.
Males: L = 1.86 - 1.93mm; a = 31.77 - 38.06; b = 3.76 - 3.84; c =63.43 - 71.77; d = 0.84 -
0.92; T = 52.21 - 57.80%; odontostyle = 22.5 - 23.5jim; odontostyle aperture =
11.5jjm; odontophore = 35.0 - 36.0jim; maximum body width = 49.0 - 61 .Ojjm; length
of pharynx = 485.0 - 514.5jjm; body width at neck base = 49.0 - 58.8jjm; expanded
part of pharynx = 245.0 - 269.5jjm; prerectum = 98.0 - 122.5jim; tail length = 27.0 -
29.5jxm; anal body diameter = 31.85jim.; length of testis = 1012.0 - 1078.0pm;
spicule length = 54.0 - 56.5jim; lateral guiding piece = 12.0 - 15.0jjm; Number of
Ventromedian supplements = 11-12.
Description:
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, the posterior portion in particular, slightly
tapering towards anterior end. Cuticle finely striated, 3.5 - 4.9pm thick at the level of
odontostyle, 2.5 - 5.0pm at mid body and 5.0 - 9.0pm on tail. Lateral, dorsal and
ventral body pores indistinct.
Lip region clearly set off by constriction, slightly wider than adjoining body,
16.0 - 21.5pm wide or about one-third of body width at neck base, 6 .5 - 9.8pm high.
Amphids stirrup-shaped.
Figure 10. Aporcelaimellus baqrii. Female: A. Entire body, C & D.

Oesophago-intestinal junction showing differences in shape of cardia, E.
Anterior end.
Male: B. Entire body.

so
F, G, H, I
Figure 10 A. Aporcelaimellus baqrii. Female: F & G. Difference in tail shape,

L Reproductive system.
Male: H. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements and spicule and

tail.
Odontostyle 1.1 - 1.5 lip region-widths long, its aperture 48.0 - 53.5% of
odontostyle length. Guiding ring 10 - 12pm from anterior end. Odontophore rod-like,
1.2 - 1.6 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 139.5 - 174.0pm from anterior
end. Expanded part of pharynx 51 - 56% of the pharyngeal length. Cardiac disc
present, cardia rounded to conoid, 10.0 - 19.5pm long. The positions of pharyngeal
gland nuclei are: D = 63.38 - 69.14%; AS| = 31.23 - 40.83%; AS? = 34.35 -
45.28%; PS, = 53.88 - 68.9%; PS2 = 58.5 - 72.73%
Vulva transverse, slightly pre-equatorial to post-equatorial. Vagina 15 -27pm
or about half to one-fourth of the corresponding body width (length of pars
proximalis vagina 13.7 - 17.6pm, para refringens 4.9 - 6.8pm and pars distalis 2.0 -
3.9pm), distally sclerotized. Female reproductive system amphidelphic, both ovaries
reflexed. One specimen with an intra-uterine egg measuring 120pm x 54pm.
Prerectum 1.0 - 3.1 and rectum more or less one anal body-width long. Tail
short, 0.6 - 0.88 anal body-width long, dorsally and ventrally convex ending in a
bluntly conoid to hemispheroid terminus.
Male: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Testes
outstretched. Supplements consist of an adanal pair and 10-11 irregularly spaced
ventromedians. Spicules 1.69 - 1.77 anal body diameter long. Lateral guiding piece
1/3.7 - 1/4.5 of spicule length. Prerectum 3.11 - 3.84 anal body widths long. Tail
short with rounded terminus, 0.84 - 0.92 anal body widths long.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Sonarpur and
Baruipur block on 18. 05. 2005, 27. 07. 2005 & 23. 09. 2005 and from that of litchi at
Joynagar at 11. 07. 2007
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982) described this species
from soil around the roots of mosses and ferns from Uttar Predesh, India. Females of
the present population agree well with those except in having slightly shorter
odontostyle and longer prerectum (odontostyle = 24 - 26pm and prerectun = 45 -
67pm in the female paratypes). They described A. baqrii based on a single male
paratype. Some measurements in males, although come closer, differ from the present
male specimens because no minimum-maximum range of body dimensions of male
paratype has been provided due to single female (a = 29; c = 58; prerectum = 65pm;
spicules = 63pm; ventro median supplements = 12 in the male paratype). This is the
first report of the species from West Bengal.
5.1.11. Aporcelaimellus chauhani Baqri and Khera, 1975

(Figure 11, A-I)
Number of male collected: 01
Number ofjuvenile collected: 01
Measurements:
Females: L = 1.28 -1.92mm; a =23.83 - 33.76; b = 3.56 - 4.24; c = 28 - 34; o' = 1.44 - 2.18;
V = 49.61 - 53.9%; Gi = 15.48 - 22.79%; G2 = 15.48 - 25.73%; odontostyle = 19.5 -
22.5pm; odontostyle width = 2.5 - 3.92pm; odontostyle aperture = 7.84 - 9.8pm;
odontophore = 31.5 - 34.0pm; maximum body width = 46.5 - 63.7pm, length of
pharynx = 343 - 453pm; body width at neck base = 42.5 - 56.5pm; body width at
vulva = 46.5 - 62.5pm; expanded part of pharynx = 154.35 - 196.0pm; glandularium
= 125.5 - 144.5pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 674 - 1036pm; length of
anterior gonad = 240.0 - 372.5pm; length of posterior gonad = 240 - 404pm;
prerectum = 37 - 83pm; rectum = 29.5 - 41.5pm; tail length = 42 - 61pm; anal body
Male: L = 0.80mm; a = 27.79; b = 3.42; c = 27.79; d = 1.18; T = 54.40%; odontostyle =
16.66pm; odontostyle aperture = 7.84pm; odontophore = 18.5pm; maximum body
width = 29.0pm; length of pharynx = 235.0pm; body width at neck base = 29.0pm;
expanded part of pharynx = 110.25pm; prerectum = 44.0pm; tail length = 29.0pm;
anal body diameter = 24.5pm.; length of testis = 438.5pm; spicule length = 27.5pm;
Number of Ventromedian supplements = 9.
Juvenile: L = 0.85mm; a = 26.81; b = 3.43; c = 17.5; d = 2.51; odontostyle = 14.5pm;

replacing odontostyle = 14.5pm; odontostyle aperture = 6.86pm; odontophore =
19.6pm; maximum body width = 32.0pm; length of pharynx = 250.0pm; expanded part
of pharynx = 117.6pm; body width at neck base = 29.0pm; prerectum = 32.0pm;
rectum = 22.0pm; tail length = 49.0pm; anal body diameter = 19.5pm.

Description:
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, gradually tapering towards anterior end.
Cuticle finely striated, 1.22 - 2.5pm thick at the level of odontostyle, 2.5pm at mid
body and 3.67 - 5.0pm on tail. Body pores indistinct.
Lip region distinctly set off from body by deep constriction, slightly wider
than adjoining body, 15.0 - 17.0pm wide and 6.0 - 7.35pm high. Amphids stirrup
shaped, at 8.0 - 9.0pm from the anterior end.
Odontostyle 1.2 - 1.46 lip region widths long. Guiding ring indistinct 9.0 -
14.5pm from anterior end. Odontophore 1.5 - 1.69 times the odontostyle length.
Nerve ring at 120.0 - 127.0pm from anterior end. Expanded portion of pharynx 44.5
- 47.0% of the pharyngeal length. Cardiac disc present, Cardia 14.7pm long, elongate
conoid with finely rounded terminus. The positions of the pharyngeal gland nuclei
are: D = 63.38 - 69.14%; AS, = 31.23 - 40.83%; AS2 = 34.35 - 45.28%;
PSi = 53.88 - 68.9%; PS2 = 58.5 - 72.73%
Vulva transverse, almost equatorial to slightly post-equatorial. Vagina 18.0 -
24.5pm long or about half to one-third of the corresponding body width (length of
pars proximalis vagina 10.0 - 14.5pm, jws refringens 5.0 - 6.0pm and pars distalis
3.0 - 5.0pm), distally sclerotized. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries
reflexed and long, anterior ovary 88.0 - 159.0pm and posterior ovary 86.0 - 159.0pm
long. Two specimens containing intra-uterine eggs in anterior branch of gonad
measuring 32 - 33pm x 76pm and one specimen in the posterior branch measuring
33pm x 73.5pm.
Prerectum 1.27 - 1.86 and rectum 1.01 - 1.17 anal body-widths long. Tail
1.44 - 2.18 anal body widths long, ventrally convex-conoid with slight dorsal
concavity towards extremity ending in a sub-acute to acute terminus.
Male: Similar in general morphology and most of the body ratios with those of
females except much shorter body length and the following features. Lip region
12.25pm wide and 4.9pm high. Amphids at 5.8pm from anterior end. Odontophore
shorter, 1.11 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 86.0pm from anterior end.
Testes outstretched. Supplements consist of an adanal pair and eight regularly placed
ventromedians. Spicules small, slightly arcuate, 1.12 anal body widths long. Tail 1.18
anal body widths long, with slight dorsal concavity towards extremity, ending in a
subacute or finely rounded terminus.
A,B
C, D, E, F, G, H —
Figure 11. Aporcelaimellus chauhani. Female: A. Entire body, E. Expanded

part of pharynx showing gland nuclei and catdia, F. Tail end, G & H. Repro
ductive system & intra-uterine egg, I. Anterior end.
Male: B. Entire body, D. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements,
spicule & tail. Juvenile: C. Tail end.
Juvenile: General body shape similar with those of adult females. Lip region 9.8pm
wide and 6.0pm high. Both odontostyle and replacing odontostyle 1.45 lip region-
width long, aperture 45.45% of the odontostyle length. Odontophore 1.34 times the
odontostyle length. Tail shape and terminus exactly as that of females, 2.51 anal
body-widths long.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Kamrabad,
Sonarpur block on 27. 07. 2005 and from guava at Dakshin Khodar para, Joynagar
block and at Natun para and Dhapdhapi of Baruipur block on 18. 05. 2005 and 23. 09.
2005 respectively.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present female specimens are in well
conformity with those described by Baqri and Khera (1975) from soil around the roots
of banana from Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India except in having sub-acute to
acute tail tip, slightly longer odontostyle and tail (odontostyle = 17 - 20pm, tail = 34
- 45pm with sub-acute terminus).The sub-acute tail of female paratypes agrees well
with the tail of single male of the present specimen. Jana and Baqri (1981a) reported
this species with its first male from the soils of ladies finger (Hibiscus esculentus)
from Hooghly district, West Bengal. This is the first report of the species from South
24-Parganas district.
5.1.12. Aporcelaimellus coomansi Baqri and Khera, 1975

(Figure 12, A - G)
Measurements:
Females: L = 2.04 - 2.28mm; a = 40.51 - 43.57; b = 4.13 - 4.36; c = 40.51 - 45.79; o' = 1.44
- 1.77; V = 52.95-55.27%; Gi =11.05-15.21%; G2 = 11.7-19.74%; odontostyle =
14.7 - 17.64pm; odontostyle width = 2.94 - 3.92pm; odontostyle aperture = 8.82 -
9.8pm; odontophore = 27.44 - 29.0pm; maximum body width = 49 - 54pm, length of
pharynx = 490 - 534pm; body width at neck base = 46.5 - 51.5pm; body width at
vulva = 49 - 54pm; expanded part of pharynx = 284 - 308pm; distance of vulva from
anterior end = 1132 - 1240pm; vaginal length = 20.5 - 22.5; length of anterior gonad =
248 - 333pm; length of posterior gonad = 267 - 443pm; prerectum = 96 - 216pm;
rectum = 29 - 37pm; tail length = 49.0 - 56.3pm; anal body diameter = 29 - 34pm.
Description:
Female: Body slightly ventrally curved on fixation, tapering towards anterior end.
Cuticle with striations, 2.45pm thick at the level of odontostyle, 2.5pm at mid body,
5.0 - 6.0pm on tail and thickest on tail on tail tip being 13.0pm. Dorsal and ventral
body pores present.
Lip region set off by constriction, slightly wider than adjoining body; 4.9pm
high, 14.7pm wide or about 1/3.5 of body widths at neck base. Amphids stirrup
shaped, 5.0pm from anterior end.
odontostyle length. Guiding ring at 6 - 7pm from anterior end. Odontophore rod-like,
1.55 - 1.87 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 125.0 - 137.0pm from anterior
end. Expanded portion of pharynx occupying 55 - 59% of total pharyngeal length.
Thin oesophago-intestinal disc present. Cardia hemispheroid, tongue-shaped.
Pharyngeal gland nuclei not visible.
Vulva transverse, slightly post-equatorial. Vagina about 1/2.5 corresponding
body-widths long (length of pars proximalis vagina 11.7 — 14.7pm, pars refringens
3.9 - 4.9pm and pars distalis 4.9 - 5.8pm); very lightly sclerotized distally.
Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 68.6 - 135.0pm
and posterior ovary 81.0 - 174.0pm long. One specimen with an intra-uterine egg in
the posterior branch of gonad measuring 83 x 32pm.
short, convex-conoid with rounded terminus, 1.60 - 1.64 anal body-widths long, with
two caudal pores on each side.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi from Baruipur
and Joynagar block on 27.07.2005 and 23. 09.2005 respectively.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Baqri and Khera (1975) described the species from
soil around the roots of banana from Daijeeling district, West Bengal, India. Further,
Jana and Baqri (1981a) reported the species form same habitat and locality. Then after
Ahmad (1995) recorded this species along with its first report of male from soil
around the roots of wild tree at Silent Valley, Kerala, India. Andrassy (2001)
transferred the species to the genus Metaporcelaimellus Lordello, 1965. This is the
first report of the species from South 24-Parganas
Figure 12. Aporcelaimellus coomansi. Female: A. Anterior end, B & F.

Variation in cephalic region, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, D.
Posterior end, E. Reproductive system, G. Intra-uterine egg.
5.1.13. Aporcelaimellus indicus Baqri and Jairajpuri, 1968

(Figure 13, A - G)
Measurements:
Females : L = 2.31 - 2.77mm; a = 37.28 - 42.81; b = 3.85 - 4.15; c = 39.20 - 47.08; d = 1.34
-1.84; V = 54.80 - 56.15%; Gi = 11.24 -17.27%; G2 = 10.59 - 20.87%; odontostyle =
17.64 - 24.5pm; odontostyle aperture = 9.8 - 12.74pm; odontophore = 31.36 -
35.0pm; maximum body width = 54.0 - 74.5pm, length of pharynx = 600 - 669pm;
body width at neck base = 54.0 - 68.5pm; body width at vulva = 54 - 71 pm; expanded
part of pharynx = 301.35 - 392.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 1267.0 -
1560.5pm; vaginal length = 27 - 31pm; length of anterior gonad = 260 - 480pm;
length of posterior gonad = 245 - 580pm; prerectum = 117.5 - 159.0pm; rectum = 37
-56pm; tail length = 59pm; anal body diameter = 32 - 44pm.
Description:
Female: Body stout, cylindrical, slightly gradually tapering towards anterior end,
ventrally curved behind vulva in the posterior portion. Cuticle smooth, 2.45 - 4.9pm
thick at the level of odontostyle and at mid body, 6.0 - 9.8pm on tail and 17.0pm on
tail tip. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores not visible.
Lip region set off from body by depression, 7.35pm high, wider than adjoining
body, 17.15 - 23.0pm wide or about one-third of body width at neck base. Amphids
broad, stirrup-shaped, occupying 8.0 - 9.8pm or about two-fifth of the corresponding
body width, located at 8pm from anterior end. Odontostyle 1.02 - 1.06 lip region-
widths long, its aperture 52.0 - 55.55% of odontostyle length. Guiding ring not
clearly visible. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.42 - 1.77 times the odontostyle
length. Nerve ring at 139 - 193pm from anterior end. Expanded portion of pharynx
occupying about 50.0 - 58.5% of the pharyngeal length. Oesophago-intestinal disc
present, cardia hemispheroid or tongue-shaped.
Vulva post-equatorial. Vagina about half of the corresponding body-width
long, sclerotisation absent. Reproductive system amphidelphic, uterus and oviduct
distinctly separated by a sphincter in both anterior and posterior sexual branch.
Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 90.0 - 205.0pm and posterior ovary 81.0 - 284.0pm
long, oocytes arranged in a single row.
Figure 13. Aporcelaimellus indicus. Female: A. Entire body, B & C.

Oesophago - intestinal junction showing variation in shape of cardia, D &
E. Posterior end showing variation in tail shape, F. Reproductive system,
G. Anterior end.
1.34 - 1.84 anal body widths long, slightly ventrally arcuate, conoid with rounded
terminus.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava and litchi at
Dhapdhapi, Baruipur block on 27. 07. 2005.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present female specimens conform well with
those described by Baqri and Jairajpuri (1968) from soil around the roots of cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L) from Uttar Pradesh, India except in having longer
odontostyle, lesser value of a and b (odontostyle = 16pm; a = 49 - 50; b = 4.7 in type
specimens). Andrassy (2001) synonymised this species with Metaporcelaimellus
mombucae Lordello, 1965. This is the first report of the species from West Bengal.
5.1.14. Aporcelaimellus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Baqri and Khera,

1975
(Figure 14, A - G)
Number of female collected: 01; Number of male collected: 01; Number of
juvenile collected: 01
Measurements:
Females : L = 2.23mm; a = 45.51; b = 4.37; c = 69.68; d = 1.10; V = 60.53%; Gi = 24.48%; G2
= 25.48%; odontostyle = 17.64pm; odontostyle width = 4.41pm; odontostyle aperture
= 9.8 pm; odontophore = 39pm; maximum body width = 49pm, length of pharynx =
510pm; body width at neck base = 45pm; body width at vulva = 49pm; expanded part
of pharynx = 284.2pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 1350pm; vaginal length
= 26.5pm; length of anterior gonad = 546pm; length of posterior gonad = 568pm;
prerectum = 179pm; rectum = 32pm; tail = 32pm; anal body diameter = 29pm.
Males: L = 2.24mm; a = 41.55; b = 4.16; c = 70.12; d = 0.87; T = 60.07%; odontostyle =
20.5pm; odontostyle width = 4.5pm; odontostyle aperture = 11.76pm; odontophore =
41pm; maximum body width = 54pm; length of pharynx = 539pm; body width at neck
base = 54pm; expanded part of pharynx = 274.4pm; prerectum = 184pm; rectum =

Taxonoraic and Ecological Studies 101
37 pm; tail length = 32pm; anal body diameter = 36.75pm.; length of testis = 1348/am;
spicule length = 54.5pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 9
Juvenile: L = 1.59mm; a = 40.89; b = 3.61; c = 59.07; c; = 0.93; odontostyle = 18.5pm;
Odontostyle width = 3.92pm; replacing odontostyle = 19.6jj.m; odontostyle aperture =
10.78pm; odontophore = 36pm; maximum body width = 39pm; length of pharynx =
441 pm; expanded part of pharynx = 215.6p.rn; body width at neck base = 39pm;
prerectum = 71pm; rectum = 27pm; tail length = 27pm; anal body diameter = 29pm.
Description:
Female, Male and Juvenile: Body ventrally curved upon fixation, particularly the
posterior end of male. Cuticle 2.45pm in female and juvenile and 4.9pm in male at
the level of odontostyle, 2.45pm at mid body, 7.5pm on tail in male and female and
3.5pm in juvenile. Body pores indistinct.
Lips conspicuous distinctly set off by constriction; 4.9pm high and 15pm wide
in female, 7.0pm high and 18pm wide in male, 6.0pm high and 13.5pm wide in
juvenile, slightly wider than adjoining body, exactly one-third of the body width at
neck base in male and female. Amphids stirrup-shaped, at 5.0 - 7.84pm from anterior
end.
Odontostyle and odontophore shorter in female than in male. Odontostyle 1.17
lip region-widths long in female, 1.13 in male and 1.42 lip region-widths long in
juvenile; its aperture occupying 55.55 - 57.36% of odontostyle length. Replacing
odontostyle in juvenile 1.5 times the lip region. Guiding ring at 8.5 - 9.5pm from
anterior end. Odontophore 2.0 - 2.21 times the odontostyle length in male and female
and 1.94 times in juvenile. Nerve ring at 135.0pm in female, 149.5pm in male and
130.0pm in juvenile from anterior end. Expanded portion of pharynx 55.72% in
female, 51.19% in male and 48.88% in juvenile of the total pharyngeal length. Thin
oesophago-intestinal disc present, cardia 9.8pm and 12.0pm in male and female
respectively, conoid and tongue-shaped.
Female reproductive system amphidelphic. Vulva post-equatorial, vaginal
length more than half of the corresponding body width, with sclerotisation. Both
ovaries reflexed and long; anterior ovary 208pm and posterior ovary 245pm long.
Figure 14. Aporcelaimellus papillatus. Female: A. Entire body, C. Oesopha-

go-intestinal junction & cardia, E. Posterior branch of gonad, F. Tail end.
Male: B. Entire body, D. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements &

spicule
In male, testes opposed, anterior outstretched, posterior reflexed. Supplements
consist of an adanal pair and eight regularly spaced ventromedians; first pair comes
closer to the adanal pair. Spicules slightly arcuate, 1.48 anal body width long.
Prerectum 5.0 - 6.1 anal body-widths long in male and female and 2,44 in
juvenile. Rectum 1.0 - 1.1 anal body-widths long in all. Tail short, about one anal
body-width, convex-conoid with rounded tip in female and in juvenile. Male tail
almost hemispheroid, slightly arcuate ventrally.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Khanpara,
Baruipur block on 27. 07. 2005.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: This is the first record of the species from India.
The present specimens conform well to those described by Bastian (1865) under the
genus Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845 except the greater value of ‘a’ (a = 30 in female, 28
in male in the type specimen) Baqri and Khera (1975) transferred the species under
Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965.
5.1.15. Aporcelaimellus tritici (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1986

(Figure 15, A - G)
Measurements:
Females: L = 1.91 - 2.11mm; a = 25.63 - 43.20; b = 3.50 - 3.94; c = 54.62 - 75.22; d = 0.79
- 0.92; V = 45.77 = 53.21%; Gi = 10.29 -13.54%; G2 = 10.75 -13.5%; odontostyle =
18.62 - 23.5pm; odontostyle width = 3.92 - 4.41pm; odontostyle aperture = 8.82 -
11.75pm; odontophore = 20 - 36pm; maximum body width = 44 - 86pm; length of
pharynx = 505 - 598pm; body width at neck base = 44 - 81pm; body width at vulva =
44 - 83pm; expanded part of pharynx = 274 - 331 pm; glandularium = 240 - 257pm;
distance of vulva from anterior end = 955.5 - 1134.0pm; vaginal length = 14.74 -
30.5pm; length of anterior gonad = 208 - 294pm; length of posterior gonad = 247.0 -
269.5pm; prerectum = 49.0 - 98.0pm; rectum = 29.0 - 49.0pm; tail length = 27.0 -
39.2pm; anal body diameter = 34.0 -49.0pm.

Description:
Female: Body stout, ventrally curved upon fixation, slightly tapering towards anterior
end. Cuticle 3.5 - 4.9pm thick at the level of odontostyle, 3.5pm at mid body and
9.5pm on tail. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores not visible.
Lip region set off by constriction, 4.9 - 6.86pm high, slightly wider than
adjoining body, 15.5 -17.0pm wide or 1/2.6 - 1/4.7 of the body width at neck base.
Amphids stirrup-shaped, its aperture about half of the corresponding body width.
the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 147.0 - 166.0pm from the anterior end.
Expanded portion of pharynx occupying 51.02 - 55.0% of its total pharyngeal length.
Thin oesophago-intestinal disc present, cardia tongue-shaped, conoid, 19.6 - 22.0pm
long. The positions of pharyngeal gland nuclei: D = 47.97 - 54.12%; ASi = 21.73 -
24.09%; AS2 = 37.36 - 51.04%; PS, = 65.33 - 65.96%; PS2= 68.63 - 75.54%
Vulva transverse, slightly pre-equatorial to almost equatorial. Vagina 1/2.6 -
1/ 4.8 of the corresponding body-width long (length of pars proximalis vagina 7.84 -
19.6pm, pars refringens 4.9 - 5.8pm and pars distalis 2.0 - 4.9pm), moderately
sclerotized distally. Both ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 61 - 115pm and posterior
ovary 71.5 - 98.0pm long.
0.79 - 0.92 anal body-width long, convex-conoid with blunt or rounded terminus.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi and guava at
Natunpara (Baruipur block) and Dakshin Khodarpara (Joynagar block) on 27. 07.
2005 and 23. 09.2005 respectively.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: This is the first report of the species from India.
The present specimens conform well to those reported by Thome and Swanger (1936)
except in having greater range of ‘a’ value (a = 28 which is within the range of the
present specimens).
Figure 15. Aporcelaimellns tritici. Female: A. Entire body, B & G. Anterior

end, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, D & E. Variation in tail shape,
F. Reproductive system.
5.1.16. Sectonema procta Jairajpuri and Baqri, 1966

(Figure 16, A -D)
Number of female collected: 01; Number of male collected: 0
Measurements:
Female: L = 4.34mm; a = 46.66; b = 5.01; c = 114.21; d = 0.73; V = 56.61%; Gi = 13.66%; G2
= 11.68%; Mural tooth= 14.5pm; maximum body width = 93.0pm; Length of
pharyngeal cavity= 38.0pm; length of pharynx = 865.0pm; body width at neck base =
83.0pm; body width at vulva = 93.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 502.0pm; distance
of vulva from anterior end = 2457.0pm; vaginal length = 46.5pm; length of anterior
gonad = 593.0pm; length of posterior gonad = 507.0pm; prerectum = 140.0pm;
rectum = 81.0pm; tail length = 38.0pm; anal body diameter = 52.0pm.
Description:
Female: Body long, cylindrical, ventrally curved beyond vulva, gradually tapering
towards anterior end. Cuticle very thick and smooth all over the body; its thickness
4.9pm at the level of mural tooth, 9.8pm at mid body and 13.5pm on tail. Lateral
chords very prominent, occupying more than one-seventh (1/7.75) of vulval body
width. Lateral body pores numerous, ventral body pores about 96 and dorsal body
pores 14, distributed from the base of mural tooth to the middle of the pharynx.
Lip region set off from body by deep constriction, slightly wider than
adjoining body, its height 8.5pm and width 23.0pm or about 1/3.5 of the body-width
at pharyngeal base. Amphid cup-shaped. Mural tooth set on ventral wall of pharynx,
slightly less than two-third of head-width. Pharyngeal cavity 38pm or about 1.65
head-widths long. Expanded portion of pharynx 58.3% of the pharyngeal length.
Nerve ring at 221.0pm from anterior end. Only dorsal pharyngeal gland nucleus
visible, subventral gland nuclei invisible. Cardia conoid-rounded, 12.0pm long.
Cardiac disc thin, conspicuous.
Vulva transverse, with cuticularised labia, post-equatorial. Vagina about half
of the corresponding body width. Female reproductive system amphidelphic. Uterus
and oviduct distinctly separated by well developed sphincter. Both ovaries reflexed,
anterior ovary 159.0pm and posterior ovary 167.0pm long, oocytes numerous,
arranged in a single row except at tip.
Prerectum 2.85 and rectum 1.65 anal body-widths long. Tail 0.77 anal body-
width long, rounded. Caudal pores invisible.
Figure 16. Sectonema procta. Female: A. Anterior end showing pharynx &
cephalic region, B. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, C. Reproductive
system, D. Tail.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Dhapdhapi,
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Although Sectonema procta is being presently
reported on the basis of a single female specimen only, it fits well to those described
by Jairajpuri and Baqri (1966) from the rhizospheric soil of citrus and cotton plants
from Uttar Pradesh, India except in having short prerectum ( prerectum = 190.0 -
240.0pm in paratypes). This is the first report of the species from West Bengal.
5.1.17. Paraxonchium jairajpurii sp. n.

(Figure 17, A - E; Plate - 10)
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, more towards posterior end. Anterior
region abruptly narrowing from the base of odontophore. Cuticle thin, 2.4pm thick at
anterior part and 1.2pm on mid body. Body pores indistinct.
Lip region knob-like, wide, continuous, wider than adjoining body, 4.9pm (4.9
- 7.35pm) high and 14.7pm (12.25 - 14.7pm) wide. Body width at the base of
odontophore 1.66 (1.66 - 179) times the head width, then abruptly narrowing towards
the anterior end and the body width just below the lip region 0.83 (0.80 - 0.83) times
the head width. Amphids stirrup-shaped, located at 6.8pm from anterior end, 5.88pm
(4.9 - 5.88pm) wide or about half of the corresponding body width. Odontostyle
massive, wide, symmetrical, almost straight or very minutely curved dorsally, 1.66 -
1.91 lip region-widths long, its aperture 40 - 60% of the odontostyle length. Guiding
ring faint, located at 9.8pm (9.8 - 11.76pm) from anterior end. Odontophore simple
rod-like, 1.55 - 1.60 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 130pm (130 -
152pm) from anterior end. Cardia conoid, 14.7pm (14.7 - 17.0pm) long, three
inconspicuous cardiac gland cells present. Expanded portion of pharynx occupying
52.31% (50.91 - 54.26%) of the pharyngeal length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei not
visible.
Vulva transverse, equatorial to post-equatorial. Vagina about one-third of the
corresponding body width (length of pars proximalis vagina 8.82 - 9.8pm, pars
refringens 3.9 - 6.86pm and pars distalis 1 - 2pm), distally sclerotized. Reproductive
system amphidelphic. Both ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 86.0 - 117.6pm and
posterior ovary 81.0 - 120.0pm long.
Prerectum 2.0 (1.81 - 2.2) and rectum 1.3 (1.37 - 1.51) anal body-widths long.
Tail short, 1.40 (1.37 - 1.40) anal body-widths long, conoid and terminally pointed.
Table 9. Morphometric data on female Paraxonchium jairajpurii sp. n. (All


L 2.03 2.13 2.25 2.19 0.08 0.06
a 43.67 36.95 48.56 42.75 8.2 5.8
b 4.08 4.09 4.11 4.1 0.01 0.01
c 58.86 60.9 61.94 61.42 0.73 0.52
c1 1.4 1.37 1.4 1.38 0.02 0.015
V% 52.24 50.07 53.14 51.6 2.17 1.53
Gi% 13.63 13.89 15.21 14.55 0.93 0.66
g2% 12.43 12.43 15.43 13.93 2.12 1.5
Odontostyle length 24.5 23.5 24.5 24 0.7 0.5
Odontostyle width 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 0 0
Body width at the base of
odontophore 24.5 19.6 22.0 20.8 1.7 1.2
Length of cardia 14.7 14.7 17.0 15.85 1.62 1.15
Length of anterior gonad 277.0 297.0 343.0 320 32.53 23.0
Anterior end to vulva 1061.0 1070.0 1198.0 1134 90.5 64
Vaginal length 14.7 15.68 17.65 16.66 1.39 0.98
Tail length 34.5 34.5 37.0 35.75 1.77 1.25
Anal body width 24.5 24.5 27.0 25.75 1.77 1.25
Length of rectum 32.0 37.0 37.0 37 0 0
Figure 17. Paraxonchium jairajpurii sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, B &

C. Abruptly narrow anterior end showing odontostyle, D. Oesophago -
intestinal junction showing glands and cardia, E. Tail end.
Plate 10. Photomicrographs of Paraxonchium jairajpurii sp. n. Female:

B. Entire body, C. Anterior end & odontostyle, D. Oesophago - intestinal
junction showing glands & cardia, E. Vulval opening, G. Tail end, A. Differ
ence in entire body shape of another female, F. Vulval opening of another
female.
Male: Not found
Type specimen: Holotype registration No. WN 1031 along with two female
paratypes on same slide. Deposited in National Zoological Collection, Zoological
Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Prof. M.
S. Jairajpuri.
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at
Chandmari, Sonarpur block on 18. 05. 2005.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Paraxonchium jaimjpurii sp. n. is

characterized as well as can be differentiated from all other known didelphic species
of Paraxonchium Rrall, 1958 in having longer body (in all other didelphic species
body length varies between 0.56 - 1.5mm) except P. leptocephalus (Altherr, 1954)
Altherr & Loof, 1969 (L = over 2.0mm), massive, straight and wide odontostyle and
knob-like cephalic region. Although, its body length is comparable with P.
leptocephalus, the new species differs from it in having longer, straight odontostyle
with wide and distinct aperture (in P. leptocephalus odontostyle sickle-shaped with
minute aperture).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARAXONCHIUM KRALL, 1958

(Modified after Dhanachand and Jairajpuri, 1981b)
1. Reproductive system monodelphic.............................................................................

..............................................P. monohystera (Brezski, 1964) Altherr & Loof, 1969
— Reproductive system didelphic................................................................................. 2
2. Odontophore straight to bent, moderate to massive with wide aperture...................3
- Odontophore curved with minute aperture................................................ ..............6
3. Body length 0.56 - 0.70mm............ P. orthodon (Loof, 1964) Altherr & Loof, 1969
— Body length 1.30 - 1.50mm...................................................................................... 4
4. Odontostyle 11pm, slightly bent anteriorly; eardia small...........................................
..............................................P. laetificans (Andrassy, 1956) Altherr & Loof, 1969
- Odontostyle more than 11pm, straight or bent; eardia elongate...............................5
5. Odontostyle 15 pm, not much wide, bent and asymmetrical.......................................

........................................................................................P. magnidens Thome, 1975
- Odontostyle 23.5 - 24.5pm, wide and straight......................... P. jairajpurii sp. n.
6. Body length over 2mm; odontostyle sickle-shaped....................................................
.............................................P. leptocephalus (Altherr, 1954) Altherr & Loof, 1969
- Body length distinctly below 2mm; odontostyle not sickle-shaped..........................7
7. Body length 1.0 - 1.2mm; c = 36 - 38........................................................................
...........................................P. rhamphionus (Jairajpuri, 1966) Altherr & Loof,
1969
-Body length0.59-0.81mm; c= 16- 18................................................................. 8
8. Lip region narrow; cuticularized pieces in vagina absent...........................................
..................................................................................P. shamimi Suryawanshi, 1972
- Lip region wide; cuticularized pieces in vagina present.............................................
...............................................................P. parvus Dhanachand and Jairajpuri, 1981
> (P. carmenae Santiago & Millan, 1986 has not been included in the key due to
unavailability of literature).
5.1.18. Discolaimus tenax Siddiqi, 1964

(Figure 18, A - G)
Measurements:
Females: L = 1.13 -1.51mm; a = 35.12 - 42.58; b = 3.80 - 4.62; c = 38.74 - 57.51; o' = 1.08
- 1.5; V = 50.80 - 55.82%; Gi =10.78 - 16.15%; G2 = 10.95 -18.39%; expansion of
head = 11.0 - 19.5pm; odontostyle = 14.7 - 18.62pm; odontostyle aperture = 4.0 -
9.8pm; odontophore = 21.56 - 29.0pm; maximum body width = 29.4 - 41.5pm, length
of pharynx = 291.5 - 333.0pm; body width at neck base = 29.4 - 36.0pm; body width
at vulva = 29.4 - 41.5pm; expanded part of pharynx = 157.0 - 178.85pm;
794.0pm; vaginal length = 12.25 - 17.0pm; length of anterior gonad = 132.0 - 186.0
pm; length of posterior gonad = 135.0 - 272.0pm; prerectum = 22.0 - 27.0pm; rectum
= 17.64 - 24.5pm; tail length = 24.5 - 29.4pm; anal body diameter = 19.4 - 27.0pm.
Description:
Female: Body slender, slightly ventrally curved on fixation. Cuticle marked with fine
transverse striations, 1.22pm thick at anterior part at the level of odontostyle and at
mid body, 2.45 - 3.5pm on tail. Lateral chords about one-third of body width at mid
body.
Lip region discoidal, expanded, off set from body by a deep constriction, 3.92
- 4.9pm high, 16.66 - 19.6pm wide or 1/1.64 to 1.92 of body width at neck base.
Liplets six, surrounding stoma. Amphids stirrup-shaped, 5.0 - 7.0pm from anterior
end.
Odontostyle 0.85 - 1.05 lip region-width long but in most of the specimens
smaller than lip width, its aperture occupying 38.88 - 52.94% of odontostyle length.
Guiding ring single, 5.88 - 6.86pm from anterior end. Odontophore simple, rod-like,
1.31-1.83 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 95.5 - 100.5pm from anterior
end. Expanded part of pharynx 51.5 - 54.84% of total neck length. Glandularium
76.96 - 80.48% of the cylindrus. Cardia round to conoid, 6.86 - 9.8pm long, cardiac
disc present. Location of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 56.04 - 60.05%; ASj
= 40.83 -61.53%; AS2 = 40.83 - 66.09%; PSi = 72.40 - 81.28%; PS2 = 75.32-
86.60%
Vulva opening transverse, equatorial to slightly post-equatorial. Vagina
extending inward half to about one-third of corresponding body width, unsclerotized.
Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries reflexed, in some specimens
posterior ovary very long, almost reflexed up to vulva, anterior ovary 37.0 - 88.5pm
and posterior ovary 39.0 - 127.0pm long. One specimen containing one egg in the
posterior branch of gonad, measuring 91.0pm x 29.4pm.
Prerectum 1.0 - 1.25 and rectum 0.80 - 1.25 anal body-width long. Tail
convex- conoid, 1.08-1.5 anal body-width long.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at South
Gobindapur on 13. 12. 2004 and at Bosepukur, Dhapdhapi (East), Baruipur block on
27.07.2005.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Siddiqi (1964) described Discolaimus tenax from

soil around the roots of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck from Uttar Pradesh, India. Further
Figure 18. THscolaimus tenax. Female. A. Entire body, B. Anterior end,

C. Pharynx showing the gland nuclei & cardia, D. Different shape of
cardia, E & F. Reproductive system, G. Tail.
Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982) reported the species from soils of grasses (Motha sp.)
with first report of its males at Kanpur, U. P. The present specimens conform well to
both of the above. This is the first report of D. tenax from West Bengal.
5.1.19. Discolaimium mazhari Baqri and Jairajpuri, 1968

(Figure 19, A - F)
Number of females collected: 02, Number of males collected: 0
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.16 -1,23mm; a = 39.65 - 41.83; b = 3.81 - 4.01; c = 53.0 - 55.90; d = 1.0; V
= 42.45 - 44.02%; Gi = 11.54 - 12.55%; G2 = 11.74 - 12.52%; odontostyle = 13.0 -
14.0pm; odontostyle aperture = 5.88 - 6.86pm; odontophore = 17.0 - 18.0pm;
maximum body width = 29.4pm, length of pharynx = 306.0pm; body width at neck
base = 29.4pm; body width at vulva = 29.4pm; expanded part of pharynx = 171.5 -
174.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 495.0 - 541.5pm; vaginal length =
12.5pm; length of anterior gonad = 142.0 - 151.0pm; length of posterior gonad =
137.0 - 154.0pm; prerectum = 61.0 - 73.5pm; rectum = 18.0 - 25.0pm; tail length =
22.0pm; anal body diameter = 22.0pm.
Description:
Female: Body cylindrical, almost straight or slightly ventrally curved on fixation.
Cuticle smooth and thin, 1.2 - 2.45pm thick at mid body and 2.45 - 3.5pm on tail.
Sub cuticle with very faint striations.
Lip region set off by deep constriction from body contour, same as or wider
than adjoining body, 4.9pm high, 10.78 - 12.74pm wide or 1/2.30 - 1/2.72 of body
width at neck base. Amphids cup-shaped, 5.5pm from anterior end, occupying 5.0 -
5.88pm or about half or slightly more of the corresponding body width.
Odontostyle 1.09 - 1.20 lip region width long, its aperture occupying 46.15 -
50.0% of odontostyle length. Guiding ring at 5.0 - 6.0pm from anterior end.
Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.28 - 1.30 times the odontostyle length. Circum-
oesophageal nerve ring at 98.0 - 103.0pm from anterior end. Expanded portion of
pharynx 56.04 - 56.86% of total pharyngeal length. Cardia broadly rounded, 5.0pm
long, disc present. Pharyngeal gland nuclei indistinct.
Figure 19. Discolaimium mazhari. Female: A. Entire body, B & C. Anterior

end showing lip region, D. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, E. Repro
ductive system, F. tail.
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vagina unsclerotized, extending inward 1/2.35 of
the corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
short, rounded or hemispheroid, one anal body-width long.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Sikharbali,
Baruipur block on 23. 09.2005
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present specimens fairly agree with the type
specimens of Discolaimium mazhari described by Baqri and Jairajpuri (1968) from
soil around the roots of cotton (Gossypium sp.) from Uttar Pradesh, India except in
having a much longer prerectum (prerectum = 15.0 - 19.0pm or less than one anal
body-width in type specimens). This is the first report of the species from West
Bengal.
5.1.20.Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913

(Figure 20, A - G; 20A, A - F)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.43 - 1.79; a = 27.78 - 48.78; b = 5.07 - 6.14; c = 36.69 - 51.44; o' = 1.0 -
1.77; V = 48.29 - 56.12%; Gi = 9.96 - 16.42%; G2 = 10.88 - 16.56%; odontostyle =
71.0 - 83.0pm; odontophore = 49 - 51.5pm; width of basal knob (across) = 7.35 -
9.8pm maximum body width = 32.0 - 56.0pm, length of pharynx = 268.0 - 314.0pm;
body width at neck base = 29.4 - 49.0pm; body width at vulva = 32.0 - 56.0pm;
expanded part of pharynx = 62.0 - 78.5pm; glandularium = 45.0 - 57.82pm; distance
of vulva from anterior end = 767.0 - 911.5pm; vaginal length = 12.74 - 24.5pm; length
of anterior gonad = 176.0 - 240.0pm; length of posterior gonad = 195.0 - 247.5pm;
prerectum = 69.0 - 108.0pm; rectum = 22.0 - 34.3pm; tail length = 31.85 - 42.0pm;
anal body diameter = 22.0 - 31.85pm.

Description:
Female: Body ‘C’ - shaped or strongly ventrally curved upon fixation and tapering
towards extremities. Cuticle 1.47 - 4.5pm thick at mid body and 3.9 - 5pm on tail.
Lip region rounded, slightly set off by mild depression or almost continuous
with the adjoining body, 3.9 - 5.88pm high and 9.8 - 10.78pm wide. Amphids
stirrup-shaped, located at 5.88 - 7.35pm from anterior end.
Odontostyle 6.81 - 8.0 lip region-width long. Odontophore 0.59 - 0.72 times
the odontostyle length, its basal flanges 7.35 - 9.8pm wide. Fixed and prominent
guiding ring located at 61.25 - 66.0pm or 5.68 - 6.73 labial widths from oral
aperture. Nerve ring encircling the anterior slender part of pharynx, located at 110.0 -
164.0pm from anterior end. The cylindrus or expanded part of pharynx 21.95 -
27.83% of the total pharyngeal length. Glandularium 63.94 - 82.2% of the cylindrus.
Cardia short, rounded. Locations of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 79.23 - 87.11%;
AS,= 44.91 - 57.62%; AS2 = 44.91 - 70.0%.
Vulva slightly pre-equatorial to post-equatorial or in some specimens
equatorial also. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Uterus short. Vagina about half to
one-third of the corresponding body width long. Both ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary
54.0 - 100.5pm and posterior ovary 63.5 - 110.0pm long.
Prerectum 2.3 - 4.9 and rectum 0.89 - 1.4 anal body-width long. Tail shape
varies within the species. Tail short, convex-conoid, some times with slightly digitate
terminus in some specimens, 1.0 - 1.77 anal body-width long.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Bosepukur,
Baruipur block and from Falta block on 27. 07. 2005 and 10. 08. 2005 respectively.
Also collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Padmajala, Natunpara &
Ramnagar (on 27. 07. 2005), Madhyam Kalyanpur (on 13. 12. 2005) of Baruipur
block, at Mittirpara of Joynagar block (on 23. 09. 2005) and from Bishnupur block on
01.01.2008.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present specimens agree well with the
description given by Thome (1961) except in having shorter odontostyle (odontostyle
= 120.0 - 140.0pm reported by Thome, 1961). But the length of odontostyle
conforms well to those reported by Bajaj and Jairajpuri (1979) from different places
of India and by Chaturvedi and Khera (1979) from Howrah district, West Bengal.
Figure 20. Xiphinema americanum. Female. A. Entire body, B. Phaiynx &

cardia, C. Amphid, D & E. Reproductive system, F & G. Variation in tail shape.
(Continued.... Fig. 20 A).
Figure 20 A. Xiphinema americanum. Female: A & B. Variation in body

shape, C. Anterior end, D. Odontostyle & guiding ring, E. Reproductive
system, F. Tail.
However, it is an exceedingly variable species and appears to comprise a collection of
geographical isolates (Tarjan, 1969). Xiphinema americanum is cosmopolitan in
distribution and widely distributed in India. The males of this species have been
reported only occasionally and are rare. This is the first report of the species from
South 24-Parganas district.
5.1.21. Xiphinema manasiae sp. n.

(Figure 21, A - H; Plate -11)
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, posterior portion more ventrally curved,
tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle smooth, 1.22 - 2.5pm thick at mid body,
3.5 - 4.9pm on tail and 7.0 - 11.0pm on tail terminus.
Lip region rounded, slightly set off from adjoining body by depression, 4.9pm
high and 11.0pm (9.8 - 11.0pm) wide or 1/3.1 (1/2.7 - 1/3.5) of neck base width.
Amphids stirrup-shaped, located at 12.0pm (6.1 - 9.8pm) from anterior end.
Odontostyle 8.9 (8.9 - 10.75) lip region widths long. Odontophore 0.6 (0.56 -
0.60) times the odontostyle length, basal flanges 12.0pm (7.35 - 12.0pm) wide.
Guiding ring prominent, located at posterior half of odontostyle, at 8.45 (8.25 - 9.5)
labial widths from oral aperture. Nerve ring surrounding the anterior slender part of
pharynx, located at 184.0pm (176.0 - 193.5pm) from anterior end. Cardia short,
rounded, 8.8 - 11.7pm long. Basal expanded portion of pharynx 24.55% (20.54 -
24.8%) of the total pharyngeal length. Glandularium 89.73% (85.71 - 90.9%) of the
cylindrus. Cardia small, rounded. Locations of pharyngeal gland nuclei are:
D = 80.31% (74.18 - 80.68%); AS,= 59.21% (40.0 - 58.53%); AS2 = 61.84%
(42.5-69.0%).
Vulva transverse, distinctly pre-equatorial. Vagina extending inward half
(1/1.63 - 1/2.0) of the corresponding body width, unsclerotized. Reproductive system
mono-opisthodelphic. Anterior branch of gonad only in the form of a undifferentiated
uterine sac, 1.16 (0.75 - 1.71) times the vulval body-width long. Posterior branch of
gonad well developed and functional. Sphincter present at the uterus-oviduct junction.
Posterior ovary reflexed, in some specimens very long, its length 64.0pm (53.9 -
237.0pm), oocytes arranged in a single row. A single, large intra-uterine egg present
in the posterior branch of the holotype measuring 147.0pm x 24.5pm.
Prerectum containing numerous granules, 4.67 (3.5 - 5.45) and rectum 1.33
(1.22 - 1.63) anal body-widths long. Tail ventrally bent, regularly tapering towards
Table 10. Morphometric data on Xiphinema manasiae sp. n. (All measurements

are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined given in
the parenthesis)
Holotype Paratype females (9) Male

Characters female Min Max Mean ±SD SE (1)
L 2.04 1.89 2.13 2.04 0.07 0.02 2.06
a 55.35 52.2 62.85 58.07 3.32 1.17 60.82
b 6.05 5.43 6.01 5.66 0.19 0.07 5.66
c 23.81 24.12 31.04 27.08 2.69 0.95 35.05
d 3.9 3.11 4.09 3.6 0.4 0.14 2.4
V%/T% 32.51 30.22 33.0 31.89 0.85 0.3 50.33
Gi% (uterine sac) 1.95 1.29 2.84 1.8 0.48 0.17 —
G2% (functional) 16.28 9.97 25.73 15.78 6.23 2.35 —
Odontostyle length 98.0 98.0 105.35 100.46 2.27 0.8 100.5

Length of basal flange
of style 9.8 7.35 12.0 10.19 1.93 0.86
Width of basal flange
of style 4.9 4.9 9.8 6.73 2.17 0.76 11.0
Anterior end to guiding ring 93.0 90.65 95.55 92.15 1.8 0.64 92.0
Body width below head 10.8 9.8 10.8 10.46 0.57 0.33 10.8
Body width at neck base 34.3 30.62 34.3 33.24 1.51 0.53 32.0
Body width at vulva 34.3 32.0 39.0 34.87 2.38 0.9 —

Expanded part of
pharynx 83.0 76.0 93.0 83.54 5.86 2.07 83.3
Length of Glandularium 74.48 60.76 80.36 73.37 7.34 2.59 71.0
Length of cardia 11.0 8.82 11.76 10.29 2.07 1.47 9.8
Length of anterior
uterine sac 40.0 27.0 59.0 36.93 10.31 3.64
Length of posterior gonad 333.5 189.0 524.0 323 128.97 48.75 —
Anterior end to vulva 666.0 620.0 683.5 652.81 23.04 8.14 —
Length of vagina 17.0 17.0 19.6 18.29 1.34 0.47 —
Tail length 86.0 61.0 86.0 76.28 8.48 3 59.0
Anal body width 22.0 19.6 22.0 21.15 1.05 0.37 24.5
Length of rectum 29.4 26.95 32.0 30.04 2.18 0.77 32.0
Testis length — — -- -- — — 1041
Length of Spicules — — — — — — 46.55
V. M. supplements -- — -- — - - 5
posterior extremity, conoid with finely rounded terminus, 3.9 (3.11 - 4.09) anal body-
widths long; cuticle on tail tip thickened.
Male: Similar to those of females in general morphology except the following. Testis
extending anteriorly about half of the body length. Spicules almost straight, very
minutely arcuate at its distal end, 1.9 anal body-width long. Supplements consist of an
adanal pair 4 regularly spaced ventromedians. Tail shorter than in females, ventrally
curved, convex-conoid with pointed or acute terminus, 2.40 anal body-widths long.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN 1037 with two female paratypes on
same slide. Paratype registration No. WN 1038 (4$) and WN 1039 (3$ & 1 c?)-
Deposited in National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata,
India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after the wife of the author Mrs.
Manasi Sen.
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Natunpara
and Khanpara of Baruipur block on 27. 07.2005.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Xiphinema manasiae sp. n. comes
closer to X. chambersi Thome, 1939, X. radicicola Goodey, 1936 and to X.
monohysterum Brown, 1968, having mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system with
or without anterior genital branch reduced to a uterine sac.
Primarily, X. manasiae sp. n. can be differentiated from the closely related
species by the distinct presence of anterior uterine sac and in having much shorter
prerectum (anterior uterine sac completely absent in X. chambersi and X
monohysterum with 10-14 anal body-widths long prerectum respectively. Anterior
uterine sac, if present, one-third of vulval body width in X. radicicola with 12-15
anal body widths long prerectum).
More over, the new species differs from X. chambersi in having shorter body,
posteriorly placed vulva and different tail shape (L = 2.5mm; V = 24%; tail elongate-
conoid in X. chambersi). It shows differences with X. monohysterum by possessing
shorter body, different ‘a’ value and by different tail shape (L = 2.42 - 2.83mm; a =
59-73; tail dorsally convex-conoid with sub-digitate terminus in A. monohysterum).
Finally, A! manasiae sp. n. can be differentiated from X. radicicola in having longer
tail, evident from greater c7 value and different tail shape (tail = 41 - 54pm; c7 = 1.4-
2.5; tail dorsally convex-conoid with digitate terminus inX. radicicola).
Figure 21. Xipkinemamanasiae sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, C & D. Anterior

end showing odontostyle & amphid, E. Expanded part of phaiynx & cardia, F.
Mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system showing anterior uterine sac and
intra-uterine egg, G. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements,
spicule and tail shape.
Plate 11. Photomicrographs of Xiphinema manasiae sp. n. Female: A.Entire

body, C. Anterior end, D. Oesophago-intestinal junction & cardia, E. Mono-
opisthodelphic reproductive system with anterior uterine sac, F. Vulva &
anterior uterine sac, G. Tail end.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Tail end showing ventromedian supplements,
I. Spicules.
Key to the mono-opisthodelphic species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913
(Modified after Ganguly et al, 2000)
1. Anterior uterine sac completely absent..................................................................... 2
- Undifferentiated anterior uterine sac present or absent...........................................12
2. Tail elongate, filiform, d > 7.0 to c;< 14.0.......X. ortheotenum Loof & Maas, 1972
- Tail not filiform, d < 7.0.......................................................................................... 3
3. Tail short with hemispherical terminus, d< 1.0; V = 36 - 39%.................................
...........................................................X. ensiculiferum (Cobb, 1893) Thome, 1938
- Tail terminus not hemispherical, d> 1.0 V < 35%................................................... 4
4. Tail rounded with a median terminal peg, d - 1.2.......X brasiliense Lordello, 1951
- Tail dorsally convex-conoid without terminal peg.................................................. 5
5. Tail elongate conoid..................................................................................................6
- Tail dorsally convex-conoid with a terminal digitate projection.............................. 8
6. Tail length 100 - 200pm; Body ‘J’-shaped............................................................... 7
- Tail < 100pm; body arcuate..................................... X. nomohysterum Brown, 1968
7. Average d= 5.2; stylet = 210pm Body slightly arcuate...........................................
...............................................................................X. winotoi Razak & Loof, 1998
- Average c/= 4.0; Stylet = 169pm; Body ‘J’-shaped.......X. chambersi Thome, 1939
8. Lip region continuous............................................................................................... 9
- Lip region slightly set off by depression................................................................. 10
9. L = 1.9 - 2.5mm; c = 37 - 53; dorsal and ventral cervical body pores absent; 3 pairs
of caudal pores...........X. digicaudatum (Singh & Khan, 1997) Ganguly et al, 2000
-L = 2.4- 2.8mm c = 53 - 77; dorsal and ventral cervical body pores 5 pairs; 6 pairs
of caudal pores................................................. X. bhutanense Ganguly et al, 2000
10. c = 38 - 31;3 lateral body pores in lip region and 3 behind the odontophore...........
...........................X. gracilicaudatum (Singh & Khan, 1997) Ganguly et al, 2000
- c > 31; body pores present or absent...................................................................... 11
11. </= 2.3 - 2.7; a = 57 - 70; stylet < 170pm...............................................................
...........................................................X. neoradicicola Dhanam & Jairajpuri, 1997
- c;< 2.3; a = 41 — 47; stylet 173 - 200pm............ X. bambusi, Ganguly et al, 2000
12. Anterior uterine sac at least three-fourth or greater than one vulval body width
long; d= 3.11 - 4.0................................................................... X. manasiae sp. n.
- Anterior uterine sac distinctly less than vulval body width; d < 2.5..................... 13
13. Anterior uterine sac, if present, one-third of vulval body-width; tail long (41 -
54pm); c = 31 - 32....................................................... X. radicicola Goodey, 1936
- Anterior uterine sac distinctly present, usually about 3/4th. of vulval body width;
tail short (24 - 29pm); c = 66 - 90........................ X loosi Southey & Luc, 1973
5.1.22. Axonchium (Axonchium) coomansi sp. n.

(Figure 22, A - G; Plate -12)
Female: Body almost straight to slightly ventrally curve, particularly the posterior
end on fixation, tapering to a narrow lip region. Cuticle finely striated, 3.5pm (1.2
3.5) at anterior portion and mid body and 9.8pm (7.35 - 9.8pm) on tail.
Lip region set off by constriction, narrower than adjoining body, 8.82pm (6.86
-8.82 pm) wide or about 1/5 - 1/6* of body width at neck base, 4.9pm (3.92 -
4.9pm) high. Lips are inconspicuously separated or incompletely amalgamated, outer
and inner portions of lips demarcated by a shallow depression. Amphids cup-shaped,
5.8pm (4.9 - 5.8p) from anterior end. Odontostyle fusiform, 1.22 - 1.71 lip region
widths long, its aperture 2.92 - 4.9pm (3.92pm) wide or 36.3% (25.0 - 41.0%) of
odontostyle length. Guiding ring distinct, 8.82pm (7.35 - 8.82pm) from anterior end.
Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.18 (1.1 - 1.33) times the odontostyle length. Nerve
ring at 125.0pm (125.0 - 146.0pm) from anterior end, encircling the anterior slender
part of pharynx. Anterior slender part and posterior expanded part of pharynx
demarcated by a dip constriction. Total pharyngeal length 43.7% (41.81 - 44.66%) of
the entire body length, out of which posterior expanded part of pharynx 576.0pm
(517.0 - 608.0pm) or occupying 71.89% (69.51 - 72.33%) of the total pharyngeal
length, apparently enclosed in a muscle sheath of straight bundles. Cardia rounded to
tongue-shaped, 19.5pm (17.0 - 22.0pm) long. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nucleus very
prominent, visible at the beginning of posterior expanded part of pharynx.
Vulva transverse, post-equatorial. Vagina 20.5pm (18.6 - 23.5pm) or about
half to one-third of the corresponding body width, slopes slightly posterior. The
length of pars proximalis vagina 10.78pm (8.82 - 13.72pm), pars distalis 9.8pm
(8.82 - 10.78)am), pars refringens absent. Anterior uterine sac 144.5jjm (122.5 -
196.0jjm) or 2.80 (2.18 - 3.2) vulval body widths long. Posterior branch of gonad
functional, well developed, 240.0pm (176.5 - 260.0pm) long, distinct sphincter
present between uterus and oviduct, ovary reflexed 142.0pm (95.5 - 188.5pm) long.
Prerectum 7.14 (4.83 - 7.14) and rectum 1.07 (0.82 - 1.07) anal body-widths
long. Tail short, rounded, 0.71 (0.69 - 0.76) anal body-width long with thick cuticle
on terminus.
Male: Not found.
Table 11. Morphometric data on female Axonchium (Axonchium) coomansi sp. n.


Characters female Min Max Mean + SD SE
L 1.83 1.68 2.03 1.83 0.15 0.07
a 35.59 31.15 34.3 32.46 1.36 0.68
b 2.28 2.23 2.42 2.31 0.08 0.04
c 74.81 66.4 75.4 69.62 3.96 1.98
d 0.71 0.69 0.76 0.71 0.03 0.02
V% 54.11 52.21 54.23 53.22 0.97 0.48
Gi% 7.8 6.66 9.6 7.91 1.23 0.61
g2% 20.84 16.18 24.4 19.2 3.83 1.91
Odontostyle width 1.96 2.45 2.94 2.61 0.28 0.16
Entire pharyngeal length 801.5 725.2 840.5 791.42 51.06 25.53
Ant. Slender part of pharynx 225.5 208.25 240.0 229.56 14.49 7.24
Length of Glandularium 563.5 504.7 597.8 548.87 41.3 20.65
Length of cardia 19.6 17.1 24.5 21.4 3.09 1.55
Vaginal length 20.5 18.6 23.5 20.55 2.11 1.05
Tail length 24.5 24.5 27.0 26.37 1.25 0.62
Anal body width 34.3 35.5 39.0 36.68 1.65 0.82
Length of rectum 36.75 29.4 36.75 33.11 3.14 1.57
B, E, F, G
C, D
Figure 22. Axonchium (Axonchium) coomansi sp. n. Female: A. Entire

body, B. Anterior part of pharynx showing the junction with posterior
expanded part of pharynx, C Anterior end showing cephalic region & odon-
tostyle, D. Amphid, E. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, F. Mono -
opisthodelphic reproductive system with anterior uterine sac, G. Tail.
Plate 12. Photomicrographs of Axonchium (Axonchium ) coomansi sp.n.

Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior end & entire pharynx, C. Anterior part of
pharynx, D. Anterior end showing odontostyle, E. Oesophago - intestinal
junction & cardia, F. Mono opisthodelphic reproductive system with anterior
uterine sac, G. Vulva & anterior uterine sac, H. Tail end.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Dr. A.
Coomans.
Type specimen: Holotype registration No. WN 1042 with two female paratypes on
same slide. Paratype registration No. WN 1043 (2 $). Deposited in National
Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi (Holotype)
and guava at Baruipur block on 27. 07. 2005.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Axonchium (Axonchium) coomansi

sp. n. is characterized by its incompletely amalgamated lip region, long pharynx, long
anterior uterine sac without sperm and posteriorly directed, unsclerotized vagina. It
comes closer to A. (A.) amplicolle Cobb, 1920, A. (A.) metobtusicaudatum (Sch.
Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938) Nair & Coomans 1973, A. (A.) parasaccatum Rahman,
Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1985, A. (A.) saccatum Jairajpuri, 1964 & A .(A.) transkeiense
Nair,1973. A. (A.) coomansi sp. n. can be separated from all other closely related
species except A. (A.) ampliclolle in having longer pharynx and also in having
rounded to tongue-shaped cardia ( length of pharynx = 514 - 723pm and cardiform
cardia in A.(A.) metobtusicaudatum, 695 - 768pm and clavate cardia in A. (A.)
parasaccatum, 644 - 675pm and conoid cardia in A.(A.) saccatum, 616 - 670pm and
bulboid to oval cardia in A. (A.) transkeiense). Further, it can be differentiated from A.
(A.) saccatum and A (A.) transkeiense in having a shorter pre rectum (pre rectum = 10
anal body widths or 355 - 370pm in A. (A.) saccatum and 242 - 308pm in A.(A.)
transkeiense). A. (A.) coomansi sp. n. can be distinguished from A. (A.) amplicolle in
having much longer anterior uterine sac, comparatively thinner cuticle on tail and by
different shape of cardia (in A. (A.) amplicolle anterior uterine sac 13 - 37pm in
different populations from different places of the world as reported by Nair, 1973, Gi
= 0.72 - 1.6%, cuticle on tail = 10 - 12.5pm, cardia cylindroid).
Remark: Although Coomans and Nair (1975) grouped the genus Axonchium under
nine subgenera, yet they provided a general key to the species of genus instead of the
respective species of the different subgenera. A key to the species of the subgenus
Axonchium is given below:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AXONCHIUM COBB, 1920
(Modified after Coomans and Nair, 1975)
1. Lip region with inconspicuously separated or amalgamated lip region.................. 2

- Lip region with incompletely amalgamated or well separated lips...........................7
2. Lips amalgamated; anterior uterine sac completely absent.......................................
...................................... Axonchium (Axonchium) tochigiense Khan & Araki, 2002
- Lips inconspicuously separated; anterior uterine sac present...................................3
3. Anterior uterine sac shorter, Gi < 7........................................................................ 4
- Anterior uterine sac longer, Gj^7.......................................................................... 5
4. Body short, L = 1.57 - 1.65mm; prerectum 4-5 anal body-widths long..................
................................................... A. (A.) thoubalicum Dhanachand & Jairajpuri,
1981
- Body long, L = 1.82 - 1,97mm; prerectum 9-11 anal body-widths long.................
........................................... .A. (A.) khasianum Rahman, Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1985
5. Length of pharynx greater than 650pm; cardia clavate............A. (A.) parasaccatum
Rahman, Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1985
- Length of pharynx less than 650pm; cardia rounded or cardiform...........................6
6. Cardia cardiform; pre-rectum 4-6 anal body-widths long........................................
............................................... A. {A.)phukani Rahman, Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1985
- Cardia rounded; pre-rectum 6-7 anal body-widths long...........................................
............................................A. (A.) neoeletum Rahman, Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1985
7. Lip region with incompletely amalgamated lips.....................................................8
- Lip region with well separated lips.........................................................................10
8. Body of female short (L = 1.12 - 1.45mm); Length of pharynx < 500pm................
....................................................................... A. (A.) siddiqi Coomans & Nair, 1975
- Body of female longer (L > 1.50mm); length of pharynx > 500pm.......................9
9. Anterior uterine sac shorter, Gj = 5 -1 ...A. (A.) vallum Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
- Anterior uterine sac longer, Gj = 7.6 - 9.6...........................A. (A.) coomansi sp. n.
10. Inner portion of lips forming six sub spherical lip lets and rising high above the
outer portion of lip region........................................A. (A.) labiatum Thome, 1939
- The inner portion of lips less off set and marked by depression............................ 11
11. Intestine-prerectum junction marked by a constriction, surrounded by a sphincter
like structure; vagina with wide diamond-shaped lumen in lateral view..................
................................................................................. A. (A.) cingulatum Nair, 1973
- Constriction or sphincter-like structure at intestine-prerectum junction absent;
vagina with narrow lumen.....................................................................................12
12. Vaginal cuticle wide; tail bulboid.........................A. (A.) bulbosum Williams, 1958
- Vaginal cuticle less wide; tail not bulboid............................................................13
13. Anterior gonad short, less than three-fourths of the body diameter long..............14
- Anterior gonad longer, very rarely slightly less than the body diameter long......15
14. Body ventrally arcuate, slender (body width 27 - 35pm); high conoid lips; cardia
small, bluntly conoid; tail more or less cylindroid with three caudal pores.............
................................................................................. A. (A.) nitidum Jairajpuri, 1964
- Body slightly arcuate ventrally, stout (body width 41 - 58pm); lips with a notch
in the middle, separating the outer and inner portions; cardia cylindrical; tail
bluntly conoid or rounded with two caudal pores..... A. (A.) amplicolle Cobb, 1920
15. Vagina with a constriction, i. e., surrounded by a sphincter at middle or at
posterior half.......................................................................................................... 16
- Vagina without constriction, i. e., sphincter absent and gradually widening
towards uterus........................................................................................................ 20
16. Vaginal wall appears somewhat darker and differentiated from body cuticle......17
- Vaginal wall not differentiated from body cuticle................................................18
17. The intestine-prerectum junction is guarded by closely packed cells; cuticle at tail
tip thicker (10 - 10.5pm)...................A. (A.) sinclairi Heyns & Furstenberg, 1993
- Closely packed cells absent at intestine-prerectum junction; cuticle on tail
terminus comparatively thinner...........................A. (A.) saccatum Jairajpuri, 1964
18. Body almost straight, L = 1.90 - 2.14mm...............A. (A.) transkeiense Nair, 1973
- Body ventrally curved, body length greatly vary....................................................19
19. L = 2.1 -2.81mm; Gj = 1.3 - 6.8....................................A. (A.) heynsi Nair, 1973
- L = 1.35 - 1.58mm; Gj = 12 - 13................ A. (A) shamimi Baqri & Khera, 1976
20. Body almost straight............................................................................................21
- Body ventrally arcuate........................................................................................ 22
21. Lip region high with conoid lips; cardia more or less cardiform; tail broadly
conoid, shorter than anal body width........................................................................
....................................... A. (A.) sabulum (Yeates, 1967) Coomans & yeates, 1969
- Lip region low, with small offset inner portion of the lips; cardia cylindrical; tail
cylindroid, longer than anal body width.............A. (A.) latespiculatum Nair, 1973
22. Body less than 2mm long; prerectum up to 9 anal body-widths long (< 300pm);
cardia rounded to cardiform..................................................................................23
- Body more than 2mm long; prerectum 8-12 anal body-widths long (S 300pm);
Cardia linguiform...............................................A. (A.) manalicum Ali et al., 1975
23. Body 1.2 - 1.3mm long; Odontostyle 8 - 9pm long; cardia rounded.......................
............................................................. ...................A. (A.) elegans Jairajpuri, 1964
- Body over 1.3mm in length; odontostyle 7 - 12pm long; cardia cardiform..........24
24. Odontostyle 11 - 12pm; tail hemispheroid................ A. (A.) metobtusicaudatum
(Sch. Stekh. & Teunissen, 1938) Nair & Coomans, 1973
- Odontostyle 7 - 9pm; tail broadly rounded...........................................................
..................................................... .A. (A.) eletum Dhanachand & Jairajpuri, 1981
5.1.23. Tyleptusprojectus Thorne, 1939
(Figure 23 & 23A, A - J)

Measurements:
Females : L 1.06 - 1.28mm; a = 29.91 - 35.12; b = 4.56 - 5.63; c = 78.84 - 94.5; d = 0.54 -
0.66; V = 30.80 - 34.25%; Gi = 4.86 - 7.1%; G2 = 33.70 - 48.05%; odontostyle = 8.82
- 9.8pm; odontophore = 9.8-11.76pm; maximum body width = 33.0 - 39.0pm, length
of pharynx = 208.0 - 254.0pm; body width at neck base = 29.5 - 34.0pm; body width
at vulva = 32.0 - 37.0pm; basal bulb (expanded part) of pharynx = 27.0 - 34.0pm;
397.0pm; vaginal length = 15.0 - 17.0pm; length of anterior uterine sac = 52.0 -
78.0pm; length of posterior gonad = 360.0 - 549.0pm; prerectum = 73.5 - 91.0pm;
rectum = 22.0 - 32.0pm; tail length = 12.0 - 14.7pm; anal body diameter = 21.0 -
27.0pm.
Males: L = 1,03mm; a = 35.72; b = 4.98; c = 52.85; d = 0.89; T = 56.27%; odontostyle =

7.5pm; odontophore = 7.5pm; maximum body width = 29.0pm, length of pharynx =
208.0pm; body width at neck base = 27.0pm; basal bulb (expanded part) of pharynx =
32.0pm; prerectum = 54.0pm; tail length = 19.6pm; anal body diameter = 22.0pm.;
Taxonomic and Ecological Studies 13 6
length of testis = 583.0p.rn; spicule length = 31.36pm; lateral guiding piece = 12.0pm;
Number of Ventromedian supplements = 3.
Description:
Female: Body slightly ventrally curved on fixation. Cuticle smooth and uniform all
over the body, 1.22 - 2.45pm thick at the level of odontostyle and on tail, 2.45Jim at
mid body. Sub cuticle smooth or with fine transverse striations, 1.47 - 2.94pm apart.
Lip region set off by depression, lip lets prominent. Head narrower than
adjoining body, 4.9pm high, 8.82 - 9.8pm or one-third or slightly more of neck base-
width wide. Amphids wide, stirrup-shaped, 4.9 - 5.88pm from anterior end, apertures
occupying about 6.0pm or 51.02% of the corresponding body width.
Odontostyle 0.9-1.11 lip region-width long. Guiding ring about 5.0pm from
anterior end. Odontophore 1.0 - 1.2 times the odontostyle length. Expanded part of
pharynx a pyriform bulb measuring 27.0 - 34.0pm x 15.0 - 17.0pm, occupying 12.24
- 14.91% of total pharyngeal length. Glandularium 55.12 - 76.47% of the cylindrus.
Cardia small, broadly rounded, 4.0 - 5.0pm long. Locations of pharyngeal gland
nuclei are: D = 88.11 - 95.33%; ASi= 33.33 - 60.30%; AS2 = 60.30 - 72.22%;
Vulva transverse, distinctly pre-equatorial. Vaginal length about half or
slightly more of the corresponding body width, unsclerotized. Reproductive system
mono-opisthodelphic. Anterior branch of gonad in the form of an uterine sac, 1.62 -
2.43 vulval body-widths long, containing spindle-shaped sperms in some specimens.
Posterior branch of gonad very long, well developed. Posterior ovary reflexed, 166.0
- 216.0pm long. Distinct sphincter present at uterus-oviduct junction. Some
specimens with eggs in the posterior branch of gonad, measuring 22.0 - 24.0pm x
71.0- 81.0pm.
Prerectum 3.47-4.13 and rectum 1.0 - 1.52 anal body width long. Tail short,
broadly rounded, 0.54 - 0.66 anal body width long.
Male: Similar to female in general morphology except the following. Testes

outstretched. Spicules 1.42 anal body width long. Lateral guiding piece 1/2.61 of the
spicular length. Supplements consist of two weakly developed ventromedians and an
adanal pair. Tail rounded, 0.89 anal body width long.
30 p,in
D,E,F
body showing pharynx, D & E. Anterior end showing cephalic region,

amphid & odontostyle, F. Pharyngeal bulb & cardia,
Male: B. Entire body

Figure 23 A. Tyleptus projectus. Female: G & H. Mono-opisthodelphic

reproductive system showing intra-uterine egg and anterior uterine sac, I.
Tail.
Male: J. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements, spicule & tail.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Kolupara and
Sikharbali of Baruipur block and from Joynagar block on 23. 09. 2005.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present specimens fit well with the type
specimens of Tyleptus projecms described by Thome (1939). Goseco et al. (1974)
reported a single male of T. projectus from Martin State Forest, Indiana in which
spicule is 43.0pm long. Jana and Baqri (1981b) reported this species from soil around
the roots of banana (Musa sp. ) from Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India in which
the spicule length of male population is 30.0 - 32.0pm being totally consistent with
the present specimens. This is the first report of T. projectus from South 24-parganas
district, West Bengal, India.
5.1.24. Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) parateres Siddiqi, 1964

(Figure 24, A -1)
Measurements:
Females: L = 1.21 -1.31mm; a = 32.83 - 36.76; b = 5.84 - 6.60; c = 50.0 - 56.43; c/ = 0.90 -
1.0; V = 42.04 - 45.34%; Gi = 17.28 - 24.40%; G2 = 16.08 - 34.06%; dorsal arm of
odontostyle = 12.0 - 15.0pm; ventral arm of odontostyle = 7.84 - 10.78pm;
odontostyle aperture = 1.96 - 2.94pm; odontophore = 10.0 - 12.0pm; maximum body
width = 34.0 - 37.0pm, length of pharynx = 196.0 - 208.0pm; body width at neck base
= 29.0 - 32.0pm; body width at vulva = 34.0 - 37.0pm; basal expanded part of
pharynx = 46.5 - 49.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 515.0 - 586.0pm;
vaginal length = 17.0 - 19.6pm; length of anterior gonad = 230.0 - 301.0pm; length of
posterior gonad = 201.0 - 448.0pm; prerectum = 39.0 - 71.0pm; rectum = 22.0 -
27.0pm; tail length = 23.3 - 24.5pm; anal body diameter = 24.5 - 27.0pm.
Males: L = 1.09 - 1.21mm; a = 34.06 - 36.75; b = 5.85 - 6.13; c = 44.48 - 53.45; d = 0.93 -
1.0; T = 52.89 - 64.99%; dorsal arm of odontostyle = 9.8 - 11.76pm; ventral arm of
odontostyle = 7.84 - 9.8pm; odontostyle aperture = 1.96 - 2.94pm odontophore =
10.0pm; maximum body width = 32.0 - 34.0pm, length of pharynx = 186.0 - 201.0pm;
body width at neck base = 28.0 - 29.0pm; basal expanded part of pharynx = 46.5 -
49.0iu.nn; prerectum = 130,0 - 152.0pm; rectum = 24.5 - 27.0pm; tail length = 22.0 -
24.5pm; anal body diameter = 22.0 - 24.5pm.; length of testis = 622.0 - 791.0|um;
spicule length = 29.4 - 34.0pm; lateral guiding piece = 8.82 - 9.8|um; Number of

Description:
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation. Cuticle with fine transverse striations,
1.22 - 4.9pm thick at the level of odontostyle and at mid body, 3.67 - 4.9pm on tail.
Body pores indistinct.
Lip region set off by constriction, narrower than adjoining body, 3.92 - 4.9pm
high, 8.82 - 9.8pm wide or 1/3.26 - 1/3.62 of the body width at neck base. Amphids
stirrup-shaped, 4.9pm from anterior end, 5.0pm wide or occupying slightly less than
half of the corresponding body width. Odontostyle asymmetrical, dorsal arm longer
than ventral arm, dorsally 1.22 - 1.44 and ventrally 0.8 - 1.11 lip region-width long.
Guiding ring very prominent, 6.0 - 7.0pm from anterior end. Odontophore not
straight, 1.13 - 1.36 lip region-widths long. Nerve ring at 73.5 - 86.0pm from anterior
end. Basal expanded part of pharynx 23.36 - 25.0% of the total neck length. Cardia
small, 4.9 - 6.86pm long, conoid or rounded.
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vagina unsclerotized, extending inward the
body slightly less than half of the corresponding body width. Reproductive system
amphidelphic. Both uteri filled with spindle-shaped sperms. Sphincter present at
uterus-oviduct junction. Ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 71.0 - 108.0pm and
posterior ovary 69.0 - 183.0pm long. One specimen with egg in the posterior branch
of gonad measuring 24.5 - 93.0pm.
similar in both sexes, short, with rounded terminus, 0.95 - 1.0 anal body-width long.
Male: Similar to female in general morphology except the following. Posterior half of
the body more ventrally curved. Testes outstretched. Spicules 1.30 - 1.38 anal body-
width long. Lateral guiding piece one-third to 1/3.85 of spicular length. Supplements
consist of 6 - 7 irregularly spaced ventromedians with an adanal pair. Prerectum 5.90
- 6.0 and rectum 1.0 - 1.11 anal body-widths long. Tail same as in female.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Sikharbali,
Baruipur block and Mograhat, Mograhat block on 23. 09. 2005 and 09. 06. 2007
respectively.
A,B
c,e,f,g,h
D,I
Figure 24. Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) parateres. Female: A. Entire body,

C & D. Anterior end showing pharynx and amphid, E. Oesophago-intestinal
junction & cardia, F & G. Reproductive system & intra-uterine eggs, H. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, I. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements,
spicule & tail.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Siddiqi (1963) described Dorylaimoides parateres
from soil around the roots of Citrus sinensis L. from Madhya Pradesh, India without
any male. The present female specimens agree well with those except in having more
posteriorly placed vulva and shorter prerectum (V = 39 - 41%; prerectum = 150.0pm
long in the type specimens). Goseco et al. (1976) expressed doubt about the males of
D. (D.) parateres, reported by Baqri and Jairajpuri (1969) from soil around the roots
of Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea) at Banaras, Uttar Pradesh, which comes more close
to D. indicus Jairajpuri, 1965. The present specimens are also in well consonance with
those specimens of D, (D.) parateres reported by Baqri and Khera (1979) from
Coochbehar district, West Bengal from rhizosphere of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). These
specimens confirms the bisexuality of D. (D.) parateres by the presence of sperms in
the uteri as reported by Jana and Baqri (1981b) from unidentified grasses at
Coochbehar district, West Bengal, India. The species has also been reported by Bohra
and Baqri (2004) from soil around the roots of guava from Gujarat, India. This is the
first report of the species from the district South 24-Parganas.
5.1.25. Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) thornei sp. n.

(Figure 25, A-H; Plate 13)
Female: Body ventrally curved on fixation, gradually tapering towards anterior
extremity from the neck base. Cuticle without any distinct transverse striations,
2.45pm (1.22 - 2.45pm) thick at the level of odontostyle and at mid body, 4.5pm (4.5
- 7.0pm) on tail. Body pores absolutely indistinct.
Lip region very minutely set off by depression or almost confluent with the
body contour, narrower than adjoining body, 4.9pm high, 7.5pm (7.5 - 9.8pm) wide
or 1/4.53 (1/3.76 - 1/4.53) of body width at neck base. Amphids stirrup-shaped,
6.86pm (4.9 - 6.86pm) from anterior end 7.5pm (6.0 - 7.5pm) wide or about half to
slightly more than half of the corresponding body width.
Odontostyle asymmetrical, dorsal arm longer than ventral arm, dorsally 1.96
(1.38 - 1.96) and ventrally 1.43 (1.1 - 1.43) lip region-widths long. Odontophore
weak, 1.30 (1.15 - 1.30) lip region-widths long. Guiding ring not very prominent in
all of the specimens, 6.0pm (6.0 - 7.35pm) from anterior end. Nerve ring at 105.0pm
(91.0 - 105.0pm) from anterior end. Pharyngeal bulb cylindrical, 1.58 (1.45 - 1.78)
times the neck base-width long or 25.96% (25.96 - 27.96%) of the total pharyngeal
length. Glandularium 58.33% (69.64 - 79.72%) of cylindrus. Cardia small, round to
conoid. Locations of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 83.86% (76.17 - 83.86%);
ASi= 52.88% (40.09 - 52.88%); AS2 = 62.22% (44.54 - 62.82%).
Vulva transverse, pre-equatorial. Vagina unsclerotized, extending inward 1/2.1
(1/1.89 - 1/2.46) of corresponding body width. Length of pars proximalis vagina
15.5pm (13.0 - 16.0pm), pars refringens absent and pars distalis 4.0pm (3.5 -
4.5pm). Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both the uteri filled with spindle-shaped
sperms. Distinct sphincter present at uterus-oviduct junction. Both ovaries reflexed,
anterior ovary 66.15pm (66.15 - 103.0pm) and posterior ovary 83.3pm (83.3 -
117.6pm) long. Oocytes arranged in a single row except at tip.
Prerectum 5.51 (3.81 - 6.51), rectum 0.74 (0.74 - 0.90) anal body-width long.
Tail short, 1.03 (1.03 - 1.14) anal body-widths long, bluntly rounded with thick
cuticle on terminus.
Male: Similar to females in general morphology but small and more delicate in
appearance with the following exceptions. Posterior half of body more ventrally
curved. Testes outstretched. Spicules wide, 1.26 anal body-widths long. Supplements
inconspicuous, almost confluent with the outer cuticular body wall, consist of three
regularly spaced ventromedians and an adanal pair. Prerectum 9.17, rectum 1.08 anal
body-widths long Tail shape same as in female, short, 0.86 anal body-width long.
Type specimen: Holotype registration No. WN 1040 along with four female
paratypes on same slide. Paratype registration No. WN 1041 (1$). Deposited in
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Padmajala,
Dhapdhapi (East) of Baruipur block on 27. 07. 2005.
Etymology: The new species has been named after legendary nematologist Professor
G. Thome.
Table 12. Morphometric data on Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) thornei sp. n.
Holotype Paratype females (4) Male

Characters Female Min Max Mean ±SD SE (D
L 1.15 1.13 1,26 1.18 0.07 0.04 0.76
a 28.2 28.44 32,35 30.503 1.96 1.13 34.54
b 5.56 5.6 5,98 5.81 0.19 0.11 5.17
c 41.3 40.6 45.07 42.43 2.34 1.35 51.7
d 1.03 1.03 1.14 1.06 0.06 0.03 0.86

V% $ /T % S 42.8 43.31 44.05 43.68 0.37 0.21 67.69
Gi% 18.41 20.36 24.52 22.28 2.09 1.21 ...
G2% 21.61 18.11 23.69 21.36 2.9 1.67 ....
Dorsal arm of odontostyle 14.7 11.76 13.72 12.74 0.98 0.56 11.76
Ventral arm of odontostyle 10.78 9.8 10.78 10.12 0.56 0.33 9.8
Maximum body width 41.0 37.0 41.0 39 2 1.15 22.0
Body width below head 15.0 15.0 15.0 15 0 0 12.0
Body width at neck base 34.0 32.0 37.0 34 2.65 1.52 21.0
Body width at vulva 41.0 37.0 41.0 39 2 1.15 —

Expanded part of pharynx 54.0 54.0 59.0 56.33 2.51 1.45 37.0
Length of Glanduiarium 31.5 39.0 44.0 40.66 2.88 1.66 29.5
Length of anterior gonad 213.0 250.0 286.0 264.33 19.08 11.02 —
Length of posterior gonad 250.0 206.0 299.0 255 46.7 26.96 —
Anterior end to vulva 495.0 492.5 556.0 519.33 32.87 18.97 —
Vaginal length 19.5 16.66 20.0 18.72 1.8 1.04 —
Tail length 28.0 28.0 28.0 28 0 0 14.7

Anal body width 27.0 24.5 27.0 26.16 1.44 0.83 17.0
Length of rectum 20.0 22.0 24.5 22.83 1.44 0.83 18.5
Testis length — — — — — — 514.5
Length of Spicules — — — — — — 21.56
No. of V. M. supplements -- — — — — — 4
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides)
thornei sp. n. is characterized in having long odontostyle (11.76 - 14.7pm),

amphidelphic genital system in females, absence of pars refringens vagina and by
short rounded tail. The male is characterized by shorter body length, shorter spicules,
and three regularly spaced Ventromedian supplements with an adanal pair.
C, E, H
Figure 25. Doryloimoides (Dorylaimoides) thomei sp. n. Female: A. Entire

body, GAnterior end showing odontostyle, D. Anterior portion of body
showing pharynx, oesophago-intestinal junction & eardia, E. Amphid, F.
Reproductive system, G. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements,

spicule & tail
Plate 13. Photomicrographs of Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides ) thomei

sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior end, D. Reproductive system
& anterior branch of gonad, E. Posterior branch of gonad, F. Vulva,
G. Oesophago - intestinal junction & cardia, H. Posterior end.
Male: B. Entire body, I. Spicules, J. Posterior end with ventromedian
supplements.
The new species comes closer to D. (D.) indicus Jairajpuri, 1965, D. (D.)
parateres Siddiqi, 1964 and D. (D.) teres Thorne and Swanger, 1936 among the
didelphic-amphidelphic species of the genus having short tails. It differs from D. (D.)
indicus in haying shorter body length, longer odontostyle, by different values of ‘a’
and ‘c’ in female as well as shorter tail, shorter spicules and lesser number of
ventromedian supplements in male (in D. indicus L = 1.3 - 1.5pm; odontostyle =
7.0pm; a = 40 - 42; c = 62 - 64; male tail = 24.0pm, spicules 38.0pm, number of
supplements = 05). From D. parateres, the present new species differs in having
almost continuous cephalic region, long odontostyle, longer pharyngeal bulb, different
‘b’ value, more posterior vulva, shorter spicule, different number and arrangement of
ventromedian supplements and much shorter tail in male (In D. parateres, cephalic
region distinctly set off; odontostyle = 8.0 - 9.5pm; pharyngeal bulb = 48.0pm; b =
6.4 - 6.6; V = 39 - 41%; tail length of male = 28.0 - 30.0pm; seven irregularly
spaced ventromedian supplements; spicules 35.0 - 36.0pm). Finally, D. (D.) thornei
n. sp. differs from D. teres in having rounded and almost continuous lip region, longer
odontostyle, without having pars dialata in oviduct, longer rounded tail in female,
different number of ventromedian supplements and shorter tail in male (in D. teres lip
region slightly angular and off set; odontostyle = 6.0pm; pars dialata in oviduct
present; female tail = 21.0 - 24.0pm with rounded-conoid terminus; male tail =
20.0pm; ventromedian supplements = 5-7).
Remark: Peralta and Santiago (1995) and Santiago and Peralta (1997) observed
variations in some of the measurements of D. indicus and D. teres which differ from
those of the type specimens.
Key to the didelphic species of the genus Dorylaimoides Thorne & Swanger, 1936
(Modified after Santiago and Peralta, 1997)
1. L > 1.8mm.................................................................................................................2
-L< 1.8mm.................................................................................................................4
2. L > 2.5 mm; c < 8 in females..............................................................Dorylaimoides
(Longidorylaimoides) logicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Thome and Swanger, 1936
- L < 2.5mm; c = 9 in females...................................................................................3
3. a = 50; odontostyle = 8pm; tail < 170pm.........................D. (L.) ariasae Loof, 1990
- a > 50; odontostyle = 5pm; tail > 180pm...................D. (L.) leptura Siddiqi, 1965
4. Tail filiform, longer than 70pm; c;> 4......................................................................5
- Tail conically elongate to rounded, shorter than 70pm; c7< 4................................13
5. Female tail < 100pm; c > 14; c1 < 5.........................D. (L.) akon Goseco etal, 1976
- Female tail > 100pm; c < 14: c;> 5...........................................................................6
6. Female tail > 200pm............................................. ...................................................7
- Female tail < 200|im.................................................................................................8
7. Odontostyle 1 1pm; spicules strongly ventrally curved, 34 - 36pm long..................
........................................................ .D. (L.) malabaricus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1983
- Odontostyle 4 - 7pm; spicules slightly ventrally curved, 24 - 29pm long................
................................................................... D. (L.) filicaudatus Jana & Baqri, 1982
8. Vulva pre-equatorial to almost equatorial V = 44 - 49...............................................
.............................................................. D. (L.) hispanicus Peralta & Santiago, 1995
- Vulva pre-equatorial, V < 43....................................................................................9
9. Female tail > 130pm...............................................................................................10
- Female tail < 130pm..............................................................................................11
10. L < 1.3mm; V = 35 - 38; supplements 5-6; spicules 27 - 30pm...........................
................................................................................ D (L.) elaboratus Siddiqi, 1965
- L > 1.3mm; V = 39 - 40; supplements 9-11; spicules 35 - 42pm...........................
.......................................................................................D. (L.) lepidus Timm, 1964
11. Odontostyle robust; spicules strongly ventrally curved............................................
............................................................................. D. (L.) paulbuchneri Meyl, 1956
- Odontostyle slender; Spicules moderately ventrally curved...................................12
12. Vagina cylindrical.................................... .D. (L.)parvus Thome & Swanger, 1936
- Vagina conical or pear-shaped.................................... D. (L.) similis Thome, 1964
13. Tail conical elongate or with more or less blunt terminus, sometimes digitate.. ..14
- Tail short, rounded or hemispherical, sometimes mammilate.............................. 24
14. Tail regularly ventrally curved on ventral side.........................................................
............... Dorylaimoides (Dorylaimoides) arcuicaudatus Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969
- Ventral side of the tail straight or dorsally bent at the end...................................15
15. Tail regularly convex dorsally...............................................................................16
- Tail first convex dorsally, then concave with digitate appearance.......................20
16. Ventral side of tail with a peculiar irregular contour................................................
................................................................ D. (D.) ornatus Peralta & Santiago, 1995
- Ventral side of tail smooth and regular..............................................................17
17. L < 0.9mm; odontostyle 1.1 - 1.4 times the lip region width long...........................
............................................................................ D. (D.) loofi Baqri & Khera, 1979
- L > 0.9mm; odontostyle shorter than lip region width.........................................18
18. Lip region amalgamated and continuous...........D. (D.) enodis Goseco et al., 1976
- Lip region set off by constriction..........................................................................19
19. L < 1.3mm; V < 50 %.............................................D. (D.) buccinator Sauer, 1967
- L > 1.3; V = 50 - 57 %..............................................D. (D.) websteri Sauer, 1967
20. Female tail < 45pm long..........................................................................................
...........D. (Digidorylaimoides) elegans (de man, 1880) Thome & Swanger, 1936
- Female tail > 45pm long.......................................................................................21
21. Vulva pre-equatorial (V = 45 - 48).................D. (D.) leptus Husain & Khan, 1968
- Vulva more anteriorly placed (V = 39 - 44).........................................................22
22. Lip region set off; 8 regularly spaced ventromedians supplements in male.............
.................................................... D. (Dorylaimoides) siddiqi Baqri & Khera, 1979
- Lip region continuous or slightly set off; 4-7 irregularly spaced ventromedian
supplements in male........................................................................................... 23
23. Supplements begin at the level of spicules; spicules longer (32 - 38pm)................
......D. (Digidorylaimoides) micoletzkyi (de Man, 1921) Thome & Swanger, 1936
- Supplements begin one spicular length anterior to cloaca; spicules shorter (29 -
30pm)................................................................D. (D.) pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1964
24. Tail terminus with a mammilate projection..............................................................
................................. .D. (Dorylaimoides) chamoliensis Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1983
- Tail terminus without any projection.................................................................... 25
25. Vulva distinctly post-equatorial (V = 60)............ .D. (D.) thecolaimus Heyns, 1965
- Vulva distinctly pre-equatorial (V < 50)...............................................................26
26. Pharyngeal bulb 46.5 - 49.0pm long......................D. (D.) parateres Siddiqi, 1964
- Pharyngeal bulb > 50pm.......................................................................................27
27. Pharyngeal bulb distinctly > 50pm but less than 60pm in females; odontostyle
11.76 - 14.7pm; male tail short (14.7pm)............................. ,D. (D.) thornei sp. n.
- Pharyngeal bulb > 60pm; odontostyle < 10.5pm; male tail > 20pm.................... 28
28. Odontostyle 7pm long; female tail hemispherical..D. (D.) indicus Jairajpuri, 1965
- Odontostyle 6.0 - 10.5pm long; female tail rounded-conoid..................................
................ .................................................. D. (D.) teres Thome & Swanger, 1936
5.1.26. Dorylaimoides (Longidorylaimoides) parvus Thorne and

Swanger, 1936
(Figure 26, A-I)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.05 -1,28mm; a = 37.87 - 44.0; b = 5.25 - 6.0; c = 9.3 -10.37; o' = 5.6 - 6.5;
V = 35.2 - 39.0%; Gi = 13.17 - 19.16%; G2 = 17.68 - 29.38%; dorsal arm of odontostyle
=10.78 - 17.64pm; ventral arm of odontostyle = 8.82 - 14.7pm; odontostyle aperture = 2.9 -
3.9pm; odontophore = 13.7 - 19.6pm; maximum body width = 27.0 - 32.0pm, length of
pharynx = 194.0 - 220.0pm; body width at neck base = 25.72 - 27.0pm; body width at vulva =
27.0 - 31.8pm; basal expanded part of pharynx = 51.0 - 61.0pm; glandularium = 30.0 -
42.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 392.0 - 502.0pm; vaginal length = 13.5 -
16.9pm; length of anterior gonad = 103.0 - 135.0pm; length of posterior gonad = 145.0 -
198.0pm; prerectum = 115.0 - 147.0pm; rectum = 22.0 - 29.0pm; tail length = 113.0 -
127.0pm; anal body diameter = 18.0 - 22.0pm.
Males: L = 1.0 -1,1mm; a =33.27 - 40.9; b = 5.24 - 5.9; c = 10.35 -11.0; o' = 4.6 - 5.8; T =
48.8 - 61.34 %; dorsal arm of odontostyle = 8.8 - 14.7pm; ventral arm of odontostyle
= 10.78 - 11.76pm; odontostyle aperture = 2.9 - 3.9pm; odontophore = 13.7 -
14.7pm; maximum body width = 24.5 - 33.0pm, length of pharynx = 186.0 - 196.0pm;
body width at neck base = 22.0 - 29.4pm; basal expanded part of pharynx = 48.0 -
59.0pm; glandularium = 29.4 -47.0pm; prerectum = 144.0 - 171.5pm; rectum = 24.5
- 31.0pm; tail length = 91.0 - 106.0pm; anal body diameter = 18.0 - 19.5pm.; length
of testis = 541.0 - 649.0pm; spicule length = 28.42 - 31.36pm; Number of
Description:
Female: Body strongly ventrally curved on fixation. Cuticle with very fine transverse
striations, 2.45pm thick at mid body and 3.67 - 4.9pm on tail.
Lip region almost continuous or slightly set off, narrower than adjoining body,
4.9pm high, 7.35 - 9.8pm wide or slightly less than one-third of the body width at
neck base. Amphids stirrup-shaped, 6.0 - 7.0pm wide.
Odontostyle 1.4 - 1.86 lip region widths long dorsally and 1.0 - 1.33 lip
region widths long ventrally, its aperture 2.94 - 3.92pm. Odontophore not straight,
1.4 - 2.5 lip region widths long. Guiding ring 6.0 - 8.0pm from anterior end. Basal
expanded portion of pharynx occupying 27.27 - 29.89% of total neck length. Cardia
round or tongue-shaped. Glandularium 55.55 - 73.21% of cylindrus. Locations of
pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 78.5 - 86.5%; ASi= 51.57 - 79.0%; AS2 = 56.29 -
88.45%;
Vulva transverse, distinctly pre-equatorial. Vagina unsclerotized, about half of
the corresponding body-width long. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Sperms
present in the uteri. Distinct sphincter present at the uterus-oviduct junction. Both
ovaries reflexed, anterior ovary 37.0 - 90.0pm and posterior ovary 64.0 - 147.0pm
long.
elongate, attenuated ending in a finely rounded terminus, 5.6 - 6.5 anal body-widths
long. Terminal portion of tail dorsally bent.
Male: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Body more
ventrally curved in the posterior half of the body. Testes outstretched. Spicules 1.45 -
1.74 anal body-widths long. Lateral guiding piece 7.0 - 9.0pm long. Supplements
consist of 4 - 5 regularly spaced ventromedians and an adanal pair. Prerectum 7.38 -
9.11 and rectum 1.36 - 1.58 anal body-width long. Tail same as in female, 4.6 - 5.8
anal body-widths long.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Chongo and
Bosepukur of Baruipur block on 27. 07. 2005 and from Mathurapur of Mathurapur
block on 10. 08. 2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The present specimens are in well conformity with
the type specimens of Dorylaimoides (Longidorylaimoides) parvus. The specimens
also agree with the specimens of D. (L.) parvus reported by Jana and Baqri (1981b)
from soil around the roots of paddy (Oryza sativa) at Burdwan district, West Bengal
except in having shorter body and slightly different ‘c’ value (L = 1.29 - 1.56mm in
females and 1.25 - 1.43mm in males, c=12-14in females in the specimens reported
by Jana & Baqri, 1981b).
Figure 26. Dorylaimoides (Longidorylaimoides) parous. Female: A. Entire

body, D. Anterior end showing odontostyle & amphid, E. Anterior portion
of body showing pharynx, oesophago-intestinal junction & cardia, F. Repro
ductive system, G. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, C. Anterior end, H. Posterior end showing Ventrome-

dian supplements, spicule & tail, I. Spicule.
5.1.27. Clavicaudoides caudatus (Jairajpuri, 1964) Ahmad &

Jairajpuri, 1982
(Figure 27, A - E)
Measurements: L = 1.42 -1.55mm; a = 38.54 - 42.05; b = 3.75 - 4.04; c = 57.62 - 65.68; d -
0.84 -1.0; V = 46.64 - 49.15%; Gi = 9.25 -11.82%; G2 = 10.58 -13.81%; Mural tooth
= 11.76 -13.72pm; maximum body width = 34.0 - 37.0jj.rn; length of pharynx = 358.0
- 380.0jjm; body width at neck base = 32.0 - 34.0pm; body width at vulva = 34.0 -
37.0|jm; expanded part of pharynx = 184.0 - 198.0|jm; glandularium = 113.0 -
140.0jim; distance of vulva from anterior end = 674.0 - 745.0pm; vaginal length = 14.7
- 18.62jjm; length of anterior gonad = 132.0 - 184.0jj.rn; length of posterior gonad =
157.0 - 215.0jjm; prerectum = 62.0 - 81.0|um; rectum = 22.0 - 29.0jjm; tail length =
22.0 - 27.0jjm; anal body diameter = 24.5 - 27.0|jm.
Description:
Females: Body slightly ventrally curved upon fixation, cylindrical, bluntly rounded at
both the ends. Cuticle with very faint longitudinal lines, 1.22jjm at anterior portion
and at mid body, 3.67 - 4.9pm thick on tail.
Lip region bluntly rounded, almost continuous or slightly set off by
depression, slightly wider than adjoining body, 4.9 — 6pm high, 11.0 - 13.47pm wide
or 1 / 2.5 to one-third of the body width at neck base, lips obscure, cephalic papillae
absent. Amphids not visible. Mural tooth needle-like, linear, 0.96 - 1.06 head width
long with very minute aperture. Pharyngeal cavity distinctly visible with prominent
sclerotisation, narrowing posteriorly to join pharyngeal lumen. Expanded portion of
pharynx occupies about half (50.38 - 52.10%) of total pharyngeal length. Nerve ring
at 113.0 - 120.0pm from anterior end. Glandularium 67.85 - 72.16% of the expanded
part of pharynx. The positions of pharyngeal gland nuclei: D = 63.18 - 64.47%; ASj=
28.40 - 30.94%; AS2 = 31.95 - 34.3%; PS! = 61.89 - 70.70%; PS2 = 65.57 - 73.5%.
Three rounded glands present at the junction of pharynx and intestine measuring 5.88
- 6.86pm x 6.86 - 7.84pm.
Vulva transverse, slightly pre-equatorial or almost equatorial. Vagina 1/1.82 -
1/ 2.31 of the corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries
Figure 27. Clavicaudoides caudatus. Female. A. Entire body, B. Anterior

end showing mural tooth, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction & glands, D.
reproductive system, E. Tail.
Distinct sphincter present at uterus- oviduct junction.
Prerectum two and half to three anal body-width long, rectum 0.81 - 1.31 anal
body width long. Tail slightly clavate with rounded terminus, 0.84 -1.0 anal body
width long.
Male: Not found.
Habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Rathtala,
Joynagar block on 23. 09. 2005
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Jairajpuri (1964) described this species under the
genus Nygellus Thome, 1939 from soil around the roots of grass at Simla, Himachal
Pradesh, India based on a single female specimen. The present female specimens fit
well with the type specimen except in having a slightly longer body, variation in the
position of vulva and nerve ring (L = 1.3m; V = 39 and nerve ring 104pm from
anterior end in the type specimen). This is the first report of the species from West
Bengal.
5.1.28. Aquatides heynsi sp. n.

(Figure 28, A - F; Plate 14)
Description:
Female: Body almost straight on fixation, gradually tapering towards anterior end
from the base of pharynx. Cuticle 3.0pm thick at mid body and 8.0pm on tail. Dorsal,
ventral and lateral body pores indistinct.
Lip region symmetrical, continuous, and slightly narrower than adjoining
body, truncate and labial papillae not elevated; its width 14.7pm or about one-fifth of
pharyngeal-base width. Amphids at 4.9pm from anterior end, not clearly visible.
Tooth linear, about 0.79 times the lip region width long. Expanded part of
pharynx occupying 59.66% of the pharyngeal length. Nerve ring at 179.0pm from
anterior end surrounding the anterior slender portion of pharynx. Basal part of
pharynx enclosed in a conspicuous sheath, forming basal pockets. Cardiac glands
round, measuring 6.86pm in diameter. Cardia tongue-shaped, 7.0pm long. Location
of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 49.33%; ASi= 17.33%; AS2 = 18.66%; PSi
= 60.8%; PS2 = 63.46%.
Vulva transverse, slit-like. Vagina 29pm long or slightly less than half (1/2.2)
of the corresponding body width. Gonads amphidelphic, anterior branch gonad longer
than the posterior branch. Both ovaries reflexed. Anterior ovary short, 73.5pm long
with numerous oocytes, posterior ovary 117.6pm long and reflexed almost near to
vulva.
Prerectum 2.33 and rectum 0.94 anal body-width long. Tail 0.83 anal body-
width long with rounded terminus. Two caudal pores on each side of tail.
Male: Slightly shorter than female. Body straight on fixation but tail slightly ventrally
curved assuming incomplete T shape. Tooth smaller than female, 0.68 lip region-
width long. Expanded portion of pharynx 65.53% of total pharyngeal length. Nerve
ring at 164pm from anterior end. Cardiac glands 5.88pm in diameter. Testes paired
and reflexed. Supplements consist of 5 irregularly spaced ventromedians without any
adanal pair. Spicules massive, arcuate, 1.16 anal body-widths long along median axis,
Gubemaculum sickle-shaped, 8.0pm long or 1/6.75* of spicule length. Prerectum
longer than female, 2.58 anal body-width long.
Juveniles: Body straight or slightly ventrally curved on fixation. Cuticle 1.96 -
2.94pm thick at mid body and 4.9 - 6.5pm on tail. Tooth 0.64 - 0.76 and replacing
tooth 0.65 - 0.76 lip region-width long. Expanded part of pharynx occupying 53.26 -
70.17% of its total length. Nerve ring at 154 - 171pm from anterior end. Cardiac
glands almost round, 4.9 - 5.88pm in diameter. Cardia 5pm long. Prerectum 2.7 - 3.5
and rectum 0.72 - 0.90 anal body-width long. Tail 0.84 - 1.07 anal body-width long
with rounded terminus. Caudal pores invisible.
Type specimen: Holotype registration No. WN 994 along with one male paratype
and two juveniles on same slide. Paratype registration No. WN 995 (7 juveniles).
India.
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Sitala,
Sonarpur block on 24. 07.2005.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Dr. J.
Heyns.
Figure 28. Aquatides heynsi sp. n. Female: A. Anterior end showing mural
tooth, B. Oesophago - intestinal junction & glands, C. Reproductive system,
D. Tail.
Male: E. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements, spicule &
gubemaculum. Juvenile: F. Anterior end showing replacing mural tooth.
Plate 14. Photomicrographs of Aquatides heynsi sp.n. Female: A. Entire body

without some portion of posterior end, C. Anterior end, D. Oesophago - intestinal
junction with glands, E. Anterior branch of gonad, F. Vulva & vagina, G. Posterior end
Male: B. Entire body, H. Reflexed testes, I. Spicules, J. Tail with ventromedian

supplements,
Juvenile: K. Anterior end with replacing mural tooth.

Table 13. Morphometric data on Aquatides heynsi sp. n. (All measurements are in
pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined given in the
parenthesis)
Holotype Paratype Juveniles (9)

female Male (1) Min Max Mean ±SD SE
L 2.7S 2.52 1.45 2.27 1.78 0.36 0.18
a 36.81 35.5 29.75 38.97 34.43 3.85 1.92
b 3.8 3.89 3.22 3.7 3.37 0.22 0.11
c 71.74 57.29 50.27 61.59 55.18 4.73 2.36
d 0.83 0.94 0.84 1.07 0.98 0.1 0.05
V%/T% 52.53 57.35 -- — — — —
Gi% 11.54 — — — — — —
G2 % 9.04 — — — — — —
Length of Mural tooth 11.76 10.78 8.82 9.8 9.31 0.56 0.28
Replacing mural tooth __ -- 8.82 9.8 9.31 0.56 0.28
Body width at neck base 76.0 71.0 41.0 68.0 52.37 11.34 5.67
Body width at vulva 64.0 - - - - - -
Pharyngeal length 735.0 647.0 446.0 615.0 527 72.92 36.46

Expanded part of
pharynx 439.0 424.0 294.0 353.0 313.5 27.81 13.9
Length of Glandularium 367.5 338.1 245.0 305.76 275.38 42.96 30.38
Length of cardia 7.0 6.5 5.0 5.0 5 0 0
Cardiac glands (across) 6.86 5.88 4.9 5.88 5.22 0.56 0.32
Length of anterior
gonad 323.0
Length of posterior
gonad 253.0
Anterior end to vulva 1470.0 — — — — — —
Vaginal length 29.0 — — — — — —
Tail length 39.0 44.0 29.0 37.0 32.25 3.95 1.97

Anal body width 46.5 46.5 27.0 44.0 33.25 7.8 3.9
Length of rectum 37.0 —
24.5 24.5 24.5 0 0
Testis length — 1446.0 — — — — —
Length of Spicules — 54.0 — — — — ...
V. M. supplements — 5 — — — — —
Length of gubemaculum — 8.0 — — — — —
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Although Aquatides heynsi sp. n.

has a symmetrical lip region, it shows similarities with A. deconincki Jairajpuri and
Coomans, 1977 and A. christicki Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982 having asymmetrical lip
region. Apart from symmetrical lip region, the proposed new species differs from A.
deconincki in having a longer pharynx and much smaller tooth. It also differs from the
males of A. deconincki in having shorter spicule (pharynx = 550 - 565pm; tooth = 26
- 29pm; spicules = 59 - 63pm in A. deconincki). Aquatides heynsi sp. n. distinctly
differs from A. christicki in having a longer body, pharynx and smaller tooth. It
further differs from A. christicki in having a longer prerectum in both female and
male, longer spicules and in number of ventromedian supplements in male (L - 1.66 -
1.83pm; pharynx = 411 - 475pm; tooth = 19 - 23pm; prerectum = 35 - 50pm in
female and 40 - 50pm in male; spicules = 36 - 39pm, 3-4 irregularly spaced
ventromedians with an adanal pair of supplements in A. christicki).
Aquatides heynsi sp. n. comes very closer to A. aquaticus (Thome, 1930)
Thome, 1974 in various dimensions as well as in body structures. But it distinctly
differs from A. aquaticus in having longer pharynx, much shorter tooth and in lacking
adanal pair of supplement in male (in A. aquaticus, pharynx in female = 625 -
677pm, in male = 605pm; tooth = 17 - 22pm; 5-8 ventromedian supplements with
an adanal pair in male).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS AQUATIDES IIEYNS, 1968

1. Lip region distinctly asymmetrical; tooth longer...................................................... 2
- Lip region slightly asymmetrical; tooth comparatively smaller...............................4
2. Tooth 26 - 29pm; tail short, rounded .A. deconincki Jairajpuri & Coomans, 1977
- Tooth smaller, 19 - 24pm; tail long, convex-conoid................................................3
3. Body length 2mm; spicules 42 - 45pm...... .A. christei (Heyns, 1968) Thome, 1974
- L = 1.5 - 1.8pm; spicules 36 - 39pm.........A. christicki Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
4. Pharyngeal bulb conspicuous......................................................................................
........................................ .A. intermedius (de Man, 1880) Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
- Pharyngeal bulb moderately developed...................................................................5
5. Body length more than 3.0mm.................................................................................. 6
- Body length less than 3.0mm.................................................................................... 8
6. Body wider, tooth 24 - 26pm............................................... A. smoliki Thome, 1974
- Body slender; tooth 20pm or less............................................................................. 7
7. Vulva post-equatorial (V = 52 - 55)...........................................................................
............................................. .A. shadini (Filipjev, 1928) Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
- Vulva pre-equatorial (V = 44)...............................A. rotundicaudatus Thome, 1974
8. Body length less than 2.0mm; tooth 9 - 17pm..................................................... 9
- Body length more than 2.0mm; tooth variable in length........................................10
9. Body less than 2mm but longer than 1.5mm; tooth 12 - 17 pm.................................
......................................... .A. thornei (Schneider, 1937) Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
- Body small, 0.9 - 1.1mm; tooth 9-11 pm..............A. minutus Dhanam et al., 2002
10. Tooth 17 - 22pm; ventromedian supplements 5-8 with an adanal pair.................
....................................................................... A. aquaticus (Thome, 1930) Thome, 1974
- Tooth 12pm or less long; ventromedian supplements 5 without any adanal pair.....
........................................................................................................ .A. heynsi sp. n.
5.1.29. Laevides laevis (Thorne, 1939) Thorne, 1974

(Figure 29, A - E)
Number of females collected: 10;
Measurements: L = 1.51 -1.66mm; a = 41.52 - 44.22; b = 3.36 - 3.51; c = 57.27 - 70.18; d =
0.81 -1.0; V = 48.67 - 50.93%; Gi = 8.40 -11.06%; G2 = 9.73 -13.05%; Mural tooth
= 7.84 - 9.8pm; maximum body width = 34.3 - 40.0pm; length of pharynx = 443.5 -
480.0pm; body width at neck base = 34.3 - 40.0pm; body width at vulva = 34.3 -
39.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 233.0 - 269.5pm; glandularium = 245.0 -
289.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 752.0 - 808.5pm; vaginal length = 14.7
- 17.15pm; length of anterior gonad = 139.65 - 174.0pm; length of posterior gonad =
161.7 - 198.0pm; prerectum = 46.5 - 54.0pm; rectum = 19.6 - 24.5pm; tail length =
22.0 - 29.0pm; anal body diameter = 24.5 - 29.0pm.
Description:
Female: Body slightly ventrally curved on fixation, gradually tapering towards
anterior end from the base of pharynx. Cuticle thick on tail and on tail tip with fine
striations, 1.25 - 2.5pm thick at mid body, 4.9 - 6.0pm on tail and 6.0 - 8.5pm on tail
terminus.
Lip region continuous, narrower than adjoining body. Head 4.9 - 5.88pm
high, 10.78 - 11.76pm wide or 1/2.91 - 1/3.4 of the neck base-width. Amphids
stirrup-shaped with slit-like aperture.
Tooth dorylaimoid, less than the width of lip region or 0.72 - 0.83 lip region-
width long. Expanded portion of pharynx occupying 52.0 - 57.36% of the total
pharyngeal length. Nerve ring at 179.0 - 191.0pm from anterior end. Cardiac glands
almost rounded, 6.0 - 9.8pm x 7.0 - 12.0pm in diameter, eardia indistinct. Locations
of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 38.79 - 45.24%; AS,= 34 - 37.30%; AS2 =
34.58 - 38.65%; PS, = 64.94 - 67.82%; PS2 = 65.33 - 69.17%.
Vulva transverse, slightly pre-equatorial to equatorial, Vagina about 1/2.5 of
the corresponding body-width long. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
reflexed, anterior ovary 37.0 - 51.5pm and posterior ovary 44.1 - 56.5pm long,
containing oocytes. Distinct sphincter present at uterus-oviduct junction.
Prerectum 1.68 - 2.0 and rectum 0.72 - 0.84 anal body-widths long. Tail 0.81
-1.0 anal body-width long, hemispherical, ending in a slightly clavate terminus with
two caudal pores on each side.
Male: Not found.
Habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Shalipur (West)
and South Gobindapur, Baruipur block on 23.11.2004 and 13.12.2004 respectively.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: The female of the present population conform well
to those described by Thome (1939) and by Heyns (1967). But the present specimens
are more similar to those reported by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982) from different
places of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Manipur from soil associated with
guava, apple and pine apple respectively except in having thicker cuticle on tail and
indistinct dorsal aperture of tooth (cuticle 2 - 5 pm thick on tail and dorsal aperture of
tooth clearly visible in those reported by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982).
200 gm
A
SOjim
C, D, 1
30 jim
B
Figure 29. Laevides laevis. Female: A. Entire body, B, Anterior end

showing mural tooth, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction, cardia & glands,
D. Reproductive system, E. Tail.
5.1.30. Nygellus shamimi sp. n.

(Figure 30, A - E; Plate 15)
Description: (Minimum - maximum range of some measurements of holotype and a
single paratype has been given in the parenthesis beside those of Holotype out side the
parenthesis)
Female: Body almost straight on fixation, slender, tapering gradually towards anterior
end from the base of pharynx. Cuticle very thin without striation all over the body, its
thickness 0.98pm (0.98 - 1.47pm) at the level of mural tooth, 1.47pm at mid body
and 1.5pm (1.0 - 1.5pm) on tail. Body pores indistinct.
Lip region continuous with body, truncate, as wide as adjoining body; 3.92pm
high, 11pm (9.8 - 11.0pm) or about half of the neck base-width wide, labial papillae
not elevated. Amphid at 4.9pm from anterior end, cup-shaped, about half of the lip
region width wide. Tooth linear, 0.77 (0.77 - 1.0) lip region width long. Nerve ring at
128.0pm (127.0 - 128.0pm) from anterior end surrounding the anterior slender part of
pharynx. Expanded part of pharynx 56.43% (56.43 - 57.67%) of its total length.
Spiral muscles at the basal expanded part of pharynx obscure. Cardiac glands small,
inconspicuous, almost rounded, measuring 2.94pm (2.94 - 3.92pm) in diameter.
Cardia small, 5.88pm (4.9 - 5.88pm) long, rounded. Dorsal oesophageal gland
located very near to the beginning of expanded part of pharynx. First pair of sub
ventral glands (ASi & AS2) very prominent. Location of pharyngeal gland nuclei are:
D = 48.76 - 49%; AS1= 17.20 - 20.16%; AS2 = 23.42 - 25.78%; PS* = 56.26 -
59.27%; PS2 = 62.36 - 62.62%.
Vulva transverse, distinctly pre-equatorial. Vagina about half of the
corresponding body width long, slightly posteriorly inclined or at right angle to the
body, vaginal wall sclerotized. Female reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic.
Anterior reproductive branch completely absent, even without any uterine sac.
Posterior branch of gonad well developed. Ovary reflexed, 56.0pm (56.0 - 108.0pm)
long with numerous oocytes. A well developed sphincter present at uterus-oviduct
junction.
Prerectum 3.08 (3.08 - 3.66) and rectum 1.95 (1.95 - 2.04) anal body-width
long. Body slightly narrow just before the anus or at the level of anus. Tail 2.83 anal
body-width long, 1.22 anal body width wide near its end, clavate with rounded
terminus. Caudal pores indistinct.
Juvenile: General body shape and morphology similar with those of females except
some differences in measurements and body ratios. Expanded portion of pharynx
55.94% of its total length. Nerve ring at 118.0pm from anterior end surrounding the
anterior slender part of pharynx. Cardia 4.9pm long, cardiac glands rounded
measuring 3.92pm in diameter. Tooth slender and weak, smaller than adult, 0.62 lip
region width long. Prerectum 3.25, rectum 1.63 and tail 2.66 anal body-width long.
Tail clavate with rounded terminus.
Male: Not found.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN 996 along with one female paratype
and one juvenile on same slide. Deposited in National Zoological Collection,
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Prof. Md.
Shamim Jairajpuri.
Type habitat & Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at
Natunpara, Dhapdhapi of Baruipur block on 27. 07.2005.
Differential diagnosis and Relationship: Nygellus shamimi sp. n. comes
closer to N. subclavatus Timm and Ameen, 1960, N. mozammili Jairajpuri, 1965 and
N. zingli Dhanam et al, 2002. But it differs from all known species of Nygellus by the
complete absence of anterior uterine sac except N. zingli. Further the new species
differs from N. subclavatus in having slightly longer tooth, inconspicuous and smaller
cardiac glands, shorter tail and in having a cardia (tooth = 7.0 - 7.2pm; cardiac gland
3.5 - 5 x 6.7 - 7pm; tail = 35.0 - 41.0pm and cardia absent in N. subclavatus). N.
shamimi sp. n. differs from N. mozammili in having a longer tooth, a distinctly shorter
tail evident from ‘c’ and c' value and in having cardia (tooth = 5.0pm; c = 50.0 - 67.0;
c' < 1.5 anal body-width and cardia absent in N. mozammili). N. shamimi sp. n shows
closest resemblance with N. zingli but it differs in having slightly short body,
continuous and symmetrical lip, greater ‘a’ value, sclerotized vaginal wall, shorter
tail, narrower anal body diameter and shorter rectum length (L = 1.3 - 1.5mm; lip set
off by depression and slightly asymmetrical at tip, a = 45.0 - 53.0; vaginal wall
weakly sclerotized, tail = 33.0 - 43.0pm; anal body diameter = 15.0 - 17.0pm and
rectum 23.0 - 33.0pm inN. zingli).
Figure 30. Nygellus shamimi. n. sp. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior

end, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction showing glands & cardia, D. Mono
- opisthodelphic reproductive system, E. Posterior end showing pre
rectum, rectum & tail.
Plate 15. Photomicrographs of Nygellus shamimi sp.n. Female: A. Entire

body, B. Anterior end, C. Oesophago - intestinal junction with glands,
D. Posterior end & tail, E. Reproductive system.
Table 14. Morphometric data on Nygellus shamimi sp. n. (All measurements are in pm
except L and body ratios, L in mm. As only one paratype female was available, minimum-
maximum range, mean, SD & SE calculated on the basis of holotype & single paratype)
Holotype Paratype Holotype - Paratype

Characters Female Female Min Max Mean ±SD SE Juvenile
L 1.28 1.29 1.28 1.29 1,28 0.007 0.005 1.25
a 58.45 52.89 52.89 58.45 55.67 3.93 2.78 57.22
b 3.18 3,2 3.18 3.2 3.19 0.01 0.01 3,02
c 37.82 38.11 37,82 38.11 37.96 0.2 0,14 39.34
d 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.83 0 0 2,66
V% 38.49 36.65 36.65 38.49 37.57 1.3 0.92 —
g2% 13.76 19.44 13.76 19.44 16.6 4.01 2.84 —
Length of Mural
tooth 8.5 9.5 8.5 9.5 9 0.7 0.5 7.5
Replacing mural
tooth 7.5
Maximum body
width 22.0 24.5 22.0 24.5 23.25 1,76 1,25 22
Body width below
head 11.0 9.8 9.8 11.0 10.4 0.85 0.6 11
Body width at
neck base 22.0 23.0 22.0 23.0 22.5 0.7 0.5 22
Body width at
vulva 22.0 24.5 22.0 24.5 23.25 1.76 1.25
Pharyngeal
length 404.0 404.0 404.0 404.0 404 0 0 416.5
Expanded part of
pharynx 228.0 233.0 228.0 233.0 230.5 3.53 2.5 233
Length of
Glandularium 205.0 209.0 205.0 209,0 207 2,82 2
Length of cardia 5.88 4.9 4,9 5.88 5.39 0.69 0.49 4.9
Cardiac glands
(diameter) 2.94 3.92 2.94 3.92 3.43 0.69 0.49 3.92
Length of
posterior gonad 177.0 252.0 177.0 252.0 214.5 53.03 37.5
Anterior end to
vulva 495.0 475.0 475.0 495.0 485 14.14 10
Vaginal length 9.8 11.76 9.8 11.76 10.78 1.38 0.98 ~
Tail length 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34 0 0 32

Anal body width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12 0 0 12
Body width at tail
end 14.7 14.7 14.7 14,7 14.7 0 0 14.7
Length of
prerectum 37.0 44.0 37.0 44.0 40.5 4.94 3.5 39
Length of rectum 23.5 24.5 23,5 24.5 24 0.7 0.5 19.6
REMARK AND DISCUSSION: It is to be mentioned that in the type specimens of

Nygellus subclavatus, the anterior uterine sac is completely absent as described by
Timm and Ameen (1960) from soil around the roots of pine apple from Dhaka,
Bangladesh. But Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982) reported the presence of rudimentary
anterior uterine sac in the specimens collected from soil around the roots of
unidentified water plants from Orrissa. The only species, without any anterior uterine
sac, beside the proposed new species, is N. zingli described by Dhanam et al. (2002).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS NYGELLUS THORNE, 1939

(Modified after Jairajpuri, 1965b and Heyns, 1967)
1. Tail about eight anal body-widths long; c = 10 - 13.........N. clavatus Thome, 1939
- Tail not more than three anal body-width long; c - 29 or more............................2
2. Tail 1.5-3 anal body-width long; anterior uterine sac rudimentary.................... 3
- Length of tail at least 2 anal body diameter but less than 3 anal body diameter;
anterior uterine sac completely absent.................................................................... 4
3. c = 50 - 67; mural tooth smaller (5pm); anterior uterine sac half vulval body width
long...........................................................................N. mozammili Jairajpuri, 1965
- c = 32 - 37; mural tooth longer (8 - 10pm); anterior uterine sac, if present, 7 -
15pm long................................................N. subclavatus Timm and Ameen, 1960
4. L = 1.3-1,5mm; tail 2.0 - 2.5 anal body-widths long.... N. zingli Dhanam et al,
2002
- L = 1.28 - 1.29mm; tail at least 2.83 anal body widths long........ M shamimi sp. n.
5.1.31. Aetholaimus indicus Jairajpuri, 1965

(Figure 31, A — F)
Measurements: L = 1.61 - 1.73mm; a = 32.16 - 36.75; b = 3.38 -3.41; c = 64.33 - 73.5; d
= 0.90 -1.12; V = 48.35 - 52.04%; Gi = 10.30 -11.14%; Gz = 10.88 -13.79%; Mural
tooth = 7.84 - 11.76pm; maximum body width = 44.0 - 54.0pm; length of pharynx =
477.0 - 509.0pm; body width at neck base = 44.0 - 54.0pm; body width at vulva =
44.0 - 54.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 272.0 - 291.5pm; glandularium = 242.0 -
275.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 789.0 - 904.0pm; length of anterior
gonad = 166.6 - 193.55pm; length of posterior gonad = 189.0 - 223.0pm; prerectum =

29.5 - 51.5pm; rectum = 19.6 - 29.5pm; tail length = 22.0 - 27.0pm; anal body
Description:
Female: Body almost straight on fixation, gradually tapering towards anterior end.
Cuticle and sub cuticle with fine striations. Body pores not visible.
Lip region truncate, narrow, almost continuous with body contour, 9.8pm
wide, papillae not elevated. Amphids not visible. Tooth 0.8 - 1.2 lip region-width
long. Stoma consisting of a bowl-shaped sclerotized vestibule. Sclerotized walls of
pharyngeal cavity narrowing gradually towards pharyngeal lumen. Expanded portion
of pharynx occupying 56.08 - 61.11% of the total pharyngeal length. Three obscure
glandular bodies present at oesophago-intestinal junction. Nerve ring at 142.0 -
149.0pm from anterior end. Locations of pharyngeal gland nuclei are: D = 42.11 -
54.48%; ASi= 30.29 -36.44%; AS2 - 32.07 - 40.49%; PSt= 93.72%; PS2 =
95.50%.
Vulva transverse, slightly pre-equatorial to post equatorial. Reproductive
system amphidelphic. Both ovaries reflexed with oocytes, anterior ovary 51.5 —
59.0pm and posterior ovary 61.5pm long. Distinct sphincter present at uterus-oviduct
junction.
Prerectum 1.5 - 1.74 and rectum one anal body-width long. Tail 0.90 - 1.21
anal body width long, rounded terminally with two caudal pores on each side.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and Locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at Madhyam-
Kalyanpur, Baruipur block on 13.12.2004.
DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Jairajpuri (1965a) described this species from soil
around the roots of grass from Nainital, Himachal Pradesh, India and Ahmad and
Jairajpuri (1982) further reported it from another locality of same state. The present
female specimens agree well with both of the above, except the value of ‘a’ (a = 45 -
51 in type specimens and 42 - 43 in the reported specimens) As the present specimens
became flattened during slide preparation, the actual maximum body width can not be
measured and a greater value has been obtained due to flattening of specimens, As a
result the actual value of ‘a’ (total body length divided by maximum body width) was
not possible to calculate and a reduced value has been obtained. This is the first report
of the species from West Bengal.
Figure 31, Aetholaimus indicus. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior end

showing buccal region, C. Expanded portion of pharynx with gland
nuclei, D. Oesophago - intestinal junction & glands, E, Reproductive
system, F. Tail.
5.1.32. Table - 15. Distribution of Dorylaimida associated with guava and litchi
in South 24 - Parganas [N. R.: New Record; A. R.: Already Recorded (D: from the
District, S: from the State, C: from the Country); New sp.: new to science]
Name of the species Soil Sub Block N. R./

around division A. R.
1. Dorylciimus geraerti Baruipur Baruipur A. R. D.
Guava A. R. S.
Diamond - Falta
Harbour
2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. Guava Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
3. Laimydoriis baldus Guava Baruipur Sonarpur N. R. D.

A. R. S.
4. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. Baruipur Baruipur
Guava Alipur Bishnupur New sp.
Sadar
5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius Guava Baruipur Joynagar, N. R. S.
Kultali A. R. C.
6. Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n. Guava Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
7. Indodorylaimus baqrii sp. n. Guava Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
Litchi Baruipur
8. Coomansinemoides wasimi New
gen. n., sp. n. Guava Baruipur Baruipur gen.
New sp.
9. Aporcelaimellus amylovorus Litchi Diamond - Mograhat N. R. S.
Harbour A. R. C.
10. Aporcelaimellus baqrii Guava Baruipur, N. R. S.
Baruipur Sonarpur A. R. C.
Litchi Joynagar
11. Aporcelaimellus chauhani Litchi Sonarpur, N. R. D.
Guava Baruipur Baruipur A. R. S.
Joynagar
12. Aporcelaimellus coomansi Litchi Baruipur Baruipur, N. R. D.
Joynagar A. R. S.
13. Aporcelaimellus indicus Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
Litchi A. R. C.
14. Aporcelaimellus papillatus Litchi Baruipur Baruipur N. R. C.
15. Aporcelaimellus tritici Guava Joynagar N. R. C.
Litchi Baruipur Baruipur,
16. Sectonema procta Litchi Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
17. Paraxonchium jairajpurii
Guava Baruipur Sonarpur New sp.
sp. n
18. Discolaimus tenax Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
19. Discolaimium mazhari Guava Baraipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
20. Xiphinema americanum Baruipur Baruipur,
Litchi Joynagar
Alipur Bishnupur N. R. D.
Sadar A. R. S.
Baruipur Baruipur
Guava Diamond - Falta
Harbour
21. Xiphinema manasiae sp. n. Litchi Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
22. Axonchium (Axonchium) Litchi Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
coomansi sp. n. Guava
23. Tyleptus projectus Guava Baruipur Baruipur, N. R. D.
Joynagar A. R. S.
24. Dorylaimoides Baruipur Baruipur N. R. D.
(Dorylaimoides) parateres Litchi Diamond - Mograhat A. R. S.
Harbour
25. Dorylaimoides
(Dorylaimoides) thornei Litchi Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
sp. n.
26. Dorylaimoides Baruipur Baruipur N. R. D.
(Longidorylaimoides) Guava Diamond - Mathura- A. R. S.
parvus Harbour pur
27. Clavicaudoides caudatus Guava Baruipur Joynagar N. R. S.
A. R. C.
28. Aquatides heynsi sp. n. Guava Baruipur Sonarpur New sp.
29. Laevides laevis Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. D.
A. R. S.
30. Nygellus shamimi sp. n. Guava Baruipur Baruipur New sp.
31 .Aetholaimus indicus Litchi Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
5.2. Taxonomy of the Order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949

The species observed in the soil around the roots of guava and litchi are
systematically listed below:
Suborder Tylenchina Thome, 1949
Super family Tylenchoidea Orley, 1880
Family Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1960
Subfamily Telotylenchinae Siddiqi, 1960
Genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913
5.2.1. Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi Siddiqi and Basir, 1959
Genus Trophurus Loof, 1956
5.2.2. Trophurus clavicaudatus sp. n.
Genus Mixotelotylenchoides gen. n.
5.2.3. Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n.
Family Pratylenehidae Thome, 1949
Subfamily Pratylenchinae Thome, 1949
Genus Hirschmanniella Luc and Goodey, 1964
5.2.4. Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man, 1880) Luc and Goodey, 1964
5.2.5. Hirschmanniella oryzae (Van Breda de Hann, 1902) Luc and Goodey, 1964
Family Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934
Sub family Hoplolaiminae Filipjev, 1934
Genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905
5.2.6. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher, 1963
5.2.7. Hoplolaimus pararobustus (Schuurmans Stekhoven & Tenuissen, 1938) Sher,
1963
5.2.8. Hoplolaimus seshadrii Mulk and Jairajpuri, 1976
Genus Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936
5.2.9. Rotylenchus basiri (Khan and Khan, 1982) Fortuner, 1987
Genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945
5.2.10. Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966
5.2.11. Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961
5.2.12. Helicotylenchus seshadrii Singh and Khera, 1979
5.2.13. Helicotylenchus sheri Jain, Upadhayay and Singh, 1989
Genus Scutellonema Andrassy, 1958
5.2.14. Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n.
Super family Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936
Family Criconematidae Taylor, 1936
Sub family Criconematinae Taylor, 1936
Genus Hemicriconemoides Chitwood and Birchfield, 1957
5.2.15. Hemicriconemoides litchi Edward and Misra, 1963
5.2.16. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961
5.2.1. Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi Siddiqi and Basir, 1959

(Figure 32, A-F)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.55 - 0.56mm; a = 28.16 - 28.57; b = 4.61 - 4.72; c = 12.83 -13.02; d = 3.98;
V = 57.15 - 57.76%; Gi = 15.03 - 23.55%; G2 = 12.95 - 20.%8; stylet length = 19.6-
20.5pm; m = 52.38 - 55.0%; 0 = 14.28 - 22.5%; anterior end to centre of median bulb
= 60.76 - 61.74pm, MB = 50.84 - 52.1%; maximum body width = 19.6pm, length of
pharynx = 118.5 - 119.5pm; body width at vulva = 15.6 - 17.6pm; distance of vulva
from anterior end = 315.5 - 323.5pm; length of vagina = 6.86 - 7.84pm; length of
anterior branch of gonad = 83.0 - 132.0pm; length of posterior branch of gonad = 71.5
-116.62pm; tail length = 43.0pm; anal body diameter = 10.78pm.
Males: L = 0.58 - 0.66mm; a = 28.0 - 29.6; b = 4.62 - 4.93; c = 15.76 - 17.43; d = 2.29 -
2.37; T = 25.55 - 55.48%; stylet length = 19.6 - 18.62pm; m = 50.0 - 52.63%; 0 =
15.78 -17.5%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 64.68 - 76.44pm; MB = 50.92
- 56.62%; maximum body width = 21.0 - 22.5pm, length of pharynx = 127.0 -
135.0pm; tail length = 37.0 - 38.0pm; anal body diameter = 15.68 - 16.66pm.; length
of testis = 309.0 - 369.5pm; spicule length = 20.58 - 23.5pm; gubernaculum = 9.8 -
10.78pm; length of bursa = 57.0 - 64.0pm.

Description:
Females: Body ventrally curved on fixation. Body striae coarse, cuticle marked with
distinct transverse striations, 1.25 - 2.5pm apart. Lateral field one-third of body
width, with four incisures.
Head continuous with body, rounded, bearing 3-4 fine and distinct annules,
measuring 2.94 - 3.92pm high and 5.88 - 6.86pm wide. Cephalic frame work lightly
sclerotized. Stomatostylet 2.85 - 3.48 lip region widths long, stylet knobs small,
closely packed together, rounded or directed downward slightly, measuring 2.94pm
across. Opening of dorsal pharyngeal gland 2.94 - 4.41pm behind the stylet base.
Median oesophageal bulb muscular, set off from precorpus with vulvular apparatus,
round to oval in shape. Centre of median bulb 60.76 - 61.74pm from anterior end.
Basal oesophageal bulb pyriform, 23.5 - 24.5pm long, with basal portion slightly
overlapping the anterior most end of intestine. Cardia small, rounded. Nerve ring at
70.5 - 84.0pm from anterior end. Excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring, 80.0
- 97.0pm from anterior end or 6 - 13 annules from the end of median bulb.
Hemizonid indistinct.
Vulva a transverse slit, post equatorial in position. Length of vagina about
one-third of the vulval body-diameter. Reproductive system amphidelphic, ovaries out
stretched, oocytes arranged in a single row.
Tail cylindrical, slightly ventrally arcuate, regularly tapering, marked with 16
-21 annules ventrally, 3.98 anal body-diameters long. Tail terminus rounded and
smooth. Phasmids in the anterior half of tail, 5-7 annules apart from anal opening or
at 22.79 - 34.18% of tail from anus.
Male: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Tail conoid
with acute terminus in lateral view, 2.28 - 2.35 anal body-diameters long. Testis
single, outstretched. Spicules cephalated, 1.38 - 1.41 anal body-widths long.
Gubemaculum short, about half of the spicule length. Copulatory bursa large with
crenate margins, completely enveloping tail.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at South
Kalyanpur of Baruipur block on 13. 12. 2004.
Figure 32. Tylenchorkynchus mashhoodi. Female: A. Entire body, G.

Anterior portion of body, D. Reproductive system, E, Posterior end
showing phasmid & tail.
Male: B. Entire body, F. Posterior end showing spicule, bursa, guber-
naculum & tail.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi was described by
Siddiqi and Basir (1959) from soil around the roots of sugarcane (Sacchamm
ofjicinarum L.) from Southern India and this was the first record of the genus
Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 from India. Baqri and Jairajpuri (1970) reported T.
mashhoodi from cotton and other plants and from sugarcane from Uttar Pradesh and
Andhra Pradesh respectively with a study of intra specific variation. Singh and Khera
(1978) reported the species from Narendrapur, Baruipur block, South 24-Parganas and
from Howrah district, West Bengal. Chaturvedi and Khera (1979) recorded it as a
parasite of jute plant from different district of West Bengal. Ahmad and Baqri (1987),
Baqri (1991) reported the species from soil around the roots of paddy (Oryza sativa)
at Burdwan district, West Bengal and from citrus (Citrus reticulate) in Skkim
respectively. These prove the wide distribution of the species in West Bengal as well
as in India. The present specimens conform well to the type specimens and all other
reported ones.
5.2.2. Trophurus clavicaudatus sp. n.

Description: (Minimum-maximum range of some measurements given in the
parenthesis beside those of Holotype out side the parenthesis)
Females: Body ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle finely striated. Lateral fields
with four incisures, occupying about one-fourth of body width at mid body.
Cephalic region continuous with body, rounded, measuring 2.94pm (2.45 -
2.94pm) high and 7.84pm (6.86 - 7.84pm) wide, smooth, lip annules not prominent,
labial disc indistinct. Cephalic framework weakly sclerotized. Stomatostylet 2.16
(2.16 - 2.57) lip region-widths long, stylet knobs rounded, measuring 4.9pm across.
Opening of dorsal pharyngeal gland 2.0pm behind the stylet base. Median bulb oval
with a conspicuous vulvular apparatus, situated slightly posterior to middle of the
pharynx. Basal bulb elongate, pyriform, cardia small, broadly rounded Excretory pore
103.0pm (103.0 - 110.3pm) from anterior end, 12 annules (10 - 12 annules) anterior
from the posterior margin of basal bulb. Nerve ring 96.0pm (91.0 - 96.0pm) from
anterior end, 3 annules anterior to excretory pore. Hemizonid indistinct and can not be
located.
Table 16. Morphometric data on Trophurus davicaudatus sp. n. (All measurements are in
pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. As only one paratype female was available, minimum-
maximum range, mean, SD & SE calculated on the basis of male paratypes. Number of
Holotype Female Male paratypes (4)

Characters female Paratype(1) Min Max Mean ±SD SE
L 0.79 0.74 0.66 0.72 0.7 0.02 0.01
a 32.61 33.63 27.3 32.95 30.41 2.85 1.42
b 5.91 5.48 5.25 5.68 5.49 0.19 0.09
c 15.51 12.54 14.38 16.73 15.56 1.15 0.57
c1 3.02 3.93 2.47 2.93 2.75 0.2 0.1
V% 2/T%cT 51.56 55.27 31.38 36.27 33.49 2.04 1.02
G1% 20.52 20.5 — — — — —
G2 % 3.06 3.64 — — — — —
Head height 2.94 2.94 1.96 3.92 2.69 0.93 0.47

head width 7.84 6.86 5.88 5.88 5.88 0 0
Length of stomatostylet 17.0 17.64 14.7 15.68 14.94 0.49 0.24
Stylet knobs (across) 4.9 4.9 2.94 3.92 3.67 0.49 0.24
Length of conus 8.0 8.82 6.86 7.35 7.05 0.2 0.1
m% 47.05 50.0 46.66 47.61 47.18 0.49 0.24
Stylet base to opening of
dorsal gland 2.0 2.0
0% 11.76 11.33 — — — — —
Body width at vulva 22.0 22.0 — — — — ..
Length of vagina 11.76 11.0 — — — — —

Anterior end to nerve ring 96.0 91.0 71.5 90.0 82.25 9.6 5.54
Anterior end to excretory
pore 103.0 110.0 98.0 100.5 99.66 1.44 0.83
Length of anterior gonad 164.0 149.5 — — — — —
Length of posterior uterine

sac 24.5 27.0
Anterior end to vulva 412.0 409.0 — — — — —
Tail length 51.5 59.0 42.0 49.0 45.37 3.03 1.51

Anal body width 17.0 15.0 15.0 17.0 16.5 1 0.5
Length of hyaline portion
on tail 8.5 7.35
Number of tail annules 24 25 — — — —
Testis length — — 220.5 255.0 235.9 15.67 7.83

Length of Spicules — — 22.5 24.5 23.5 0.82 0.4
Length of bursa — 58.0 65.66 61.29 3.57 1.78
Length of gubernaculum — — 7.84 9.8 8.82 0.8 0.4
Vulva slightly post-equatorial in position. Vagina extending inward half of the
body diameter. Reproductive system mono-prodelphic, anterior branch of gonad
functional, anterior ovary outstretched, spermatheca rounded. Posterior gonad in the
form of a small post-uterine sac, 1.11(1.11-1.22) vulval body-widths long.
Phasmids situated at the posterior half of tail, 19 annules (19-22 annules)
posterior to anal opening. Tail sub-clavate with terminal swelling, number of tail
annules 24 (24 - 25), 3.02 (3.02 - 3.93) anal body-diameters long. Cuticle on tail
terminus abruptly thick, 8.5pm (7.35 - 8.5pm) with a prominent hyaline portion. Tail
terminally smooth, broadly rounded and clavate.
Males: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Tail gradually
tapering to a pointed terminus in lateral view, 2.47 - 2.93 anal body-diameters long.
Phasmids slightly anterior to the middle of tail. Testes outstretched. Spicules 1.32 -
1.56 anal body-diameters long. Gubemaculum developed, 1/2.39 - 1/2.86 of spicule
length. Bursa 3.45-3.86 anal body-widths long, completely enveloping tail
Type habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi at South
Kalyanpur, Baruipur block on 13.12. 2004.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN 1051 with one female and two male
paratypes on same slide. Paratype registration No. WN 1052 (2 $). Deposited in
Etymology: The new species has been named after its characteristic tail shape.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Trophurus clavicaudatus sp. n.
comes close to T. similis Khan and Nanjappa, 1971, T. lomus Saha, Chawla & Khan,
1973 and T. impar Ganguly and Khan, 1983. The new species differs from its all
closely resembling species in having a sub-clavate tail. From T. similis, the present
new species differs in having lesser ‘a’ and ‘c’ values, longer spear and tail, more
anteriorly located vulva and longer post-uterine sac. The males also differ in having
longer spicules (in T. similes, a = 40.0 - 58.0; c = 18.0 - 25.0; spear = 9.0 - 11.0pm;
tail = 36.0pm; V = 53.0 - 64.0%; post-uterine sac = 1/2 vulval body width in females;
spicules = 16.0 - 21.0pm in males). From T. lomus it differs in having longer tail
evident from lesser ‘c’ value, greater ich value, anteriorly located vulva and longer
post-uterine sac. The males differs in having slightly longer spicules (in T. lomus, c =
20.0 - 30.0; c/= 1.2 - 1.8; V = 53.0 - 60.0%; post-uterine sac = 1/2 vulval body
Figure 33. Trophums clavicaudatus sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, C.

Anterior portion of body, D. Stomatostylet & cephalic region, E. Mono-
prodelphic reproductive system with posterior uterine sac, F, Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, G. Posterior end showing spicule, gubemaculum &
bursa.
Plate 16. Trophurus clavicaudatus sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior

end, D. Vulva & posterior uterine sac, E. Posterior end showing tail.
Male: B. Entire body, F. Anterior end, G. Posterior end showing spicules &
bursa.
width long; spicules = 20.0 - 22.0pm). T. clavicaudatus sp. n. differs from T. impar in
having a shorter body, much lesser value of ‘a’ and ‘c; longer tail evident from ‘c’
value, longer spear and cardia without bifurcation (In T. impar, L = 0.80 - 0.93mm; a
= 52.0 - 58.0; c/= 1.8 - 2.2; c = 30.0 - 40.0; spear = 12.0 - 14.0pm and cardia with
bifurcate base).
Apart from these, T. clavicaudatus sp. n. shows remarkable resemblance with
T. minnesotensis (Caveness, 1958) Caveness, 1958 in different body measurements
and ratios. Even of those similarities, the new species differs from T. minnesotensis in
having significantly lesser ‘c’ value in both female and male, slightly clavate tail in
female, anteriorly placed vulva, longer post-uterine sac and spear (in T.
minnesotensis, c = 18 in female and 35 in male; tail broadly rounded in female; V =
58%; post-uterine sac 2 or 3 rudimentary terminal cells and spear = 14.0pm).
KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS TROPHURUS LOOF, 1956

(Modified after Siddiqi, 1989)
1. Body length above 1 mm (1.03 - 1.21mm)...T’. marathwadensis Suryawanshi, 1971
- Body length 1 mm or below 1 mm............................................................................2
2. Cardia large with bifurcate base...........................T. impar Ganguly and Khan, 1983
- Cardia normal without any bifurcation..................................................................... 3
3. Tail terminus with broadly rounded smooth or finely striated inner cuticle; tail
terminus clavate or sub-clavate...............................................................................4
- Tail with broadly rounded smooth terminus; tail clavate....T. clavicaudatus sp. n.
4. Stylet 9 - 11pm long............................................T. similis Khan & Nanjappa, 1971
- Stylet 16 - 18pm long.......................................................T. lomus Saha et al., 1973
REMARK: Among 14 species of the genus Trophurus Loof, 1956 as listed by

Siddiqi (2000), only 4 species have been described and reported from India excluding
the newly proposed species. Other 10 species have been reported from Europe,
Africa, North and South America. T. clavicaudatus sp. n. shows close resemblance
only with T. minnesotensis, described from outside India. This is the first report of the
genus from West Bengal, India.
GENUS MJDCOTELOTYLENCHOIDES GEN. N.
Diagnosis: Telotylenehinae, Belonolaimidae. Both sexes similar in general body
shape and in appearance. Small and medium sized, body elongate with distinct
transverse striae, ventrally curved on fixation. Lateral fields with four incisures, not
areolated. Cephalic region small, conically rounded, continuous with body without
oral disc, almost smooth or inconspicuously annulated. Labial frame work weakly
sclerotized. Stomatostylet slender but well developed with rounded basal knobs.
Pharyngeal glands elongate, extending over anterior most end of intestine; nucleus of
dorsal gland distinct and large. Oesophago-intestinal junction indistinct, cardia absent.
Vulva almost equatorial. Reproductive system amphidelphic; both ovaries functional,
outstretched, spermatheca round. Female tail sub-cylindrical, tapering continuously
towards posterior extremity ending in a smooth and rounded terminus. Cuticle on tail
terminus slightly but not much thickened. Male tail pointed in lateral view. Bursa well
developed, originating a little anterior to the head of spicules with crenate margins,
completely enveloping tail. Spicules with slight distal flanges, proximal end finely
rounded. Gubemaculum well developed with rounded proximal end. Phasmids pore
like on tail.
Type and only species: Mixoielotylenchoid.es rafiqi gen. n., sp. n.
Relationship: Mixotelotylenchoides gen. n. shows distinct admixture of some
characters of the genera Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960 and Telotylenchoides Siddiqi,
1971, both belonging to the subfamily Telotylenehinae Siddiqi, 1960 and thus closely
related with both of the genera. But the proposed new genus differs from
Telotylenchus in having a small, conoid rounded, continuous cephalic region with
almost smooth or indistinct annulations (in Telotylenchus cephalic region
hemispherical to broadly rounded, offset with five to eight distinct annules), showing
similarities with Telotylenchoides. On the other hand, Mixotelotylenchoides gen. n.
differs from Telotylenchoides in having elongate-conoid to sub-cylindrical tail,
tapering towards posterior extremity with rounded, smooth terminus without much
thickening of cuticle on tail in females (in Telotylenchoides female tail cylindrical,
with broadly rounded to bulboid terminus having abnormally thickened cuticle on tail
tip) which, in turn, shows similarities with Telotylenchus.
DISCUSSION AND ETYMOLOGY OF THE NEW GENUS: Siddiqi (1960)
erected the subfamily Telotylenehinae to accommodate the genus Telotylenchus.
Again, Siddiqi (1971) erected a separate genus Telotylenchoides to accommodate the
species Telotylenchoid.es honsei (Raski et al., 1964) Siddiqi, 1971 which was
originally described under the genus Telotylenchus by Raski et al. (1964). Siddiqi
(1971) separated the genus Telotylenchoides from Telotylenchus mainly on basis
differences observed in the characters of cephalic and tail regions. The presently
proposed new genus possesses admixture of the characters of cephalic and tail regions
of both the closely resembling genera and hence the name Mixotelotylenchoides.
5.2.3. Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n.

Description: (Minimum-maximum range of some measurements of paratypes given
in the parenthesis beside those of Holotype out side the parenthesis).
Females: Body ventrally curved on fixation, slender, slightly tapering towards both
extremities. Body cuticle with distinct transverse striations, annules 1.9pm apart near
middle of the body. Lateral fields with four incisures, not areolated.
Cephalic region small, conoid-rounded, continuous with body, almost smooth
or inconspicuously annulated, 3.92pm high and 6.86pm wide. Cephalic frame work
very weakly sclerotized. Stomatostylet 2.85 lip region-widths long, slender but
efficient with rounded prominent basal knobs measuring 2.94pm across. Opening of
dorsal pharyngeal gland 2.94pm (2.94 - 3.92pm) behind the stylet base. Pre-corpus
cylindrical, median oesophageal bulb round to oval with distinct valve plates. Centre
of median bulb 68.5pm (66.0 - 68.5pm) from anterior end. Nerve ring inconspicuous.
Oesophageal gland elongate, lying free in the body cavity, dorsal gland nuclei larger
and distinct than those of sub-ventral glands. Oesophago-intestinal junction indistinct.
Hemizonid located at 91pm (91 - 95pm) from anterior end. Excretory pore 2annules
(2-4 annules) posterior to hemizonid.
Vulva transverse, slit-like, slightly evaginated and post-equatorial. Vaginal
length 10.78pm (7.84 - 10.78pm) or 1/1.81 (1/1.81 - 1/2.16) of the corresponding
body width, at right angle to the body axis. Uterus muscular, Reproductive system
amphidelphic, both branches of gonad functional, spermatheca rounded, ovaries
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row.
Tail elongate-conoid, sub-cylindrical, regularly tapering to a rounded smooth
terminus, 3.76 (3.44 - 4.08) anal body-widths long, bearing 21 (19 - 24) annules.
Phasmids small, pore-like, situated at the anterior half of tail, 6 annules (6-8
annules) posterior to anus.
Table 17, Morphometric data on female Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n. (All
measurements are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined
given in the parenthesis)

Characters female Min Max I Mean ±SD SE
L 0.65 0.63 0.75 0.67 0.06 0.04
a 29.54 28.95 38.64 33.92 4.85 2.8
b 4.67 4.64 5.44 4.95 0.42 0.24
c 13.26 13.0 16.17 14.43 1.61 0.93
d 3.76 3.44 4.08 3.74 0.32 83
V% 52.76 53.72 55.98 54.51 1.27 0.73
Gi% 18.84 20.72 21.54 21.13 0.58 0.41
g2% 17.69 14.59 21.14 17.86 4.63 3.27
Head height 3.92 3.92 3.92 3.92 0 0
head width 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 0 0
Length of stomatostylet 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 0 0
Length of conus 7.84 7.84 8.82 8.49 0.56 0.32
m% 40.0 40.0 45.0 43.33 2.88 1.66
Stylet base to opening of dorsal
oesophaqeal gland 2.94 2.94 3.92 3.26 0.5 0.33
0% 15.0 15.0 20.0 16.66 2.89 1.66
Body width at vulva 19.6.0 17.0 19.6 17.86 1.5 0.86
Length of vagina 10.78 7.84 8.82 8.33 0.69 0.49
Anterior end to centre of median
bulb 68.5 66.0 68.5 67.33 1.26 0.72
MB % 49.35 48.17 50.0 49.02 0.92 0.53
Anterior end to hemizonid 91.14 91.14 94.0 92.57 2.02 1.43
Anterior end to excretory pore 99.0 97.0 123.0 106.0 14.73 8.5
Length of anterior gonad 122.5 132.0 162.0 147.0 21.21 15
Length of posterior gonad 115.0 93.0 159.0 126.0 46.67 33
Tail length 49.0 46.5 49.0 47.33 1.44 0.83
Anal body width 13.0 12.0 13.5 12.66 0.76 0.44
Number of tail annules 21 19 24 21.5 3.53 2.5
Males: Similar to females in general morphology except male reproductive organ

and tail. Testis single, reflexed. Spicules slightly ventrally arcuate, 1.62 - 1.68 anal
body-widths long. Gubemaculum simple, rod-like, well developed, 0.60 - 0.81 anal
body-width long. Bursa large, originating a little anterior to the heads of spicules, with
crenate margins, completely enveloping tail. Tail regularly tapering to a pointed
terminus in lateral view, 2.68 - 3.20 anal body-widths long.
Table 18. Morphometric data on male Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n. (All
Para ype males ( 6) __

L 0.65 0.72 0.68 0.04 0.03
a 29.81 36.88 33.64 3.57 2.06
b 4.82 5.27 5.09 0.24 0.14
c 15.08 17.2 15.94 1.12 0.64
d 2.68 3.2 2.96 0.26 0.15
T% 60.95 61.12 61.03 0.12 0.09
Head height 3.92 3.92 3.92 0 0
head width 5.88 6.0 5.94 0.08 0.06
Length of stomatostylet 17.64 19.6 18.62 0.98 0.57
Length of conus 7.84 8.82 8.49 0.57 0.33
m% 44.44 47.36 45.6 1.55 0.89
Stylet base to opening of
dorsal oesophageal qland 2.94 2.94 2.94 0 0
0% 15.0 15.78 15.39 0.55 0.39
Anterior end to centre of
median bulb 66.5 69.5 68.16 1.53 0.88
MB % 50.0 52.56 50.87 1.46 0.85
Anterior end to excretory pore 99.0 117.0 106.33 9.45 5.46
Tail length 39.0 46.5 43.0 3.77 2.18
Anal body width 14.5 14.5 14.5 0 0
Testis length 401.0 409.0 405.0 5.66 4
Length of bursa 54.0 68.0 61.66 7.09 4.09
Length of gubemaculum 8.82 11.76 10.13 1.5 0.86
Type habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at
Natunpara, Dhapdhapi (East) of Baruipur block on 27. 07.2005.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN 1053 with two female and three
male paratypes on same slide. Paratype registration Nos. WN 1054 (3$ & \S), WN
1055 (5$ & 3 <3% WN 1056 (4 ?) and WN 1057 (2$ & 4(3) on four different slides.
India.
Figure 34. Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n. Female: A. Entire

body, C. Anterior portion of body, D. Cephalic region & stomatostylet, E.
Reproductive system, F. Posterior end showing tail shape.
bursa.
Plate 17. Photomicrographs of Mixotelotylenchoides rafiqi gen. n., sp. n.

Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior end showing stylet, D. Anterior end, E.
Vulva, F. Posterior end,
Male: B. Entire body, G. Posterior end showing spicules, gubernaculum &

bursa.
Etymology: The new species has been named after eminent nematologist Dr. M. R.
Siddiqi.
Key to the Indian Genera of the Subfamily Telotylenchinae Siddiqi, 1960
(Modified after Ahmad, 1996)
1. Lateral fields with 6 incisures: males with hypoptygma......Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970
- Lateral fields with three to five incisures; males without hypoptygma.................... 2
2. Glands not overlapping intestine, oesophago-intestinal junction distinct................ 3
- Oesophageal glands overlapping intestine, oesophago-intestinal junction distinct or
inconspicuous.......................................................................................................... 7
3. Longitudinal ridges or lamellae outside lateral fields present........................ ............
.............................................................. Dolichorhynchus Mulk and Jairajpuri, 1974
- Longitudinal ridges or lamellae outside lateral fields absent...................................4
4. Lateral fields each with five incisures.............................. Quinisulcius Siddiqi, 1971
- Lateral fields each with less than five incisures.......................................................5
5. Lateral fields each with three incisures................................ .Divitus Jairajpuri, 1984
- Lateral fields each with four incisures.....................................................................6
6. Female reproductive system amphidelphic................Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913
- Female reproductive system mono-delphic.............................Trophurus Loof, 1959
7. Conus characteristically asymmetrical, with lumen being angular near its base;
intestine extending over rectum in to tail....................Histotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971
- Conus symmetrical with straight lumen; intestine not extending over rectum in to
tail............................................................................................................................ 8
8. Stylet extremely attenuated and slender; proximal end of gubemaculum directed
dorsally and posteriorly.......................................Trichotylenchus Whitehead, 1960
- Stylet moderate to well developed; proximal end of gubemaculum rounded.......... 9
9. Cephalic region hemispherical to broadly rounded, offset with five to eight distinct
annules..........................................................................Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960
- Cephalic region narrow, conoid-rounded, continuous, smooth or indistinctly
annulated.............................................................................................................10
10. Female tail cylindrical, with broadly rounded to bulboid terminus; cuticle at tail
tip abnormally thickened.........................................Telotylenchoides Siddiqi, 1971
- Female tail sub-cylindrical, regularly tapering to a small rounded terminus; cuticle
at tail tip not abnormally thickened............................Mixotelotylenchoides gen. n.
5.2.4. Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man, 1880) Luc and Goodey, 1964
(Figure 35, A-E)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.56 - 1.72mm; a = 49.0 - 52.13; b = 10.31 -14.09; b' = 4.5 - 6.8; c = 16.76 -
20.23; d = 4.09 - 4.88; V = 51.87 - 54.55%; Gi = 21.57 - 24.37%; G2 = 13.19 -
21.25%; stylet length = 21.0 - 24.5pm; m = 42.85 - 48.0%; 0 = 12.0 - 18.66%;
anterior end to centre of median bulb = 80.0 - 95.0p,m, MB = 58.63 - 75.91%;
maximum body width = 30.5 - 34.0pm, length of pharynx = 122.5 - 152.0pm; distance
between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 241.0 - 348.0pm;
body width at vulva = 29.5 - 34.0p.rn; distance of vulva from anterior end = 830.5 -
904.0p.rn; length of vagina = 12.0 - 14.7p.rn; length of anterior branch of gonad = 343.0
- 421.0pm; length of posterior branch of gonad = 225.0 - 338.0pm; tail length = 81.0-
103.0pm; anal body diameter = 19.5 - 22.0pm.
Males: L = 1.59 -1,63mm; a = 52.19 - 53.57; b = 12.94 -15.05; V = 6.29 - 6.58; c = 18.09 -
19.0; d = 5.05 - 5.17; T = 53.51 - 55.84%; stylet length = 20.0 - 22.5pm; m = 45.0 -
47.91%; O = 17.42 - 24.5%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 80.0 - 95.0pm;
MB = 58.63 - 75.91%; maximum body width = 30.5pm, length of pharynx = 108.5 -
123.0pm; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland =
248.0 - 253.0pm; tail length = 86.0 - 88.0pm; anal body diameter = 17.0pm.; length of
testis = 874.5 - 889.0pm; spicule length = 30.5 - 31.5pm; gubernaculum = 8.0 -
10.0pm; length of bursa = 86.0 -110.0pm.
Description:
Females: Body slightly ventrally curved on fixation, long and slender. Cuticle
marked with distinct transverse striae, 1.81pm apart at mid body. Lateral fields with
four incisures, not areolated.
Cephalic region low arched, flattened to slightly hemispherical, continuous
with body, annulations not prominent, 3.92pm high and 9.8 - 11.76pm wide.
Cephalic frame work well developed. Stomatostylet robust, 1.87 - 2.27 head widths
long, stylet knobs round, measuring 4.9pm across. Orifice of the dorsal pharyngeal
gland 2.94 - 3.92pm below the base of stylet. Pharyngeal glands elongate, lobed,
ventrally overlapping the intestine. Nerve ring at 103.0 - 116.62pm or at 74.1 -
88.16% of pharynx from anterior end. Median bulb oval with distinct valve plates.
Hemizonid 131.0 - 151.0pm from anterior end, 1 - 2 annules long, located 2.9 -
4.9pm or 2 - 3 annules anterior to the excretory pore. Excretory pore at 135.0 -
159.0pm or at 98.02 - 113% of the pharyngeal length from anterior end.
Vulva slightly post-equatorial. Vagina extending inward 1/2 - 1/2.66 of vulval
body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Each sexual branch consists of a
uterus, a spermatheca, an oviduct and an ovary. Spermatheca oval, filled with sperms.
Ovaries outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row.
Tail cylindrical, gradually tapering from anus, annulated up to anus bearing 43
- 68 annules, 4.09 - 4.88anal body-widths long, terminating in a pointed ventral
projection. Phasmids located on middle to slightly posterior half of tail, at 46.51 -
51.85% of tail from anus.
Male: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Excretory
pore at 121.19 - 121.95% of the pharyngeal length from anterior end, being located
posterior to oesophago-intestinal junction. Spicules cephalated, 1.79 - 1.85 anal body-
widths long. Gubemaculum developed, slightly curved, 1/3.15 - 1/3.81 of'the spicule
length. Bursa 5.05 - 6.47 anal body-widths long, arising a little anterior to the heads
of spicules and ending sub-terminally. Tail similar as in females, 5.05-5.17 anal
body-widths long with a pointed ventral projection.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava in Diamond
Harbour block I & II and in Mathurapur block I & II on 10. 08.2008
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens conform well to the

morphology and measurements of the topotypes of Hirschmanniella gracilis as given
by Sher (1968b) except slightly shorter gubemaculums in males (gubemaculum = 9.0
- 14.0pm in topotypes). Dey and Baqri (1985) studied the morphometric and
allometric variations of H. gracilis from soil around the roots of paddy (Oryza sativa
L.) at West Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India and the present specimens agree
with those also except in having longer testis and insignificantly shorter
gubemaculums (T = 25.0 - 44.0% and gubemaculum = 9.0 - 13.0pm) which might be
the intraspecific variation. Ahmad et al., (1984) estimated 12.05 - 19.22% of yield
Figure 35. Hirschmanttiellagracilis. Female. A. Anterior end of the body, B.

Cephalic region & stomatostylet, C. Posterior branch of reproductive
system, D. Tail.
Male: E. Posterior end showing spicule, gubemaculum, bursa & Tail
terminus.
loss of paddy in Hooghly district in West Bengal due to H. gracilis. Baqri et al.
(1983), Baqri and Ahmad (2000) reported that H. gracilis is a major and the key pest
of paddy crop in West Bengal and all the paddy growing districts of W. B. are
infested with H. gracilis. This is the first report of the species from South 24-parganas
district.
5.2.5. Hirschmanniella oryzae (Van Breda de Hann, 1902) Luc and

Goodey, 1964
(Figure 36, A-G)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.15 -1,36mm; a = 52.27 - 55.45; b = 8.3 -10.83; V = 4.47 - 5.7; e = 16.57 -
20.0; d = 4.02 - 5.2; V = 51.22 - 54.94%; Gi = 18.42 - 20.08%; G2 = 15.97 -19.5%;
stylet length = 14.0 - 17.0pm; m = 44.82 - 47.05%; 0 = 14.57 - 20.0%; anterior end to
centre of median bulb = 64.68 - 73.5pm, MB = 45.74 - 58.56%; maximum body width
= 22.0 - 25.72pm, length of pharynx = 117.0 - 158.5pm; distance between anterior
end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 225.5 - 259.0pm; body width at vulva
= 19.5 - 22.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 612.5 - 747.2pm; length of
vagina = 9.8 - 11.0pm; length of anterior branch of gonad = 186.2 - 254.8pm; length
of posterior branch of gonad = 183.75 - 252.35pm; tail length = 61.0 - 73.5pm; anal
body diameter = 12.25 - 17.15pm.
Males: L = 1.2 - 1.22mm; a = 55.36 - 62.05; b = 9.64 -10.27; W = 4.65 - 5.74; c = 17.07 -
17.78; d = 4.65 - 4.82; T = 46.98 - 57.47%; stylet length = 14.7 - 17.0pm; m = 40.0 -
47.05%; O = 15.0 - 23.52%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 70.5 - 73.5pm;
MB = 56.17 - 61.5%; maximum body width = 19.5 - 22.0pm, length of pharynx =

118.5 - 125.5pm; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal
gland = 212.0 - 260.0pm; tail length = 68.5 - 71.0pm; anal body diameter = 14.7pm.;
length of testis = 568.5 - 700.0pm; spicule length = 22.5 - 25.5pm; gubernaculum =
7.84 - 9.8pm; length of bursa = 58.0 - 64.0pm.

Figure 36. Hirschmanniella oryzae. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior

portion, D. Cephalic region & stomatostylet, E. Anterior branch of gonad,
F. Tail.
Male: B. Entire body, G. Posterior end showing spicule, gubemaculum ,
bursa & tail.
Description:
Females: Body almost straight or slightly ventrally curved on fixation, long and
slender. Cuticle marked with distinct transverse striae, about 1.7pm apart near middle
of the body. Lateral field with four incisures, not areolated.
Cephalic region low arched, flattened with rounded edges, continuous with
body, annules indistinct, 2.94pm high and 6.86 - 8.33pm wide. Cephalic frame work
well developed. Stomatostylet 1.78 - 2.33 head widths long, stylet knobs rounded,
measuring 2.74 - 3.92pm across. Opening of dorsal pharyngeal gland 2.0 - 2.94pm
below the stylet base. Median bulb oval with distinct valve plates. Oesophageal
glands elongate, lobed, ventrally overlapping intestine. Hemizonid at 93.1 -
100.94pm from anterior end, 2-4 annules or 4.9 - 7.84pm anterior to excretory pore.
Excretory pore distinct, at 100.94 - 116.62pm or at 86.27 - 97.58% of pharyngeal
length from anterior end.
Vulva slightly post-equatorial. 9.8 - 11.0pm extending inward or 1/1.98 -
1/2.24 of vulval body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries long,
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row. Spermatheca oval, filled with sperms.
Intestine not overlapping rectum. Tail cylindrical, elongate-conoid, gradually
tapering behind anus, 4.02 - 5.0 anal body-widths long with a rounded terminus
bearing a sharp terminal mucro. Tail annules extending almost up to terminus.
Phasmids small, pore-like, located in posterior half of tail, 37 - 49pm from anus or at
60.65 - 69.23% of tail.
Male: Similar to those of females in general morphology except the following. Tail
similar as in female, 4.65 - 4.82 anal body-widths long. Spicules cephalated, slightly
arcuate, 1.53 - 1.73 anal body-widths long. Bursa with crenate margins, arising at the
level of heads of spicules or a little posterior, ending sub terminally, not completely
enveloping tail.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of litchi from Baruipur
block on 13.12.2004 and at Dakshin Ghoshpara, Sonarpur block on 24. 07. 2005.

morphology and measurements of the topotypes of Hirschmanniella gracilis as given
by Sher (1968b) except slightly shorter stylet length (against 15 - 19pm in female and
16 - 18pm in male topotypes; in Coimbatore population in India stylet = 17 - 20pm
in female). But the study of Dey and Baqri (1985) regarding the distinguishing
characters of H. gracilis and H. oryzae strongly establishes the present specimen as II.
oryzae. Mathur and Prasad (1971) reported that H. oryzae occurs at least in twelve
states of India while Dey and Baqri (1990) observed it as a potential pest of paddy in
some localities of Northern districts of West Bengal. Charuvedi and Khera (1979)
recorded H. oryzae from the rhizosphere of jute (Corchorus spp.) from undivided 24-
parganas district. This is the first report of the species from south 24-parganas after
the division of the district
REMARK AND DISCUSSION ON THE GENUS HOPLOLAIMUS'. Genus

Basirolainus Shamsi, 1979 was established to include the species of Hoplolaimus
Daday, 1905 with six oesophageal gland nuclei. Considering this character as the
duplication of the normal complement of three nuclei to five or six nuclei as an
intrageneric variation, Luc (1981) proposed Basirolaimus as a junior synonym of
Hoploaimus. Siddiqi (1986) rejected Luc’s (1981) conclusion on the basis of that the
extra nuclei in Basirolaimus is a result of duplication of the dorsal nucleus only. On
the contrary, Fortuner (1987) reinstalled the synonymization on the basis that the
duplication of nuclei is not a valid generic character. Siddiqi (2000) in his
classification, redesignated Basirolaimus as a subgenus under Hoplolaimus to
accommodate H. indicus Sher, 1963, H. seshadrii Mulk and Jairajpuri, 1976 and
erected subgenus Ethiolaimus to include H. pararobustus (S. Stekh & Teun., 1938)
Sher, 1963. In the present study, file classification of Ahmad (1996) (modified form of
the classification of Maggenti et al, 1987) have been followed and thus the species of
Hoplolaimus have not been classified under any subgenera.
5.2.6. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher, 1963

(Figure 37, A — E)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.18 - 1.48mm; a = 24.3 - 31.34; b = 9.2 - 9.5; Ii = 5.01 - 8.14; c = 44.55 -
54.6; d = 0.6 - 0.85; V = 54.9 - 58.0%; stylet length = 36.0 - 40.0pm; m = 50.0 -
52.6%; 0 = 13.88 - 15.0%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 62.0 - 91.0fi.rn,
MB = 49.6 - 56.87%; maximum body width = 39.2 - 49.0jj.rn, length of pharynx =
125.0 - 160.0jim; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal
gland = 165.0 - 240.0pm; body width at vulva = 39.2 - 49.0jjm; distance of vulva from
anterior end = 676.2 - 809.0pm; tail length = 22.0 - 27.0pm; anal body diameter =
29.4 - 37.0pm.
Males: L = 1.25 - 1.31mm; a = 31.21 - 33.91; b = 9.42 - 9.71; V = 6.57 - 7.4; c = 38.0 -
42.68; c/= 1.17-1.38; stylet length = 34.0 - 39.0pm; m = 51.28 -55.88 %; O = 14.7
-15.38%; maximum body width = pm, length of pharynx = 130.0 - 135.0pm; distance
between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 191.0 - 177.0pm; tail
length = 29.4 - 34.5jj.rn; anal body diameter = 25.0pm.; spicule length = 39.0 -
43.0pm; gubemaculum = 16.5- 19.6pm; length of bursa = 54.0-71.0p.rn.
Description:
Females: Body ventrally curved to ‘C’-shaped when fixed. Cuticle marked with
coarse transverse striations, 2.0 - 2.5jim apart. Lateral field with inconspicuous,
irregularly broken poorly developed incisures.
Cephalic region set off from body, hemispheroid, with 3-4 distinct annules,
6.0 - 9.0jim high and 13.0 - 15.0jim wide. Cephalic frame work strongly sclerotized.
Spear massive, 2.42 - 2.85 head widths long, conus almost half or slightly more than
total spear length, spear knobs with anteriorly directed projections. Orifice of dorsal
pharyngeal gland 5.0 - 6.0jim below the stylet base. Median bulb spheroid to oval,
located at about middle of the oesophagus with well developed central vulvular
apparatus. Pharyngeal gland overlapping intestine dorsally and laterally. Excretory
pore 113.0 - 139.0jj.rn from anterior end at about the level of nerve ring. Hemizonid 4
- 6 annules posterior to excretory pore, 1-2 annules long.
Vulva post-equatorial, epiptygma distinct. Vagina 1/1.5 - 1/2.94 of the
corresponding body width long. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Spermatheca and
ovaries obscured by intestinal globules.
Tail short, 0.6 - 0.85 anal body-width long with 11-13 annules and ending in
a rounded terminus. Anterior phasmid can not be located, posterior phasmid on tail,
almost at the level of anus.
Fig. 37. Hoplolaimus indicus. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior end, C.

Cephalic region, Stomatostylet & knobs, D. Tail.
Male: E. Posterior end showing spicule, gubemaculum, bursa & tail.

Male: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Cephalic

region 3-5 annules, Excretory pore at 126.0 - 150.0pm from anterior end. Testis
obscured by intestine. Gubemaculum simple, developed. Spicules arcuate, cephalated,
1.56 - 1.72 anal body-widths long. Bursa terminal, completely enveloping tail. Tail
conoid in lateral view, ventrally arcuate near terminus, 1.17 - 1.38 anal body-widths
long.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Madhyam
Kalyanpur, South Gobindapur, Baikunthapur, Bosepukur and from litchi at Madhyam
Kalyanpur of Baruipur block on 13. 12. 2004.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: Sher (1963a) described the species Hoplolaimus
indicus from soil around the roots of sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) from
Punjab, India. He also described it from rhizospheric soil of banana (Musa sp.), pea
(Pisum sativum) and from guava from New Delhi, India. The present specimens agree
well with those except in having slightly shorter tail, i. e., in having greater range of
‘c’ value in males (c = 32 - 38 in type specimens). The present specimens also fairly
agree with those reported and studied by Dasgupta et al. (1970), Rashid (1991) from
different places of West Bengal. Husain and Rashid (1969), while studying the
morphological variations, concluded that some morphological structures of
“diagnostic value”, such as size of spear, position of excretory pore, size, shape and
position of oesophageal glands, overlap of intestine on rectum and tail length vary in
different population of H. indicus associated with different crops. This species is
known only from India and widely distributed in the country (Nandakumar and
Khera, 1970). Recently, Saha et al (2006) reported II. indicus from rhizosphere of
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) from Uttar Pradesh, India. Roy et al. (2007) recorded
the occurrence of this species in South 24-Parganas, West Bengal around the soil of
leguminous vegetable crops.
5.2.7. Hoplolaimus pararobustus (Sdmurmans Stekhoven &

Tenuissen, 1938) Sher, 1963
(Figure 38, A - D)
Measurements:
Females: L = 1.28 -1.40mm; a = 27.18 - 30.61; b = 8.19 - 8.38; V = 6.62 - 7.40; c = 50.0 -
52.48; d = 0.76 - 0.82; V = 53.21 - 56.95%; stylet length = 39.0 - 40.0pm; m = 50.0%;
0 = 12.56 - 14.7%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 96.0 - 104.0pm, MB =
61.14 - 62.27%; maximum body width = 42.0 - 51.5p.rn, length of pharynx = 157.0 -
189.0 - 194.0pm; body width at vulva = 39.0 - 49.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior
end = 732.5 - 745.0pm; length of vagina = 19.6 - 22.0pm; tail length = 24.5 - 28.0pm;
anal body diameter = 32.0 - 34.0pm.
Male: L = 1.21mm; a = 27.65; b = 8.57; fr = 7.8; c = 41.39; d = 1.27; stylet length = 37.0pm;
m = 50.0%; O = 18.91%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 95.0pm; MB = 66.9%;
maximum body width = 44.0pm, length of pharynx = 142.0pm; distance between
anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 156.0pm; tail length =
29.4pm; anal body diameter = 23.0pm.; spicule length = 45.0pm; gubernaculum =
21.5pm; length of bursa = 55.0pm.
Description:
Females: Body strongly ventrally curved to assume ‘C’ shape on fixation. Cuticle
marked with distinct transverse striations, 2.14 - 2.5pm apart. Lateral fields highly
reduced, inconspicuous or obliterated and the transverse striae cross the body without
any interruption.
Cephalic region deeply set off from body, rounded or hemispheroid with five
distinct annules, 7.8 - 8.82pm high, 13.72 - 14.7pm wide. Cephalic framework well
developed. Spear massive, 2.65 - 2.91 head-widths long, conus well developed, half
of the total spear length, spear knobs at least with two anteriorly directed projections.
Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland 4.9 - 5.88pm below the stylet base. Median
oesophageal bulb almost round with well developed central vulvular apparatus.
Pharyngeal gland with nuclei; overlapping intestine dorsally. Excretory pore at
132.0pm from anterior end, located in between hemizonid and nerve ring. Hemizonid
150pm from anterior end, about 2 annules long, 6-9 annules posterior to excretory
pore.
50 pm D
A
30 pm
B,C,D
Figure 38. Hoplolaimus pararobustus. Female. A. Anterior end, B.

Cephalic region, Stomatostylet, knobs and opening of dorsal gland, C.
Tail.
Vulva post-equatorial, epiptygma unpaired. Length of vagina 1/1.98 - 1/2.22
of the corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Spermatheca
and ovaries obscured by intestine.
Intestine slightly overlapping the rectum. Tail short, 0.76 - 0.82 anal body-
width long, terminally rounded, with 14-16 annules on ventral side. Phasmids in the
anterior half of tail, just below the anus or at the level of anus.
Male: similar to females in general morphology except the following. Orifice of
dorsal gland 7.0jrm below the stylet base. Excretory pore at 127.0pm and hemizonid
at 135.0pm from anterior end, the later posterior to excretory pore. Testes obscured by
intestine. Gubemaculums slightly curved, with titillate. Spicules slightly ventrally
curved, cephalated, about 1.95 anal body-widths long. Bursa with crenate margins,
wide, 2.39 anal body-widths long, completely enveloping tail. Tail terminally pointed
in lateral view, 1.27 anal body-widths long.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Gocharan of
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens fairly agree with the
measurements of syntypes of Hoplolaimus pararobustus except in having shorter
body, stylet and spicule length (L = 1.42 - 1.52mm in female; stylet = 46 - 49pm in
female and 44 - 46pm in male; spicules = 52 - 57pm in syntypes). But these body
measurements greatly vary among the other populations cited by Sher (1963a) and
conform well to the present specimens. The present specimens are also in well
consonance with those specimens of H. pararobustus reported by Suryswanshi
(1971)ffom soil around the roots of grass in Osmanabad district, Maharastra, India.
Sher (1963a) studied more than 900 specimens and considerable variability was noted
in location of the excretory pore, location of the orifice of dorsal gland below the
stylet base (O = 10 - 17%) and number of incisures in lateral field (0 - 3).
Simultaneously Coomans (1963) also studied the morphological variability of H.
pararobustus with similar result and suggested that this group of nematodes may
represent either a polytypical species or super species. Krall (1985) concluded that
there are no reliable taxonomic criteria for the accurate demarcation of all the
variations of this species and proposed a good number of species of Hoplolaimus for
synonymy with H. pararobustus. The species is reported for the first time from West
Bengal.
5.2.8. Hoplolaimus seshadrii Mulk and Jairajpuri, 1976

(Figure 39, A - C)
Measurements:
Females : L = 1.51 -1,60mm; a = 32.17 - 32.75; b = 9,90 -11.36; b' = 7,64 - 7.67; c = 54.6
- 56.0; d = 0.7 - 0.8; V = 55.6 - 56.8%; stylet length = 39.0 - 44.0pm; m = 49.0 -
50.0%; 0 = 12.56 -13.63%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 91.0 - 107.0pm,
137.0 - 162pm; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal
gland = 197.0 - 210.0pm; body width at vulva = 47.0 - 49.0pm; distance of vulva from
anterior end = 840.4 - 911.4pm; length of vagina = 15.0 - 17.0pm; tail length = 27.0 -
29.4pm; anal body diameter = 36.8pm.
Description:
Females: Body ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle marked with distinctly coarse
transverse striations, 2.0 - 2.5pm apart at mid body. Lateral fields and incisures
obliterated and the transverse striae cross the body without any interruption.
Cephalic region slightly set off from body, elevated, slightly conically rounded
with three distinct annules, 9.0pm high and 16.0 - 17.0pm wide. Cephalic framework
strongly sclerotized. Spear massive, 2.29 - 2.75 head widths long, conus about half of
the spear length. Spear knobs measuring 7.0 - 7.5pm across, strongly developed with
two anteriorly directed projections. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland 4.9 - 6.0pm
below the spear base. Median bulb oval with well developed central vulvular
apparatus, located slightly posterior to the middle of the pharynx. Pharyngeal glands
with 5-6 inconspicuous nuclei, obscured by intestinal globules. Excretory pore 140.0
- 156.0pm from anterior end, just above the oesophago-intestinal junction.
Hemizonid two annules long, 6 annules posterior to excretory pore.
Vulva post-equatorial, epiptygma double. Vaginal length about one-third of
the corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphie. Spermatheea and
ovaries obscured by intestinal contents.
Tail short, 0.7 - 0.8 anal body-width long, terminally rounded with 12 - 16
annules on ventral side. Posterior phasmids at the level of anus.
50 um
—--------- A, C
30 um
Figure 39. Hoplolaimus seshadrii. Female. A. Anterior end, B. Cephalic

region, stomatostylet, knobs & opening of dorsal gland, C. Tail.
Male: Not found.

Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Shalipur
(West), Baruipur block on 23.11. 2004.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens agree well with the type
specimens of Hop lolaimus seskadrii, described by Mulk and Jairajpuri (1975) from
soil around the roots of Arachis hypogaea L. from Rajasthan, India, except in having
inconspicuous pharyngeal gland nuclei (in type specimens pharynx with six distinct
nuclei). This is the first record of the species from West Bengal, India.
5.2.9. Rotylenchus basiri (Khan and Khan, 1982) Fortuner, 1987

(Figure 40, A - E)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.73 - 0.84mm; a = 29.22 - 33.5; b = 7.44 - 8.21; b' = 5.38 - 6.11; c = 46.41 -
50.13; d = 0.81 - 1.0; V = 58.67 - 63.72%; Gi = 17.72 - 26.25%; G2 = 13.30 -
16.55%; stylet length = 24.5 - 26.5pm; m = 40.67 - 44.0%; O = 24.0 - 36.98%;
anterior end to centre of median bulb =72.5 - 77.5 pm, MB = 69.33 - 79.08%;
maximum body width = 22.0 - 27.0pm, length of pharynx = 98.0 - 107.0pm; distance
between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 129.0 - 165.0pm;
body width at vulva = 21.0 - 27.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 458.0 -
534.0pm; length of vagina = 12.25 - 14.7pm; length of anterior branch of gonad =
142.0 - 220.0pm; length of posterior branch of gonad = 105.0 - 139.0pm; tail length =
14.7 - 17.0pm; anal body diameter = 17.0- 19.6pm.
Description:
Females: Body strongly ventrally curved to assume ‘C’ shape on fixation, gradually
tapering towards anterior extremity. Cuticle marked with distinct transverse striations,
1.5 - 2.3 pm apart near middle of the body. Lateral fields with four incisures.
Cephalic region continuous with body, conical or rounded bearing 4-5
annules, measuring 3.92pm high and 6.86pm wide. Cephalic framework moderately
sclerotized. Stomatostylet well developed, 3.57 - 3.86 head widths long, conus
slightly less than the half of the stylet length, basal knobs rounded with smooth
margins, measuring 4.9pm across. Opening of dorsal pharyngeal gland 5.88 - 9.8pm
below the stylet base. Median bulb round to oval with distinct central vulvular
apparatus, located posterior to the middle of the pharynx. Oesophageal glands
overlapping intestine dorsally. Excretory pore at 100.0 - 125.0pm from anterior end,
at the level of oesophago-intestinal junction or slightly posterior to it. Hemizonid
about two annules long, 102.0 - 119.0pm from anterior end, 3-4 annules anterior to
excretory pore.
Vulva post-equatorial, epiptygma absent. Vaginal length 1/1.66- 1/2.12 of the
corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row. Spermatheca obscure, with sperms.
Tail short, 0.86 - 1.0 anal body width long with hemispherical or broadly
rounded terminus, bearing 14-17 annules ventrally. Phasmids in the tail region,
almost at the level of anus or slightly posterior to it.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava from Mograhat
block on 10. 08. 2007 and from litchi in Bishnupur block on 01. 01.2008.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens conform well with the
type specimens of Rotylenchus basiri, described originally under the genus Orientylus
Jairajpuri and Siddiqi, 1977, from rhizosphere of fruit trees in North India by Khan
and Khan (1982) except in having shorter body length and different ‘O’ value, i. e.,
the position of dorsal oesophageal gland opening (L = 0.87 - 1.0mm; 0 = 39- 48% in
type specimens). Fortuner (1987) did not accept the genus Orientylus, as it was
differentiated from Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936 on the basis of position of the dorsal
oesophageal gland opening and considered this genus as a junior synonym of
Rotylenchus, as proposed by Zancada and Lima (1986). Siddiqi (1986, 2000) placed
Rotylenchus basiri under the genus Varotylus. Further, Fortuner (1987) also proposed
the genus varotylus as a junior synonym of Rotylenchus because the character of
differentiation of Varotylus on the basis of female gonad was not accepted as a
character at generic level. This is the first record of the genus from West Bengal,
India.
30 gm
C, E
Figure 40. Rotylenchus basiri. Female. A. Entire body, B. Anterior end, C.

Cephalic region, stomatostylet, knobs & opening of dorsal oesophageal
gland, D. Reproductive system, E. tail.
5.2.10. Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966

(Figure 41, A -C)
Measurements:
Females: L = 0.55 - 0.73mm; a = 22.97 - 27.22; b = 4.08 - 6.22; V = 3.40 - 4.96; c = 28.92 -
43.78; c/= 1.0-1.34; V = 63.94 - 67.49%; stylet length = 20.6 - 26.0pm; m = 38.05 -
45.87%; 0 = 25.02 - 33.36%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 56.0 - 98.0pm,
MB = 50.9 - 74.24%; maximum body width = 22.0 - 27.0jj.rn, length of pharynx =
103.0 - 15G.0jjm; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal
gland = 121.0 - 180.0jjm; body width at vulva = 22.0 - 26.0jim; distance of vulva from
anterior end = 358.0 - 483.0jxm; length of vagina = 14.7jjm; tail length = 15.0 -
22.0jxm; anal body diameter = 13.5 - 17.0jjm.
Description:
Females: Body spirally coiled, on fixation, particularly the posterior half of the body
in some of the specimens. Cuticle marked with distinct transverse striations, about
2.0pm apart near mid body. Lateral fields with four incisures.
Cephalic region continuous with body, hemispherical with 4 annules,
measuring 3.92 - 4.9pm high and 5.88 - 7.84pm wide. Cephalic framework
moderately sclerotized. Stomatostylet well developed, 3.12-3.79 head widths long,
conus slightly less than half of the stylet length. Stylet knobs almost anteriorly flat
with slight concavity and anterior projection, measuring 4.9 - 5.5pm across. Orifice
of dorsal pharyngeal gland 5.88 - 7.84pm below the stylet base. Median bulb oval
with distinct central vulvular apparatus, located near about middle of the pharynx or
posterior to it. Pharyngeal glands overlap the anterior portion of intestine ventrally.
Excretory pore 97.0 - 108.0pm from the anterior end, anterior to the oesophago-
intestinal junction. Hemizonid about one and half to two annules long, 93.0 -
103.0pm from anterior end, 2-4 annules anterior to excretory pore.
Vulva post-equatorial, epiptygma absent. Vaginal length 1/1.66 - 1/1.79*. of
the corresponding body width. Both branches of gonad functional. Spermatheca
inconspicuous. Ovaries outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row, possibly
except the terminal portion, terminal portion of both ovaries inconspicuous due to
intestinal contents.
Figure 41 .Helicotylenchus crenacauda. Female: A. Entire body, B.. Cephalic

region, Stomatostylet & knobs, C. Tail showing the terminal shape.
Tail with well developed ventral projection, with tapering tip bearing eight
cuticular rings. Characteristic indentation at dorsal terminal part of tail present.
Phasmids almost at the level of anus or slightly posterior to it.
Male: Not found.
Kalyanpur, Baruipur block on 13. 12. 2004 and from Joynagar and Kultali block on
11.07. 2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens fairly agree with the type
specimens of Helicotylenchus crenacauda described by Sher (1966) from the
rhizosphere of paddy (Oryza saliva) from Java, Indonesia except in having shorter
conus (m = 47 - 50% in type specimens). The distribution of this species is restricted.
It was found in Java, Bangladesh, India (Sher, 1966), in West Malaysia (Sauer and
Winoto, 1975) and only in Spain among European countries (Arias and Romero,
1972). In West Bengal, India, this species has been reported from the rhizospheric soil
of paddy and sugarcane in Burdwan (Baqri and Ahmad, 1984. Chatteijee, 1998) and
in Nadia districts (Rashid, 1991) respectively. This is the first record of the species
from South 24-Paraganas district, West Bengal, India.
5.2.11. Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961

(Figure 42, A - C)
Measurements:
Females: L = 0.51 - 0.66mm; a = 21.88 - 27.5; b = 4.43 - 4.94; b* = 3.43 - 4.04; c = 35.17 -
55.2; d = 0.83 -1.17; V = 65.61 - 69.76%; stylet length = 22.0 - 25.0pm; m = 40.9 -
44.0%; 0 = 30.48 - 40.0%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 69.5 - 84.0pm; MB
= 59.21 - 69.39%; maximum body width = 22.0 - 27.0pm, length of pharynx = 116.0 —
135.0 - 193.0pm; body width at vulva = 19.6 - 25.7pm; distance of vulva from anterior
end = 355.0 - 443.5pm; length of vagina = 11.76 - 13.72pm; tail length = 10.0 —
17.2pm; anal body diameter = 12.0 - 15.0f.im.
Description:
Females: Body spirally coiled on fixation. Annules on body distinct, 2.0 - 2.17pm
wide at mid body. Lateral fields with four incisures.
Cephalic region continuous with body, rounded, marked with four cuticular
rings, 3.92 - 4.9pm high and 6.86pm wide. Stomatostylet well developed, 3.2 - 3.64
head widths long, conus less than half of the stylet length. Stylet knobs anteriorly
indented with projections, 4.9 - 5.5pm wide across. Opening of dorsal pharyngeal
gland 6.86 - 9.8pm below the stylet base. Median bulb almost round to oval with
inconspicuous central vulvular apparatus, located posterior to the middle of the
pharynx. Pharyngeal glands overlapping the anterior part of intestine ventrally.
Excretory pore 76.5 - 115.0pm from anterior end, inconspicuous in most of the
specimens. Hemizonid also obscure in some specimens, 101.0 - 128.0pm from
anterior end, posterior to the excretory pore.
Vulva post-equatorial. Vagina about half of the corresponding body width
long. Both branches of gonad functional. Spermathecae not clear. Both ovaries
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row, terminal portion of ovaries obscured
by intestinal contents.
Tail with very small ventral out growth, minutely dorsally curved with 10-14
cuticular rings on ventral side, 0.83 - 1.17 anal body-widths long. Phasmids on tail.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Shalipur
(West) and Balarampur, Baruipur block on 17. 05. 2005.

measurements of Topotypes of Helicotylenchus dihystera given by Sher (1961) except
in having lesser values of b and b7 and shorter stylet (b = 5.8 - 6.9; b7 = 4.4 - 5.9;
stylet = 25 - 28pm in topotype). But Sher (1966) reported the males of H. dihystera
with stylet length 22 - 27pm. Sauer and Winoto (1975) also reported the species with
shorter stylet length of 22 - 26pm from West Malaysia which agrees with the present
female specimens. This is the most widely distributed species of the genus and
B, C
e: A. Entire body, B. Anterior

end showing stomatostylet, knobs & opening of dorsal gland
distributed through out the world with wide range of host plants (Krall, 1985). Saha et
al. (2006) reported this species to be associated with litchi plantation. Baqri and
Ahmad (1984) recorded H. dihystera from West Bengal and was found to be
associated with various plants like tea, banana, maize, mango etc. Roy et al. (2007)
observed the occurrence of this species from rhizosphere of leguminous vegetable
crops in South 24-Parganas district, West Bengal.
5.2.12. Helicotylenchus seshadrii Singh and Khera, 1979

(Figure 43, A - C)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.56 - 0.72mm; a = 26.6 - 31.37; b = 5.76 - 6.53; b' = 4.96 - 5.59; c = 46.36 -
56.0; d= 0.9 - 1.11; V = 62.5 - 68.0%; stylet length = 23.0 - 26.0pm; 0 = 34.6 -
39.1%; anterior end to centre of median bulb =77.0 pm, MB = 61.6%; maximum body
width = 19.6 - 24.5pm, length of pharynx = 90.0 - 125.0pm; distance between anterior
end and posterior margin of pharyngeal gland = 105.0 - 145.0pm; body width at vulva
= 19.6 - 24.5pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 379.65 - 490.0pm; tail length =
12.25- 14.0pm; anal body diameter = 11.0- 14.7pm.
Description:
Females: Body assuming loose spiral on fixation. Cuticle marked with distinct
transverse striations, 2.0 - 2.38pm apart at mid body. Lateral fields with four
incisures.
Cephalic region continuous with body, hemispherical, some times conically
rounded with 4 annules, although in some specimens cephalic annulations
inconspicuous, resembling almost smooth, 3.92 - 4.9pm high and 5.88 - 7.0pm wide.
Cephalic framework moderately developed. Stomatostylet 3.28 - 4.42 head widths
long, stylet knobs well developed, measuring 4.8 - 5.5pm across, indented with
anteriorly directed projections, almost anchor-shaped. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal
gland 8.0 - 9.0pm below the stylet base. Median bulb oval with well developed
crescentic plates, located posterior to the middle of the pharynx. Pharyngeal gland
30 Jim B
B, C
Figure 43. Helicotylenchm seshadrii. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior
CTail.
overlapping the intestine ventrally. Nerve ring at 81.0 - 90.0pm from anterior end.
hemizonid inconspicuous in most of the specimens. Excretory pore at 90.0 - 101.0pm
from anterior end, not visible in some specimens.
Vulva post-equatorial. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row, although the terminal portion not
distinctly visible due to intestinal contents. Spennatheeae rounded, without sperms.
Tail with 12 annules, with slight ventral inclination at terminus, curved
dorsally with rounded shape, 0.9 - 1.11 anal body-width long. Phasmids at the level
of anus.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Shanpukur,
Baruipur block and from litchi at Bhangore block on 24. 05.2004 and on 13. 06. 2004
respectively.
specimens of Helicotylenchus seshadrii except in having greater ‘c’ value (c = 40 - 51
in type specimens). This species has been described from the rhizosphere of okra
(Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) at Belur, Howrah district, West Bengal by
Singh and Khera (1979) without further report from else where in India. This is the
first report of the species from South 24-Parganas, West Bengal.
5.2.13. Helicotylenchus sheri Jain, Upadhyay and Singh, 1989

(Figure 44, A - C)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.48 - 0.61mm; a = 19.77 - 27.5; b = 4.4 - 5.49; V = 3.58 - 4.41; c = 39.03 -
49.63; d = 0.84 -1.0; V = 62.07 - 72.5%; stylet length = 22.5 - 25.5pm; m = 43.55 -
48.0%; 0 = 34.84 - 47.91%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 72.52 - 85.0pm,
101.0 - 125.5pm; distance between anterior end and posterior margin of pharyngeal
gland = 130.3 - 155.0pm; body width at vulva = 19.6 - 27.0pm; distance of vulva from
anterior end = 348.0 - 426.5pm; length of vagina = 8.82 -13.72pm; tail length = 11.78
- 14.5|nm; anal body diameter = 12.25 - 14.5(jim.
Description:
Females: Body spirally coiled on fixation. Cuticle marked with transverse striations,
1.5- 2.0pm wide near middle of the body. Lateral fields with four incisures.
Cephalic region continuous with body, hemispherical with 3-4 annules, 2.94
- 4.9pm high and 5.88 - 7.84pm wide. Cephalic frame work well sclerotized.
Stomatostylet 2.86 - 4.33 head widths long, conus slightly shorter than half of total
stylet length. Stylet knobs well developed, anteriorly indented with two small
projections, measuring 4.41 - 5.88pm wide across. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland
7.84 - 10.78pm below the stylet base. Median bulb almost round to oval, located
posterior to the middle of pharynx. Pharyngeal glands overlapping intestine ventrally.
Excretory pore at 68.5 - 77.5pm from anterior end, located anterior to the oesophago-
intestinal junction. Hemizonid indistinct and invisible in most of the specimens, in
one specimen 61.74pm from anterior end, anterior to excretory pore.
Vulva a transverse slit, post-equatorial. Vagina length 1/1.60 - 1/2.22 of the
corresponding body width. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Both ovaries
outstretched, oocytes arranged in a single row. Spermatheca not visible.
Tail short, 0.84 - 1.0 anal body-width long, dorsally convex-conoid with 9 -
13 cutieular rings on ventral side, ending in an irregularly rounded terminus.
Phasmids 7 annules anterior to anal level.
Male: Not found.
Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Madhyam
Kalyanpur and Balarampur of Baruipur block on 20. 08. 2004.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens are in well conformity

with the type specimens of Helicotylenchus sheri, described by Jain et al. (1989) from
rhizospheric soil of Bryophyllum sp. at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, except its
more anteriorly placed excretory pore (in type specimens, excretory pore 88.0 -
118.0pm from anterior end). The species has not been reported further from elsewhere
in India. This is the second report of the species from India and first from West
Bengal.
50 nm
A
B 30 pm B, C
Figure 44. Helicotylenchus shed. A. Entire body, B. Anterior end showing stomatosfylet,
stylet knobs and opening of dorsal gland, C. Tail

5.2.14. Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n.

Description: (Minimum-maximum range of some measurements of paratypes given
Females: Body cylindrical, slightly tapering at both extremities, ventrally curved to
assume ‘C’-shape on fixation. Cuticle marked with distinct transverse striations, 1.57
- 2.0pm at mid body. Lateral fields with four incisures, abruptly areolated and
without any areolation at the level of scutellum.
Cephalic region slightly set off, high arched, hemispherical with 4 (3 - 4)
distinct annules, 8.5pm (7.35 - 8.5pm) high and 14.7pm (14.5 - 14.7pm) wide. Basal
lip annule without longitudinal striations. Stomatostylet 2.58 (2.38 - 2.75) head
widths long, conus slightly less than to half of the total stylet length. Stylet knobs well
developed, anteriorly indented with two small projections. Orifice of dorsal
pharyngeal gland 9.8pm (8.82 - 9.8pm) below the stylet base. Median bulb almost
round with well developed central vulvular apparatus, located slightly posterior to the
middle of the pharynx. Oesophageal glands overlap intestine dorsally. Nerve ring
surrounding the isthmus just below the median bulb, 105.0pm (98.0 - 108.0pm) from
anterior end. Excretory pore 127.5pm (120.0 - 135.0pm) from anterior end below the
nerve ring, anterior to hemizonid. Hemizonid 137.0pm (122.5 - 137.0pm) from
anterior end, 5 (4 - 6) annules posterior to excretory pore.
Vulva transverse, slit-like, post-equatorial in position, epiptygma absent.
Vaginal length 1/2.24 (1/2 - 1/2.24) of the corresponding body width. Reproductive
system amphidelphic, both branches of gonad functional. Both ovaries outstretched,
oocytes arranged in a single row. Spermatheeae irregular-shaped or almost round.
Tail short, 0.96 (0.83 - 0.96) anal body-width long, broadly rounded,
terminally striated with 12-14 annules on ventral side. Phasmids scutellum-like,
measuring 2.85pm (2.5 - 3.0pm) in diameter, located at the level of anus or 1 - 2
annules posterior to anus.
Males: Similar to females in general morphology except the following. Orifice of
dorsal oesophageal gland 6.86 - 7.84pm below the stylet base. Average length of
stylet shorter than that of females. Testes 522.0 - 622.0pm long. Spicules slightly
ventrally curved near middle, cephalated, 1.87 - 2.09 anal body-widths long.
Gubemaculum straight, well developed, 0.58 - 0.84 anal body-width long. Bursa with
crenate margins, completely enveloping tail. Tail terminally smooth and pointed in
lateral view, 1.04-1.31 anal body-widths long.
Table 19. Morphometric data on female Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n. (All

Holotype Paraty De females (12)

Characters female Min Max Mean ± SD SE
L 1.39 1.1 1.44 1.26 0.15 0.06
a 31.68 27.54 36.94 32.19 4.02 1.79
b 9.02 7.51 8.82 8.17 0.52 0.23
V 7.49 6.53 7.78 7.05 0.47 0.21
c 58.08 47.44 55.79 51.14 3.81 1.7
d 0.96 0.83 0.9 0.87 0.03 0.02
V% 52.36 54.7 57.35 55.57 1.05 0.47
Gi% 19.87 19.95 20.62 20.28 0.34 0.19
g2% 19.51 19.67 20.95 20.34 0.64 0.37
Head height 8.5 7.35 8.5 8.04 0.63 0.28
head width 14.7 14.5 14.7 14.58 0.11 0.05
No. of head annules 4 3 4 3.8 0.45 0.2
Length of stomatostylet 38.0 35.0 40.0 37.8 1.92 0.86
Length of conus 19.6 16.6 19.6 18.4 1.3 0.58
m% 51.57 47.42 50.25 48.63 1.17 0.52
Stylet base to opening of dorsal
gland 9.8 8.82 9.8 9.31 0.56 0.28
0% 24.5 22.61 26.48 24.2 1.71 0.86
Anterior end to posterior margin of
pharyngeal gland 186.0 169.0 191.0 180.7 8.49 3.8
Anterior end to centre of median
bulb 93.0 88.0 93.0 90.6 2.51 1.12
MB % 60.19 56.7 59.86 58.04 1.36 0.6
Anterior end to nerve ring 105.0 98.0 108.0 104.2 3.7 1.65
Anterior end to excretory pore 127.5 120.0 135.0 125.0 8.66 5.0
Anterior end to hemizonid 137.0 122.5 137.0 129.16 7.32 4.23
Length of vagina 19.6 17.0 22.0 19.0 2.09 0.94
Tail length 24.6 22.0 29.0 25.1 2.88 1.29
Anal body width 25.0 24.5 32.0 28.7 3.55 1.59
Diameter of scutellum 2.85 2.5 3.0 2.9 0.22 0.1
Number of tail annules 13 12 14 13.4 0.89 0.4
Table 20. Morphometric data on male Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n. (All measurements
are in pm except L and body ratios, L in mm. Number of paratypes examined given in the
parenthesis)
Paratype males (11)

L 1.04 1.16 1.12 0.05 0.02
a 29.02 32.71 30.92 1.35 0.6
b 7.24 8.21 7.58 0.37 0.17
b' 6.11 7.4 6.6 0.54 0.24
c 35.37 41.88 38.76 2.44 1.09
d 1.04 1.31 1.22 0.1 0.05
T% 44.96 55.28 49.69 3.92 1.75
Head height 7.35 8.5 8.04 0.63 0.28
Head width 12.0 14.5 12.8 1.15 0.51
No. of head annules 3 4 3.75 0.5 0.25
Length of stomatostylet 29.5 36 33.3 2.77 1.24
Length of conus 13.7 17.6 16.22 1.63 0.73
m% 46.44 50.3 48.65 1.39 0.62
Stylet base to opening of dorsal gland 6.86 7.84 7.35 0.57 0.29
0% 20.78 24.5 22.57 1.64 0.82
Maximum body width 32.0 39 36.4 2.6 1.17
Pharyngeal length 137.0 159 148.3 8.89 3.97
Anterior end to posterior margin of
pharyngeal gland 152.0 188.5 170.9 14.32 6.4
Anterior end to centre of median bulb 78.0 88.0 82.6 3.65 1.63
MB % 50.94 58.45 55.79 2.91 1.3
Anterior end to nerve ring 83.0 105.0 97.4 8.8 3.94
Anterior end to excretory pore 108.0 128.5 116.3 8.07 3.6
Anterior end to hemizonid 121.5 135.0 129.62 6.24 3.12
Tail length 25.0 32.0 29.1 2.6 1.17
Anal body width 22.0 25.5 23.8 1.35 0.6
Diameter of scutellum 2.5 3.0 2.62 0.25 0.13
Testis length 522.0 622.0 557.6 39.3 17.57
Length of gubemaculum 14.0 19.5 17.0 2 0.89
Length of bursa 54.0 61.0 57.2 2.77 1.24
Type habitat and locality: Holotype with some other paratypes collected from soil
around the roots of guava at Chandokhali, Dhapdhapi (West) of Baruipur block on 25.
08.2006 and other paratypes from same habitat at Charabagan, Joynagar block on 14.
07. 2004, from Bhangore block on 16. 09. 2004 and at Mistripara, Baruipur block on
27. 07.2005.
Figure 45. Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n. Female: A. Entire body, C.

Anterior portion of body, D. Anterior end showing cephalic region, stoma-
tostylet, stylet knobs & opening of dorsal gland, E. Anterior branch of
gonad, F. Posterior end showing scutellum and tail.
bursa.
Plate 18. Photomicrographs of Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n. Female:

A. Entire body, C. Anterior end, D. Anterior end showing stylet & knobs,
E. Posterior branch of gonad, F. Vulva, G. Posterior end showing scutellum.
Male: B. Entire body, H. Tail region showing spicules, gubernaculum & bursa.
Type specimens: Holotype registration No. WN with one female and two male
paratypes on same slide. Paratype registration Nos. WN and WN (3 $ & 2 S) on
three different slides. Deposited in National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey
of India, Kolkata, India.
Etymology: As this the first report of the genus Scutellonema Andrassy, 1958 with
the proposition of the present new species from the state of West Bengal, the new
species has been named after the state.
Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Scutellonema bengalensis sp. n. can

be distinguished from all other species of the genus except S. grande Sher, 1964 by
the position of its hemizonid which is posterior to excretory pore. The present new
species shows very close resemblance with S. grande but it differs in having longer
body, lesser number of cephalic and tail annules, non-areolated lateral field at the
level of scutellum and in having longer spicules in males (L = 0.87 - 1.20mm in
females and 0.81 - 1.05mm in males; cephalic annules = 6-9; tail annules = 15 - 21;
lateral fields areolated at the level of scutellum; spicules = 32.0 - 37.0pm in males of
S. grande)
Key to the Indian species of the Genus Scutellonema Andrassy, 1958
1. Spermatheca functional, males present..................................................................... 2

- Spermatheca nonfunctional, males absent................................................................ 6
2. Hemizonid posterior to excretory pore..................................................................... 3
- Hemizonid anterior to excretory pore....................................................................... 4
3. Body length 0.87 - 1.20mm in females; lateral field at the level of scutellum
areolated............................................................... Scutellonema grande Sher, 1964
- Body length 1.10 - 1.44mm in females; lateral field at the level of scutellum not
areolated...................................................................................S. bengalensis sp. n.
4. Head broadly rounded, deeply set off.......................................................................5
- Head truncate, not set off..................................................... S. siamense Timm, 1965
5. Head with 7-9 annules..........S. bradys (Steiner & Le Hew, 1933) Andrassy, 1958
- Head with 2-3 annules................................... S. erectum Sivakumar & Khan, 1981
6. Lateral field without areolation at the level of scutellum....................................... 7
- Lateral field with areolation at the level of scutellum............................................ 8
7. Basal lip annule with 4 striae; scutellum 4 - 5pm wide............................................
.......................................................................S. imphalum Sultan & Jairajpuri, 1978
- Basal lip annule without striae; scutellum 6 - 7pm wide..........................................
.................................................................... S. scutellonema Sen & Chatterjee, 2007
8. Basal lip annule without striae.................................................................................9
- Basal lip annule with striae.................................................................................... 10
9. Lip region with 4 faint annules...................................S. sacchari Rashid et al, 1985
- Lip region with 3 distinct annules...............5. conicephalum Sivakumar et al, 1982
10. Basal lip annule with 6 striae...........S. brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958
- Basal lip annule with 10 or more striae................................................................. 11
11. Spear 29pm long.......................................................................S. unum Sher, 1964
- Spear 34pm long.......................................................... S. magniphasma Sher, 1963
5.2.15. Hemicriconemoides litchi Edward and Misra, 1963

(Figure 46, A - D)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.44 - 0.53mm; a = 14.22 -18.33; b = 4.31 - 4.96; c = 18.33 - 23.3; d = 1.0 -
1.37; V = 91.87 - 93.59%; Gi = 31.7 - 48.6%; VL / VB =1.31 -1.77; R = 126 -141;
Rex = 31-41; Roes = 29 - 37; Rv = 10 -12; Rvan = 3 - 5; Ran = 6 - 9; stylet length
= 52.0 - 65.0pm; m = 76.56 - 87.5%; maximum body width = 27.0 - 34.3pm, length of
pharynx = 102.0 - 108.0pm; distance between vulva to posterior end (VL) = 29.4 -
39.2pm ; body width at vulva (VB) = 19.6 - 27.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior
end = 412.0 - 497.0pm; length of anterior branch of gonad = 147.0 - 220.5pm; tail
length = 20.6 - 27.4pm; anal body diameter = 17.0 - 24.5pm.

Description:
Females: Body cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities, ventrally curved on
fixation. Body annules coarse but not retrorse, 126 - 141 in number, 2.5 - 3.5pm
apart on mid body. Lateral lines not observed.
Cephalic region flattened, slightly set off and narrower than adjoining body,
3.92 - 5.88pm high and 8.88 - 10.78pm wide, consisting of two distinct annules. First
annule angular, directed outwards. Labial framework strongly sclerotized.
Stomatostylet 5.71 - 6.95 times the head width. Stylet knobs well developed, 5.88 -
6.89pm wide across with anteriorly directed projections. Median bulb criconematoid,
basal bulb cylindrical and its base at 29th. - 37th. body annule. Excretory pore 106.82
- 118.58pm from anterior end, situated on 31st. - 41st. body annule or 2 - 4 annules
posterior to oesophago-intestinal junction.
Vulva a transverse slit, situated at 10 - 12th. annule or 29.4 ~ 39.2pm from tail
terminus. Vulva without lateral flaps, leading to a conspicuously folded uterus.
Spermatheca without any regular shape, inconspicuous, situated above the uterus.
Reproductive system mono-prodelphic. Ovary outstretched, oocytes arranged in a
single row.
Anus situated at 6th. - 9th. annule from tail terminus or 3 ~ 5 annules below
the vulva. Tail 1 - 1.37 anal body-widths long, regularly tapering both dorsally and
ventrally, ending in a bluntly rounded smooth terminus.
Male: Not found.
Kalyanpur, Madhyam Kaiyanpur, Kazipara (on 13. 12. 2004), Daspara (on 27. 07.
2005) of Baruipur block and from Bishnupur block on 18. 08.2007.
specimens of Hemicriconemoides litchi described by Edward and Misra (1963) from
rhizosphere of litchi in Uttar Pradesh, India with no further report from else where in
India. This is the first report of the species from West Bengal, India.
Figure 46. Eemicriconemoides litchi. Female: A. Entire body, B. Anterior portion of

body showing stomatostylet & stylet knobs, C. Reproductive system, D. Posterior
end showing vulval opening and anus.
5.2.16. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961

(Figure 47, A - F)
Measurements:
Females : L = 0.54 - 0.65mm; a = 15.75 -18.38; b = 4.62 - 5.36; c = 20.43 - 25.51; o' = 1.25
- 1.37; V = 91.74 - 93.07%; Gi = 45.03 - 66.64%; VL / VB = 1.59 - 1.80; R = 136 -
178; Rex = 33 - 45; Roes = 29 - 40; Rv = 10 -15; Rvan = 3 - 6; Ran = ; stylet length
= 66.64 - 82.0pm; m = 7S.68 - 83.66%; anterior end to centre of median bulb = 81.0-
98.0ia.ni, MB = 71.48 - 77.14%; maximum body width = 32,0 - 41.5p.m. length of

pharynx = 105.0 - 132.0p.rn; distance between vulva to posterior end (VL) = 39.0 -
54.0pm ; body width at vulva (VB) = 23.0 - 29.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior
end = 502.0 - 600.0pm; length of anterior branch of gonad = 245.0 - 416.5pm; tail
length = 24.5 - 32.0pm; anal body diameter = 19.6 - 23.5pm.
Description:
Females: Body cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities, ventrally curved on
fixation. Body annules coarse, rounded but not retrorse, 136-156 in number (number
of body annules 178 only in one specimen), 3.75 - 4.5pm apart near middle of the
body. Lateral lines not observed.
Cephalic region flattened, slightly set off from body with two distinct annules,
first annule almost equal with the width of the second annule, angular and directed
outward. Cephalic region 4.9 - 6.86pm high and 8.82 - 10.78pm wide. Labial
framework strongly sclerotized. Stomatostylet strong, 6.79 - 8.21 times the lip region
width. Stylet knobs well developed, 4.9 - 6.86pm wide across, anterior margins
directed forward, almost anchor-shaped. Median bulb criconematoid, basal bulb
pyriform and its base at 29th. to 40th. body annule from anterior end. Excretory pore
77.42 - 152.0pm from anterior end, located on 33rd to 45th. body annule or 4 - 7
annules posterior to pharyngeal base.
Vulva transverse, situated at 10 - 15th. annule or 39.0 - 54.0pm from tail
terminus (in one specimen vulva at 18th. annule or 61.0pm from tail terminus). Vulva
without lateral flaps, leading to uterus. Spermatheca distinct, rounded, containing
30 jam
C,E,F
Figure 47. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae. Female: A. Entire body, B.Anterior

portion of body, C. Anterior portion in enlarged form showing stomatostylet &
stylet knobs, D. Reproductive system, E. Posterior end showing vulval opening,
anus & tail, F. Variation in tail shape.
sperms. Reproductive system mono-prodelphic. Ovary outstretched, oocytes arranged
in a single row.
Anus situated at 7 - 11 annules from tail terminus or 3 - 7 annules below the
vulva. Tail 1.25 - 1.78 anal body-widths long, slightly tapering both dorsally and
ventrally, ending in a convex-conoid or rounded terminus.
Male: Not found.

Habitat and locality: Collected from soil around the roots of guava at Balarampur,
Shalipur (on 16. 01. 2006), at Hogla, Sarberia, Gocharan (on 31. 01. 2006) and from
litchi in Joynagar, Bhangore and Kultali block on 12. 09. 2007.
DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: The present specimens are in well conformity

with Hemicriconemoides mangiferae, described by Siddiqi (1961) from soil around
the roots of mango (Mangifera indica), except in having a different location of vulva
from tail terminus, evident from greater value of VL/VB ratio (VL / VB = 1.2 - 1.6 in
type specimens). This species has been reported from different places of West Bengal
(Baqri, 1978) and from Uttar Pradesh & Karnataka (Rahman and Ahmad, 1995). H.
mangiferae is cosmopolitan in tropics and sub-tropics and is an important parasite of
large number of fruit plantations in India (Ahmad, 1996). Crozzoli et al. (1995)
observed it to be associated with a lot of fruit and other plants in Venezuela. Saha et
al (2006) recorded H. mangiferae from soil around the roots of litchi plantations in
Uttar Pradesh, India. This is the first report of the species from South 24-Parganas
district, West Bengal.
5.2.17. Table - 21. Distribution of Tylenchida associated with guava and litchi in South
24- Parganas [N. R.: New Record; A. R.: Already Recorded (D: from the District, S:
from the State, C: from the Country)]
Name of the species Soil Sub division Block N. R./
around A. R.
1. Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi Litchi Baruipur Baruipur A. R. D.
2. Trophurus c/avicaudatus sp. n. Litchi Baruipur Baruipur Newsp.
Name of the species Soil Sub division Block N.R./
around A. R.
3. Mixotelotylenchoides raflqi gen. Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. gen.
n., sp. n. New sp.
Diamond
Diamond Harbour -1 & N. R. D.
4. Hirschmanniella gracilis
Guava Harbour II, A. R. S.
Mathurapur -1
&ll
5. Hirschmanniella oryzae Guava Sonarpur N. R. D.
Litchi Baruipur Baruipur A. R. S.
6. Hoplolaimus indicus Guava Baruipur Baruipur A. R. D.

Litchi
7. Hoplolaimus pararobustus Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
8. Hoplolaimus seshadrii Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
Guava Diamond- Mograhat
Harbour N. R. S.
9. Rotylenchus basin'
Litchi Alipore Sadar Bishnupur A. R. C.
10. Helicotylenchus crenacauda Baruipur, N. R. D.

Litchi Baruipur Joynagar, A. R. S.
Kultali
11. Helicotylenchus dihystera Guava Baruipur Baruipur A. R. D.
12. Helicotylenchus seshadrii Litchi Bhangore N.R.D.

Guava Baruipur Baruipur A. R. S.
13. Helicotylenchus sheri Guava Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
A. R. C.
14. Scutellonema bengalensis sp. Baruipur,
Guava Baruipur Joynagar, Newsp.
n.
Bhangore
15. Hemicriconemoides litchi Baruipur Baruipur N. R. S.
Litchi A. R. C.
Alipore Sadar Bishnupur
16. Hemicriconemoides Guava Baruipur
mangiferae Baruipur Joynagar, N. R. D.
Litchi Bhangore, A. R. S.
Kultali
Remark: Among 16 tylenchid species, 7 species were found to be associated

with the soil around the roots of guava, 4 around the roots of litchi and
5 around die roots of both the fruit plants.
5.3. ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
5.3.1. Population fluctuation of the nematode orders Dorylaimida, Tylenchida,
Mononchida and nematodes of other orders in guava orchards of
Shalipur (West) and Calcutta University Experimental Farm (CUEF)
guava orchards
Monthly population fluctuation of the nematode belonging to the orders

Dorylaimida, Tylenchida and Mononchida along with some free-living nematodes of
other orders, referred to as ‘other nematodes’ here, was observed in two different
guava orchards.
In Shalipur (West) guava orchard, two genera of Tylenchida (Helicotylenchus
Steiner, 1945 and Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905), four genera of Dorylaimida
(Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845, Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965, Indodorylaimus Ali &
Prabha, 1974 and Laevides Heyns, 1968) and three genera of Mononchida
(.Mylonchulus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953, Iotonchus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1950 and
Parahadronchus Mulvey, 1978) along with some nematodes belonging to other
orders were observed. On the other hand, in the guava orchard of Calcutta University
Experimental Farm (CUEF), Two genera of Tylenchida (Helicotylenchus and
Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957), four genera of Dorylaimida
(Dorylaimus, Aporcelaimellus, Indodorylaimus and Discolaimus Cobb, 1913) and the
same three genera of Mononchida as in Shalipur (West) orchard along with some
nematodes of other orders were found. The population of nematodes and their mean
of population were always taken per 250gm of soil.
In Shalipur (West) orchard, the maximum total population abundance, i. e., the
totality of all (juveniles and adults) dorylaimids, tylenchids, mononchids and other
nematodes, was observed in the month of July among all thirty-six months of
observations, the mean of total population being 4169.1/250gm of soil in July, 2004,
3559.2 in July, 2005 and 2204.8 in July 2006. The minimum total population was
recorded in the month of December, 2004, April, 2005, 2006 and in January, 2007,
the mean of population being 398.9, 204.5, 242 and 476 respectively (Table 22,
Figure 48).
The maximum population of Tylenchida was noticed in July, 2004
(1699.1/250 gm of soil), July, 2005 (1495) and in August, 2006 (541.2). Tylenchids
were counted minimum in December, 2004 (167.8), April, 2005 (71.4), May, 2006
(96.1) and in April, 2007 (172). Beside this, a population decline of Tylenchida was
also recorded in December, 2005 (181), April and December, 2006 (112 and 223.2
respectively). Like wise, the mean of population abundance of Dorylaimida was
observed to be the highest in the month of July in three consecutive years (2302.1 in
2004, 1900 in 2005 and 1810 in 2006). The mean population of Dorylaimida was
counted lowest in December, 2004 (180.4), April, 2005 (85.5), in April, 2006 (106)
and in January, 2007 (221) along with a tendency of population decrease in March
and December, 2005 (220.2 & 240 respectively) and also in March and December,
2006 (231.3 & 175 respectively). The distinct population peak of Mononchida was
well pronounced in July and October of 2004 (104.6 & 86 respectively), of 2005 (100
& 84 respectively) and also of 2006 (122.1 & 82.2 respectively). It remained
distinctly minimum in August (08) and November (6.6) of 2004, in March, 2005 (7.3)
and again in March, 2006 (11) as well as in December (7.6) of 2006. The highest
population of nematodes belonging to other orders, i.e., of ‘other nematodes’ was
encountered in June (78) beside a second increase of population in August (72.2) of
2004 and in the month of August for next two consecutive years (78.3 in 2005; 83 in
2006). The least population was recorded in May, 2004 (21.2), February, 2005 (14)
and further in December, 2005 (11), May, 2006 (08) and in April, 2007 (11). The
data regarding the monthly population fluctuation of Tylenchida, Dorylaimida,
Mononchida and other nematodes in Shalipur (West) orchard is shown in table 22 and
in figure 48.
In Calcutta university Experimental Farm guava orchard, the highest mean of
total population (juveniles and adults of Tylenchida, Dorylaimida, Mononchida and
other nematodes / 250 g of soil) was observed in the month of July in three successive
years (704.2 in 2004; 738.2 in 2005 and 636.9 in 2006). The lowest mean of
population was noticed in September, 2004 (157), May, 2005 (98.3), April, 2006
(127) and in March, 2007 (103.5). In the rest of the period of observation, the
population fluctuated with increase or decrease within the above mentioned maximum
and minimum limit. (Table 23; Figure 49).
The population of Tylenchida was found to be highest in November, 2004
(201), July, 2005 (217) and in August, 2006 (155). The population remained
minimum in September, 2004 and 2005 (26.7 & 30.2 respectively), May, 2006 (24.1)
and in April, 2007 (42). Besides, the tylenchid population also showed the tendency to
be lower in May, 2004 (36), April and May, 2005 (32.4 & 33 respectively) and in
April, 2006 (32.2). In case of Dorylaimida, plenty of population bloomed in the
month of July in the three successive years (302 in 2004; 298.2 in 2005 and 264.2 in
2006), followed by a second distinct peak in the month of October of all the three
years (117.3, 101.2 and 171.3 in 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively). The population
showed a tendency to be lowered in May (39), September (40.2) and in November,
2004 (41.3) and in March (30), April (32.2), May (32) and September (41) in 2005,
and remained minimum in March, 2006 and 2007 being 43 and 28.1 respectively. The
maximum population of Mononchida showed the similar trend with that of the
Shalipur (W) orchard and gained the maximum richness in July, 2004 (182.2), 2005
(199) and in 2006 (172.4), followed by a distinct second peak in October in all the
three years (156 in 2004, 122 in 2005 and 128.2 in 2006). The minimum population
was recorded in December, 2004 (16), remained lower in January (06) and March
(02) of 2005, also in January (14), March (19) and in December (12) of 2006 and in
January (3.2), March (08) of 2007. Regarding the population fluctuation of ‘other
nematodes’, the maximum population was observed in July, 2004 (44), exceptionally
in January (39) and November (40) of 2005, because the population reached the third
highest position in the month of July, 2005 (24) and in July, 2006 (49). The minimum
population of ‘other nematodes were recorded in October (02), May, 2005 (04), and
remained lower in February (8.2), May (08) and in October (8.2) of 2006 and in April,
2007 (5.2). The data regarding the population fluctuation in CUEF orchard is shown
in table 23 and in figure 49.
In case of Shalipur (West) guava orchard it was observed that the total
population of all the nematode orders started upcoming from the month of May for
the years under study and maintained a high population abundance up to the month of
August, reaching its highest in the month of July. In the year 2004, the population
started declining notably in September - October followed by an augment in
November. In 2005 and 2006 same type of population fluctuation was recorded beside
a higher population in January with an exception in January, 2007. The same trend in
population richness and fluctuation was noted in case of Tylenchida with exception in
the year 2006, in which the maximum population was recorded in August. A second
peak of tylenchid population occurred in the month of November of 2004, 2005 and
2006. Exactly the same kind of fluctuation was followed by the nematode population
belonging to the order Dorylaimida. The only exception is that the second peak of
population was found in October, 2006 instead of November as were observed in the
rest of the years. The population of mononchids fluctuated randomly all through the
years reaching consistently maximum in July and with a second highest peak in
October. The population of ‘other nematodes’ fluctuated through out the years
without maintaining any definite pattern being maximum in August, 2005 and 2006
with a marked exception in 2004.
In CUEF guava orchard, the fluctuation of total nematode population counted
in 250gm of soil followed no definite rule except being the maximum in number in
July followed by a second peal: in October in three consecutive years. The population
of tylenchids showed differences in fluctuation in three years, even in its maximum
numbers in different months. In 2004, it started growing in June-July and after
declining from August, reached at maximum in November. In 2005, again the
tylenchids started increasing in June being highest in July, followed by a second peak
in November. Further in 2006, same pattern was found with maximum abundance in
August. It is to be noted that the number of tylenchids was always higher in the month
of January. The population of Dorylaimida remained high in June-July in all the three
years (thirty- six months), and then fluctuated in rest of the period, again showing a
second peak in October. The mononchids showed distinct richness in July and in
October, remained relatively less high in August-September and exceptionally in
May, 2004 with lower population in rest of the months. The fluctuation of other
category of nematodes maintained no consistency excepting the maximum number in
July, 2004 and 2006.
5.3.2. Correlation and Regression analyses of Dorylaimida and Tylenchida with

soil edaphic factors in Shalipur (West) and Calcutta University
Experimental Farm (CUEF) guava orchards
In Shalipur (West) guava orchard, the population of different genera of

Dorylaimida and Tylenchida were least affected by soil temperature (correlation
coefficient lies (r) between (+) 0.0694 to (+) 0.2602 for different genera, P > 0.12),
pH (r lies between (+) 0.0005 to (+) 0.1047, P > 0.40) and similarly by potassium
level (r lies between (-) 0.0858 to (-) 0.1623, P > 0.30). The population growth of
Dorylaimids were positively correlated with the moisture content of the soil at a
significant level (r varies between (+) 0.3454 to (+) 0.3759, P < 0.03), whereas, the
tylenchid population showed insignificant relationship (r ranges between (+) 0.2110
to 0.2444, P > 0.15). Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon content of the soil had
remarkable effect on the population growth of all nematode genera, evident from the
correlation coefficients. The population of Dorylaimns, Aporcelaimelhts, Laevides
Table - 22. Month wise mean population (adults & juveniles) of Tylenchida,
Dorylaimida, Mononchida and other nematodes / 250 gm of soil in Shalipur (West)
guava orchard
Other
year Month Tylenchida Dorylaimida Mononchida Nematodes Total
2 May 513 557 53 21.2 1144.2
Jun 649 559.3 22.6 78 1308.9
0 Jul 1699.1 2302.1 104.6 63.3 4169.1
Aug 734.2 732.3 8 72.2 1546.7
0 Sep 309.1 355.2 72.4 32 768.7
Oct 271.3 331.3 86 15.2 703.8
4 Nov 542 480 6.6 29 1057.6
Dec 168.8 180.4 19.4 31.3 398.9
Jan 494.1 491.2 37.3 25 1047.6
2 Feb 200 264.6 42.6 14 521.2
Mar 237.1 220.2 7.3 39 503.6
0 Apr 71.4 85.5 13.3 34.3 204.5
May 418.1 447.5 21.4 31 918
0 Jun 481 487 19.3 42 1029.3
Jul 1495 1900 100 64.2 3559.2
5 Aug 708.5 702.3 25 78.3 1514.1
Sep 308.1 404.2 65.3 28 805.6
Oct 253 354 84 24 715
Nov 514.3 415.3 20 35.2 984.8
Dec 181 240 17.4 11 449.4
Jan 392 464 30 16 902
2 Feb 252 239 44.3 13 548.3
Mar 254.2 231.3 11 17 513.5
0 Apr 112 106 12 12 242
May 96.1 405.6 49.2 8 558.9
0 Jun 369.2 450 31.3 10 860.5
Ju! 220.3 1810 122.1 52.4 2204.8
6 Aug 541.2 932.3 38 83 1594.5
Sep 304.3 515 80 26 925.3
Oct 283 522 82.2 21.2 908.4
Nov 410 434.2 18 39 901.2
Dec 223.2 175 7.6 40 445.8
2 Jan 228 221 10 17 476
0 Feb 197.2 249.2 53.3 12 511.7
0 Mar 211 319 41.2 14.2 585.4
7 Apr 172 297 29 11 509
Table - 23. Month wise mean population (adults & juveniles) of Tylenchida,
Dorylaimida, Mononchida and other nematodes / 250 gm of soil in Calcutta
University Experimental Farm (CUEF) guava orchard
Other Total
year Month Tylenchida Dorylaimida Mononchida Nematodes Nematodes
2 May 36 39 80 5 160
Jun 186 228 30 11 455
0 Jul 176 302 182.2 44 704.2
Auq 53.3 68.3 72 6.7 200.3
0 Sep 26.7 40.2 84 6.1 157
Oct 77.3 117.3 156 2 352.6
4 Nov 201 41.3 17.3 33 292.6
Dec 95 74 16 13.2 198.2
2 Jan 163.4 61.3 6 39 269.7
Feb 42.4 66.2 20.6 5.4 134.6
Mar 57.7 30 2 11.3 101
0 Apr 32.4 32.2 42 6.3 112.9
May 33 32 29.3 4 98.3
Jun 202.2 220 21 19 462.2
0 Jul 217 298.2 199 24 738.2
Aug 73.4 59.1 40.3 10.2 183
Sep 30.2 41 90 8.8 170
5 Oct 64 101.2 122 16 303.2
Nov 122 54 26.2 40 242.2
Dec 65.3 71.3 23.2 6.2 166
Jan 105 91 14 14 224
&
Feb 52.5 69.2 24.1 8.2 154
Mar 54 43 19 15 131
o Apr 32.2 48.3 37.2 9.3 127
May 24.1 50.2 58 8 140.3
Jun 135.2 195 53 17.2 400.4
0 Jul 151.3 264.2 172.4 49 636.9
Aug 155 92 85 45 377
Sep 44.1 72 80 9 205.1
6 Oct 47 171.3 128.2 8.2 354.7
Nov 145.2 82 30 24 281.2
Dec 114 64.2 12 15 205.2
2 Jan 147.5 55.3 3.2 26.2 232.2
0 Feb 52 69 15 20 156
0 Mar 56.2 28.1 8 11.2 103.5
7 Apr 42 35.3 41.4 5.2 123.9
Figure 48. Graphical presentation of total number (adults & juveniles) of nematodes
(Dorylaimida, Tylenchida, Mononchida and other nematodes) and their monthly population
fluctuations at Shalipur (West) guava orchard [Data shown in Table 22]
4500
Figure 49. Graphical presentation of total number (adults & juveniles) of nematodes
(Dorylaimida, Tylenchida, Mononchida and other nematodes) and their monthly population
fluctuations at Calcutta University Experimental Farm (CUEF) guava orchard [Data shown in
Table 23]
Mean population of nematodes / 250 gm of soil
^ ^ Op' •/' Gp -f ' ^ V1' of'
Months
and Indodorylaimus belonging to the order Dorylaimida and Helicotylenchus and
Hoplolaimus of the order Tylenchida were positively correlated with nitrogen (r lies
between (+) 0.4266 to (+) 0.5555, P < 0.05), with organic carbon (r lies between (+)
0.6123 to (+) 0.6957, P < 0.0001) and with phosphorus (r lies between (+) 0.3263 to
(+) 0.4618, P < 0.05) having marked significance. On the contrary, electrical
conductivity of soil greatly affected the population of all the genera having negative
impact on their population growth (r varies between (-) 0.353 to (-) 0.4519, P < 0.03).
To be more precise, amongst these correlations in Shalipur (W) orchard, temperature,
pH and potassium had no effects on the population of nematode genera. Soil moisture
had maximum effects on the population growth of Indodorylaimus (r = (+) 0.3759, P
< 0.03), that of nitrogen on Hoplolaimus (r = (+) 0.5555, P = 0.0004), phosphorus
and organic carbon on the population of Indodorylaimus (r = (+) 0.4618, P < 0.005 &
r = (+) 0.6957, P < 0.001 respectively), and soil electrical conductivity showed the
maximum effects on the population growth of Aporcelaimellus (r = (-) 0.4519, P <
0.005) either positively or negatively. The data regarding the mean population of
tylenchid and dorylaimid genera and the estimated monthly mean value of soil
edaphic factors in Shalipur (West) guava orchard are shown in table 24 and 25
respectively. The correlation coefficients and the regression analyses are shown in
table 28 and in figures 50 - 55 respectively.
In CUEF guava orchard, some similar correlations between nematode genera
and soil physical factors were observed with some minor as well as major differences
as were observed in Shalipur (West). In this orchard dorylaimid and tylenchid
nematodes were negligibly affected by soil temperature (r lies between (-) 0.1583 to
(+) 0.2492 for different genera, P > 0.10) except the genus Hemicriconemoides which
showed significant negative correlation (r = (-) 0.4092, P < 0.02), phosphorus (r lies
between (-) 0.1486 to (-) 0.2346 P > 0.10), soil electrical conductivity (r lies between
(-) 0.0366 to (-) 0.311, P > 0.06) and by potassium (r lies between (-) 0.2372 to (+)
0.2217, P > 0.15) having almost no relation. But significant positive correlation were
found between soil moisture and the population of dorylaimoid genera (r varies
between (+) 0.4023 to (+) 0.5689, P < 0.02), whereas, negligible relation was
recorded with the population of tylenchid genera (P > 0.15). Soil pH, nitrogen and
organic carbon remarkably affected the population growth of most of the nematodes
either positively or negatively except the population of Hemicriconemoides. The
population growth of Dorylaimus, Aporcelaimellus, Discolaimus and Indodorylaimus
were negatively affected by soil pH (r varies between (-) 0.422 to (-) 0.521 P < 0.01)
with marked significance, but insignificant effect was observed on the population of
Helicotylenchus and Hemicriconemoides (P > 0.06). Some of the above genera
showed significant positive correlation with nitrogen (r varies between (+) 0.3276 to
(+) 0.3771, P < 0.04) except Dorylaimus, Discolaimus and Hemicriconemoides.
Organic carbon had positive effect on the population growth of nematode genera (r
varies between (+) 0.4087 to (-) 0.4762, P < 0.02) except on Hemicriconemoides.
Precisely, in CUEF guava orchard, temperature (except Hemicriconemoides)
phosphorus, potassium and electrical conductivity of soil had negligible effect on the
population growth of dorylaimids and tylenchids. Moisture, nitrogen and organic
carbon showed significant positive correlations with some of the genera with
maximum positive effect on the population of Dorylaimus, (r = (+) 0.5689, P <
0.0002), Helicotylenchus (r = (+) 0.3771, P < 0.03) and on Aporcelaimellus (r = (+)
0.4762, P < 0.002) respectively. Soil pH had significant negative correlation with
maximum effect on the population of Dorylaimus (r = (-) 0.521, P < 0.001). The data
regarding the mean population of tylenchid and dorylaimid genera and the estimated
monthly mean value of soil edaphic factors in CUEF guava orchard are shown in table
26 and 27 respectively. The correlation coefficients and the regression analyses are
shown in table 29 and in figures 56-61 respectively.
Comparison between the correlations of nematode population and soil abiotic

factors in two guava orchards
In both the orchards, temperature and potassium had the negligible effect on
dorylaimids and tylenchids. Moisture and organic carbon showed significant positive
correlations in most of the cases with some exceptions for the tylenchids.
Contradictory and inconsistent results in two orchards have been noticed on the effect
of soil pH, phosphorus and electrical conductivity. Population of all dorylaimids and
tylenchids were positively correlated with soil nitrogen having significance in
Shalipur (West) which was found to be similar for some of the genera in CUEF
orchard also (Table 28 and 29).
Table - 24. Mean population size (adults & juveniles) of each of the tylenchid and
dorylaimid genera / 250gm of soil at Shalipur (West) guava orchard (Tylenchid
genera: Hop - Hoplolaimus, Heli - Helicotylenchus; Dorylaimid genera: Dory -
Dorylaimus, Apor - Aporcelaimellus, Laev - Laevides, Indo - Indodorylaimus)
Tylenchid genera Dorylaimid genera

Year Month Hop Heii Dory Apor Laev lndo
2 May 182 331 127 178 88 164
Jun 207 442 103 166.1 85.2 205
0 Jul 620.1 1079 679 704 306 613.1
Aug 264 470.2 174 222 112.1 224.2
0 Sep 108 201.1 88 113 53.2 101
Oct 97.2 174.1 92.2 99 46.1 94
4 Nov 218 324 112 182.2 79 107
Dec 62.5 106.3 41.2 53.2 27 60
9 Jan 195.1 299 105 150.2 76 160
fm
Feb 70 130 64.2 89.3 43.2 69

Mar 86.1 151 54 71 35.2 60
o Apr 25.2 46.2 21.2 28 16 20
May 150.1 268 107 134 69.2 137.3
Jun 173 308 116 147 74 150
0 Jul 508 987 505 563 290 542
Aug 256.3 452.2 166.3 212 107 217
Sep 108 200.1 112 128 55.2 109
5 Oct 95 158 93 102.1 54 105
Nov 198.1 316.2 95.2 139 68 113
Dec 71 110 49 61 36 94
2 Jan 172 220 88 128 69 179
Feb 90 162 52 70 36 81
Mar 89.2 165 45 63 28.3 85
0 Apr 40 72 26 22 19 39
May 52 44.1 118.2 135 78.2 74.2
Jun 148 221.2 113 87 49 201
0 Jul 127.3 93 561 538 291 420
Aug 239 302.2 260 241.2 121.1 310
Sep 120.3 184 102 96 69 248
6 Oct 150 133 132 207 111 72
Nov 184 226 96.2 100 59 179
Dec 94 129.2 33 38 26 78
2 Jan 130 98 45 50 19 107
0 Feb 106.2 91 96 52.1 37.1 64
0 Mar 126 85 95 84 68 72
7 Apr 93 79 103 104 61 38
Table - 25. Estimated mean value of soil edaphic factors in Shalipur (West) guava
orchard. [Soil edaphic factors: Temp. - Temperature(°C), Moist. - Moisture (%), N -
Nitrogen (ppm), P - Phosphorus (ppm), K - Potassium (ppm), OC - Organic Carbon
(%), E. C. - Electrical conductivity (m. mhos)]
Soil edaph c factors

Year Month Temp. Moist. pH N P K OC E. C.
2 May 35 13.4 5.5 134.6 8.1 165.4 0.48 0.85
Jun 31 29.4 5.2 149.2 10.2 189.3 0.65 0.7
0 Jui 30.1 21.2 5.4 175.4 9.5 208.6 0.78 0.31
Auq 30.1 20.4 5.4 160.6 10.6 194.2 0.67 0.36
0 Sep 31 28 5.3 159.1 10.4 115.5 0.61 0.3
Oct 30 28.4 5.4 176.5 10.9 164.8 0.65 0.25
4 Nov 24 9.6 5.2 162.2 7.5 182 0.66 0.29
Dec 22.5 12 5.3 125.6 7.9 285.1 0.62 0.61
Jan 19.5 15 5.3 90.4 8 289.4 0.63 0.58
2
Feb 24 14 5.3 83.6 7.9 281.3 0.6 0.62
Mar 29 12 5.1 80.4 7.7 262.5 0.59 0.76
Apr 34 13 5.3 75.36 7.9 279 0.41 0.79
0
May 36 12 5.6 125.2 7.9 117 0.45 0.78
Jun 32 25 5.5 148.4 9.5 148.4 0.62 0.69
0 Jui 31 20 5.6 188.5 10.2 170.5 0.76 0.32
Auq 30 22 5.5 170.6 10.5 172.5 0.7 0.38
Sep 30.5 26 5.4 146.4 10.1 180.4 0.65 0.31
5 Oct 30 29 5.2 190.5 11.2 186.3 0.64 0.24
Nov 24 9.8 5.8 164.5 9.5 159 0.65 0.31
Dec 22 9 5.8 124.5 8.4 170.6 0.61 0.44
Jan 19 11 5.8 114.2 8.1 147.5 0.62 0.67
2 Feb 24 12 5.7 82.2 8.1 195.6 0.56 0.69
Mar 30 12 5.6 75.6 7.6 200.4 0.57 0.68
Apr 33 12.5 5.4 60.5 7.6 205 0.49 0.75
0
May 34 13.5 5.5 110.4 8 148.2 0.47 0.77
Jun 33 22 5.4 115.2 9.8 174 0.64 0.68
Jui 31.8 26 5.4 132.4 10.7 201 0.7 0.31
0
Auq 29.5 24 5.5 133.1 10.6 198.2 0.68 0.28
Sep 30 28 5.5 135.6 10.2 171.8 0.66 0.28
6 Oct 31 27 5.3 146.2 10.8 190.2 0.66 0.35
Nov 24.5 10 5.4 141.3 7.9 185.4 0.63 0.47
Dec 20 8.5 5.6 138 8 200.1 0.58 0.65
2 Jan 18 10 5.5 137.4 7.4 195.8 0.59 0.67
0 Feb 22 10 5.5 130.2 7.5 216.6 0.54 0.66
0 Mar 29 13 5.4 138.5 7.9 212.2 0.55 0.63
7 Apr 32 12 5.4 112.8 7.7 214.5 0.52 0.77
Table -26. Mean population size (adults & juveniles) of each of the tylenehid and
dorylaimid genera / 250gm of soil at CUEF guava orchard (Tylenehid genera: Hop -
Hoplolaimus, Hemi - Helicotylenchus; Dorylaimid genera: Dory - Dorylaimus, Apor
- Aporcelaimellus, Disc - Discolaimus, Indo - Jndodorylaimus)
Tylenehid genera Dorylaimid genera

Year Month Heli Hemi Dory Apor Disc Indo
2 May 26 10 14 10 6 9
Jun 147 39 56.3 69.2 32.3 70.2
0 Jul 141 35 72 96 45 89
Aug 44 9.3 21.2 19.1 13 15
0 Sep 19.3 7.4 10 11 12.1 7.1
Oct 54.3 23 39.3 48.5 15.3 14.2
4 Nov 99 102 9.3 8 4 20
Dec 71 24 20 23 12 19
Jan 102.2 61.2 12 15.2 13 21.1
Feb 32 10.4 16 20 17 13.2
2 Mar 44.2 13.5 6 8 4 12
Apr 22 10.4 11 9 4.2 8
May 27 6 9 10 7 6
0 Jun 167.2 35 53.3 72.2 41.3 53.2
Jul 173 44 80 89.2 53 76
Aug 60,3 13.1 14 12 8 25.1
0 Sep 20 10.2 10 13 6 12
Oct 49 15 31.2 35 25 10
Nov 62 60 13 14.2 12.3 14.5
5
Dec 51.2 14.1 16 18 15.3 22
Jan 89 16 19 26 16 30
Feb 41.3 11.2 20.2 21.4 13.4 14.2
2 Mar 38 16 14 12 9 8
Apr 20.2 12 19 15 10 4.3
May 14 10.1 18.2 14 10 8
0 Jun 112.2 23 56 59.2 24.8 55
Jul 110 41.3 75 67 52 70.2
Aug 112 43 23 23.2 15.5 30.3
0 Sep 32.1 12 25 26 9 12
Oct 29 18 59.4 50.3 38.4 23.2
Nov 83.2 62 21 20 11 30
6
Dec 84 30 14.2 15 7 28
2 Jan 104.4 43.1 9 12.1 5.2 29
0 Feb 31 21 21.4 22.4 16 9.2
0 Mar 34.2 22 8 6.4 4 10
<C
7 23 19 12 11
i
7 5.3
_
l
Table — 27. Estimated mean value of soil edaphic factors in CUEF guava orchard.
[Soil edaphic factors: Temp. — Temperature(°C), Moist. - Moisture (%), N - Nitrogen
(ppm), P - Phosphorus (ppm), K - Potassium (ppm), OC - Organic Carbon (%), E. C.
- Electrical conductivity (m. mhos)]
Soil edaphic factors

Year Month Temp. Moist. pH N P K OC E.C.
2 May 36 15 6.2 137.9 8.7 159.5 0.49 0.89
Jun 32 23 5.9 151.1 9.1 185.4 0.58 0.6
0 Jul 31 30 5.7 190.3 8.2 129.5 0.7 0.27
Aug 30.3 27 5.7 160.5 8.6 186 0.68 0.31
0 Sep 33 23.4 5.8 158.6 8.2 211.6 0.65 0.21
Oct 31 29.2 5.9 173.9 8.4 146.2 0.67 0.17
4 Nov 25 12.8 6.1 162.2 8.2 253.9 0.58 0.25
Dec 24 9 6.4 128.3 7.7 286.9 0.53 0.2
2 Jan 20.5 10 6.4 93.14 14.4 309.5 0.5 0.12
Feb 29 8 6.7 81.41 13.9 300.5 0.35 0.26
Mar 34 9.1 6.7 80.56 14 308.7 0.32 0.68
o Apr 36 14 6.2 77.11 11.2 251.9 0.31 0.86
May 37 11.2 6.1 120.2 9.4 118.5 0.32 0.81
Jun 36 15 5.8 146.5 10.6 152.5 0.54 0.61
0 Jul 34 27 5.6 181.2 8.25 121.6 0.62 0.25
Aug 32 26 5.6 172.8 9 100.6 0.62 0.25
Sep 31 27.5 5.7 130.7 10.4 68.25 0.64 0.23
5 Oct 30 30 5.6 185.6 7.45 142.8 0.67 0.18
Nov 25 12 6 163.4 8.3 150.6 0.6 0.24
Dec 23 9.1 6.3 145.7 9.5 175.5 0.55 0.16
2 Jan 21 10 6.3 120.2 10.6 145.4 0.51 0.17
tm
Feb 28 8 6.6 82.3 15.8 115.2 0.37 0.24
Mar 33 9.4 6.5 76.45 14.5 114.5 0.31 0.67
o Apr 35.8 14 6.2 66.04 15 115.6 0.29 0.82
May 36.8 14 5.9 67.2 12.4 115 0.35 0.81
Jun 37 24 5.7 79.41 11 124.5 0.64 0.75
0 Jul 33 26 5.6 81.52 10.6 135.2 0.61 0.3
Aug 34 28 5.6 129.1 8.54 135.5 0.6 0.27
Sep 32 27.5 5.5 132 9 135 0.62 0.24
6 Oct 31 30.2 5.6 154.2 8.9 140.4 0.61 0.19
Nov 27 29.4 5.8 156.4 8.9 164.1 0.59 0.19
Dec 24 9.5 6 151.8 8.1 145.2 0.52 0.21
2 Jan 20 10.5 5.9 132.3 8.22 131.5 0.48 0.2
0 Feb 26 9 6.2 104.5 9 134 0.48 0.22
0 Mar 33.5 10 6.2 84.1 9.4 123.6 0.5 0.24
7 Apr 35 13 6.1 79.21 9.5 121.8 0.48 0.31
Table — 28. Correlation coefficients (r) between nematode genera and different soil
edaphic factors in Shalipur guava orchard (* Significant correlations shown in bold
faces, P < 0.05)
Temp. Moisture pH N P K Organic E.C.

Genera (°C) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Carbon(%) (m.mhos)
(■)
Dorylaimus 0.2431 0.3454* 0.0117 0.4266* 0.4218* (-) 0.0858 0.6123* 0.4402*
(•)
Aporcelaimellus 0.2399 0.3515* 0.0005 0.4673* 0.437* (-) 0.1128 0.6402* 0.4519*
H
Laevides 0.2602 0.3617* 0.0188 0.4552* 0.4525* (-) 0.1235 0.6209* 0.4436*
B
Indodorylaimus 0.1695 0.3759* 0.1047 0.4609* 0.4618* (-10.1623 0.6957* 0.4488*
B
Helicotylenchus 0.1404 0.2444 0.062 0.5276* 0.3421* (-10.1603 0.6252* 0.3530*
B
Hoplolaimus 0.0694 0.2110 0.0791 0.5555* 0.3263* (-10.1549 0.6671* 0.3971*
Table-29. Correlation coefficients (r) between nematode genera and different soil
abiotic factors in Calcutta University Experimental Farm (CUEF) guava orchard (*
Significant correlations shown in bold faces, P < 0.05)
Temp. Moisture pH N P K Organic E. C.

Genera (°C) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) C(%) (m.mhos)
B B B B
Dorylaimus 0.2492 0.5689* 0.521* 0.2894 0.1886 0.2372 0.4661* 0.0366
B B B B
Aporcelaimellus 0.1933 0.5215* 0.468* 0.3580* 0.2032 0.1955 0.4762* 0.0599
B B B B
Discolaimus 0.1592 0.4705* 0.444* 0.2946 0.1486 0.1638 0.4238* 0.1211
B B B B
Indodorylaimus 0.0319 0.4023* 0.422* 0.3276* 0.2187 0.1283 0.4547* 0.0865
B B B B
Helicotylenchus 0.1583 0.2274 0.313 0.3771* 0.2324 0.0209 0.4087* 0.1591
B B B B
Hemicriconemoides 0.4092* 0.0387 0.1294 0.2921 0.2346 0.2217 0.2949 0.3110
Figure 50. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Dorylaimus) in relation with
soil abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in Shalipur (West) guava orchard
(Data shown in table 24 and 25)
CD
oo
Q o
Population of Dorylaimus
y = 7.1726X - 67.257 y = 7.0089X + 14.424

o o--J
3 800 r = 0.3454
CD CD
ocn o>
r = 0.2431
.* 1 700 - P = 0.03
P = 0.15 ^ 600 -
o__ •
CO CM
CD
CD CD CD
O
«=>
• *' •• ..
O
3 10 20 30 40
Temperature (°C) Moisture (%)
« 800 - y = 1.8587X -109.2

y = 10.05x + 80.555 1 700 - • r = 0.4266
ooooooooo
r = 0.0117 ’■2 600 P = 0.009

P > 0.94 ° 500 - •
4^
Population of
o oo oo oo aa
CO fO
CO
oro
o
oo
a.
aE
y = - 0.2943x +192.31
-o oM W ^ . C n Q M C D
3 800 i
o o ‘ o oo oo oo oo oo oo
y=47.599X - 290.21 • .§ • r=-0.0858

r = 0.4218 . 11,600-
• I' • P > 0.10
P = 0.01 Q
•s 400
« 200
Q.
O
Q_
5 10 15 100 200 300 400

P(ppm) K(ppm)
800
y = 1094x-529.96
600 r = 0.6123 •
400 P < 0.001
200
0
</
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
-200
Organic Carbon (%)
Electrical Conductivity (m.mhos)
Figure 51. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Aporcelaimellus) in relation with
Population of Aporcelaimellus
o oO- v |oO\ J oOW oO^ O oOl OoO ) NoO l OoO )
§ ]y=7.315x +28.249
y = 7.2595X - 50.608 ‘ | 800 ' jr= 0.3515
r =0.2399 1 700 1 * | P < 0 .05
* •§ 600 ^ I
P >0.15
| 500 -
W W A
O O O O
o o o o
o
o
Temperature (°C) Population of Aporcelaimellus Moisture (%)
y = 0.4802X + 151.76
o -o^ Wo Wo A oO oi O oT Mo O oO
r = 0.0005 y = 2.0885x -120.321 •

oo
P > 0.99 r= 0.4673

oo
P = 0.004
oo
oo
50 100 150 200 250

05
05
4*.
Ol
to
0
in
CO
4
XQ.
N(ppm)
to U A Cl O) Nj 09
s
Population ofAporcelaimellus
si Rnn _
y=50.578x- 297.74 M • y = - 0.3966X + 231.25
r = 0.4370 •. f 300 r = -0.1128
(J • •
P < 0.008 P = 0.51
Jj- 400
5 10
P (ppm)
CO
oo
Population ofAporcelaimellus
CD
oo
4*
ro
oo
oo
oo K>
o
Electrical conductivity (mmhos)

Figure 52. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Laevides) in relation with soil
abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in Shalipur (West) guava orchard (Data
shown in table 24 and 25)
jy = 3.6082X + 17.291
ir = 0.3617
jP = 0.03
CO
tn
o
P opulation o f Laevides
CO
Population of Laevides
|
I
CO
h
h-
CO
■si
CO
CO CM
oo too oo too oo
CNI
CO
CM
o
CM
CM T - t-
0 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
y = 7.9251x + 36.355
r = 0.0188 y = 0.9752X - 48.765
Population of Laevides
W W
oi
P > 0.90 Vi r = 0.4552

o ooi oo ooi oo ooi oo o
•§ 350 1 P < 0.005

? 300 1 •
NJ IvJ
N3
Population of La
o ao i oo oo i oo o oi
ro
-k-A
f.
,
tn
CO
Oi
bi
oco
oo Z
CM
oo
o
"O
wa.
a.
E
X
P opulation o f Laevides
tn
tn o -tn4 No ) Ntn) Qo W
oooooooo
oo
oo
CM
o
CO
O
o
P(ppm) K ppm
CD
CD
P o p u la tio n o f Laevides
y = 545.35X - 252.1
CD
CD
CO
r = 0.6209
P < .001
ro CD
CD
"
‘ " CD
0.5 1
Electrical conductivity (mmohs)
Organic Carbon
Figure 53. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Indodorylaimus) in relation with
soil abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in Shalipur (West) guava orchard.
Population of Indodorylaimus
cn O) -4
O Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo O o
CD
+
oO Oco
o Oino Oo Ocoo O o O o- O
Indodorylaimus
Population of
js*
CO ho
- 1
-*•
cm
1
t
r Q
10 20 30 40
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (%)
— tn o> 4
-i ro w ^ oi © s
O Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo
O O O Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo
Indodorylaimus
Population of
y = 1.8301X - 85.379
Indodorylaimus
Population of
r = 0.4609
-is*,
P < 0.005
co
o too
-*
>
100 200 300

CXI
^
N
XCL
N (ppm)
*»j
Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo oO
aO OIV) OU O OO l Qfl) ON l
ci>
y = 47.489X - 269.17 y = - 0.507X + 253.61

O O O O O O O O
Indodorylaimus
Indodorylaimus
Population of
Population of
r= 0.4618 r = -0.1623
tn
P < 0 .005
P > 0.30
w w
O
100 200 300 400

5 10
P (ppm) K (ppm)
N
Population of indodorylaimus
O Oo Oo Oo O Oo Oo Oo
y = -297.09X + 313.77
Population of Indodoryiaimus
O)
S
o oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
r = - 0.4488
CD
cn
P = 0.006
Ol
o^
A
to w
W -V IV)
IS O -!*
o
to
oo oo
Electrical conductivity (m.mhos)

Organic Carbon (%)
Figure 54. Linear regression of t/lenchid population (genus Helicotylenchus) in relation with
oo Ooo oroo (Data shown in table 24 and 25)
y = 7.6489X + 114.18
ooo rooo
y = 6.3867X + 65.722 “•
Helicotylenchus
,'r = 0.2444
Population of
Helicotylenchus
Population of
oo ooO ) CO
r= 0.1404 P = 0 .15
oo CO
CO
P > 0 .40
oo oN"
4*
i.
o oo
ooN3
CM
10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
Temperature (3C) Moisture (%)
y = 81.889X -199.78
CM
O
o
oo Ooo oo oo oN*
CM
r = 0.062
Helicotylenchus
y = 3.5454x- 220.27
OO CO
o Q
Population of
P > 0.70
#e//cofy/enc/?t*s
r = 0.5276
Population of
o O
CO
P = 0 .0009
CO
o Q
CD
^
o Oo
o oo o
CN
CM
o
k>
bo
cn
id
txi
co
cn
3 50 100 150 200 250

XCL
N (ppm)
CN
oo
N)
O O
O
Helicotylenchus
Oo
o oo oo oo oo o
Helicotylenchus
Population of
O O O
G ) CO O
Population of
CO
CD CD CD
CD N? CN
O O
^ N)
O O
K>
O
O
O
O
CO
O
O
K(ppm)
P (ppm)
y = -395.53x +457.01
oo oo Ooo ooW
r = - 0.353
Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchus
Population of
P < 0.03
Population of
OO
oo 4oos. CD
NJ
o
m
Organic Carbon (%) Eectrical conductivity (m.mhos)

Taxonomic and Ecological Studies 2o l
Figure 55. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Hoplolaimus) in relation with soil
abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in Shalipur (West) guava orchard(Data
y = 3.4639X + 97,38
M oo oo
O ) -M
o oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
cn
CO
CO
CO
^ <S
o
II
• r = 0.211
CD
X
Population of
Hoplolaimus
Population of
Hoplolaimus
°P
CD CO
o) in
. P > 0.20
I!
O
Ul
CTI
o
CL
oA
GO
.s
-*• fO
oo o
\ ••
10 20 30 40
o
co
o
3 o
5 o
o
—4
D
“1
"O
>
o*
Moisture (%)
(D
<
o
No
o oo oo
OO
s o° o
V
GO __
co
in
No
o oo oo oo oo oo oo o
x
II
CO
^
Population of
CD
II
Hoplolaimus to
Population of
Hoplolaimus tO
Du
O
sT
A
• 't
oo oo ooT -
CO
CO
CM
CM
CS1
oO
cn
tn
oo
X
CL
Q.
E
O
O 3
o o o o o
Population of Hoplolaimus
h-
Oo OQ
O 2
CD
y = -0.4294X + 240.34
fe 2
Population of
Hoplolaim us
r= -0.1549
yO
Q
P > 0 .30
tO W -ty
II
_
OO
K
o
O
O
100 200 300 400

Q.
CL
E
K(ppm)
M
08888888
C/i O)
W W
Organic Carbon <%) Electrical conductivity (m.mhos)

U_
in
to Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Dorylaimus) in relation with soil
o>
3£
abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF guava orchard (Data shown in
table 26 and 27)
= 1.4156X + 0.5799
=3 100
,g ’ 0.5689
Oo
jy = 1.0393x- 5.8896 ■S 80 = 0.0002

b
CO
o o o
! r = 0.2492 o
IP > 0.10
Cl 60
CO
40
■'3-
o>
20
o N
Vf*
0
10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
y = 0.1571X + 5.9713
Oo CO
y = -31.974X + 217.71
o Oo
r= 0.2894
r = - 0.521
o CO
o No) iok Oo) CO

P > 0.80
P < 0.001
o M-
o CoM o
C
o
N
a.
Q.
E
y = -1.6965x +42.881
r = -0.1886 y = -0.0799X + 38.78
Oo
P > 0.25 r= -0.2372

CO
o CD
P > 0.15
o O
OO
O
CM
Q.
E
Cl
Cl
oo
y = -3.0982x + 26.929
Oo
r =-0.0366
oo
o
o CD
CO
P > 0.80
CO
o
o o
M-
CM
oO
CNJ
o
Kb
o
O
cn
d
CM
d
co
o
CO
Organic Carbon (%) Electrical conductivity (m.mhos)

Figure 57. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Aporcelaimellus) in relation with
soil abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF guava orchard (Data
oo oro
Aporcelaimellus
Aporcelaimellus
Population of
Population of
o o Mo* o o
CO
CO
CM
10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
Temperature ,0C) Moisture (%)
y = 0.226x - 0.6699
CD
NJ
r = 0.3580
Aporcelaimellus
y = -33.408X +
Aporcelaimellus^
228.36
ô o o Oo
OO
Population of
P< 0.04
Population of
r =-0.4678
CO
03
O
P = 0.004
(3 )
CD
Ô |\J
O
O
o Mo
CD
ert
Oi
o
CM
O
CD
o
z
fj.
y=-2.1253x+49.249
y=-0.0766x+40.285
r =-0.2032
Aporcelaimellus
r=-0.1955
Population of
P > 0.20
Aporcelaimellus
Population of
P > 0.20
o Oo
CM
y = -5.8933x+30.013
M
o
Aporcelaimellus
r =-0.0599
Population of
o Mo 4o fof i 0o0 Oo
Aporcelaimellus
P > 0.70
Population of
O CD
CO
O Xf*
O CM
O O
""I •
,s.*.
•. t.
j oo
0 0.2 0.4 0.6

p
) 0.5 1
Figure 58. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Discolaimus) in relation with soil
abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF guava orchard (Data shown in
table 26 and 27)
60 - y = 0.434x + 3.2784
o o
to
Population of Discolaimus
CD
o
50 : 1 r = 0.1592
__
to
O O
P > 0.30
CO
o
CM
O
0-------------- ,---------------------------,------------- ,
CO
o
CM
o
o
0 10 20 30 40
Temperature (°C) Moisture (%
60
Population oi Discolaimus
y = -17.838X + 123.58
50
r = - 0.4444
40
P = 0.006
30
20
to
0
4
PH N (ppm)
t/J
60 y = -0.8736x+25.311 2 60 i y=-0.0361x+22.373
Population of Discoiaimus
lain
__
r=-0.1466 •* r =-0.1638
Ol
50
_j
O
P > 0.35 1 40 - •
* L • P > 0.30
40
5 •
30 -
20
20
10
10
0
0
100 200 300 400
10 15 20
P (ppm) K (ppm)
Population of Discolaim us
y=-6.7003x+18.993
tOo lO
y = 47.09X - 8.1933
r = -0.1211
O O
r= 0.4238 P > 0.45

^ nO
P = 0.01
CN
CD
,
rO -
*• •v *-
CD
oho
O
CM
o
CO
o
GO
o

Figure 59. Linear regression of dorylaimid population (genus Indodorylaimus) in relation with
!y = 1 0585x+ 5.6951
r = 0.4023
i
;
§§§
cm
CO
CM
o
ll
P p
P < 0.02
«
“U
v O
V
<
7
10 20 30 40
O
o o o
y = 0.188x+ 0.8319
y=-27.371x+188.84 r = 0.3276
CO
r =-0.4215 P 2: 0.05
CD
P = 0.01
o
o
CM
o
ooNi
oo
at
at
o
o
Q.
Q.
E
a.
Population ox Indodorylaimus
O
o
y=-2,0796x+*5.502 y=- 0.0457X+31.976

Population o\ Indodorylaimus
r = -0.2187
OO
o o
r = -0.1283
. P = 0.20 *• •P>0.40
CO
• I
CM
o o
o
—j-------------------------- 5---------------------------- ,--------------------------- 1

1------------------------1——— J-------------------------- 1
100 200 300 400
5 10 15 20
P (ppm) K(ppm)
y=-7.7421x+27.414
O
r = -0.0865
oo oo
y=81.739x-18.332 P > 0.60

CO
r = 0.4547
o co
P< 0.006
CD
cm
o o o o
v:
bi
CM
CO
o
Organic Carbon (%) Electrical conductivity (mmhos)

Figure 60. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Helicotylenchus in relation with
200 y= 1.2123x+44.235
Population of Helicotylenchus
1
jy=-1.4138x +108.89 r= 0.2274
150 - r = -0.1583 P > 0.15
ho
oo
P>0. 30
Ol
%
o
100 -
•
50 - •
0 i™-
0 10 20 30 40
10 20 30 40
Temprature (°C) Moisture (%)
200
y = -41.233x+313.33
150 r = - 0.3134
P>0.06
100
50
0- .. . -p—-—---------j-----
0 2 4 6 8
pH N (ppm)
y= -4.4787X+ 110.97
CM
oo
y=0.0151x+63.35
r = - 0.2324
r= 0.0209
P>0,15
CM
oO
Ol
P > 0.90
o
O
w
oo
4
■v.*
i
•
f
wm
ooNJ
CO
oo
o“
■
CM
o
*
CL
Q.
E
Q.
a.
E
Population oUielicotylenchus
l»
<
*O
CM
o
<o
bo
O
o
Organic Carbon {%) Electrical conductivity (m.mhos)

Figure 61. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Hemicriconemoides) in relation

with soil abiotic factors (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF guava orchard (Data
120
Population of Hemicriconemoides
y= -1.0875X+61.922
r = - 0.4092 jy = - 0 . 05x + 29.676
100 -
' |r = -0.0387
P < 0.02
80 - IP >0.80
i _______
60 -
40 - * . •**
• *
20 -
0-
0 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
Temperature <°C) Moisture (%)
■2
120
1 100 y=0.0673x+20.302
y= - 3.2468x+48.276 <ai r= 0.2921
100 - c
r = -0.1294 o
•2 80- P > 0.08
80 P > 0.40
Population of He
50 100 150 200

N (PPm)
y= -1.50G2x+43311 y=0.1359x+6.6828
r= -0.2346 r= 0.2217
P>0.15 P>0.18
•• •
—[- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
100 200 300 400

K{ppm)
Ol
E
CL
Population o\H e m icrico n e m o id e s
Organic Carbon (%) Electrical conductivity (mmhos)

5.3.3. Population fluctuation of phytophagous nematodes (Tylenchida) in

relation to predatory nematodes (Mononchida) and omnivorous and
predatory Dorylaimida in Shalipur (West) and CUEF guava orchard
The first comprehensive study of nematode feeding habit was done by

Neilsen (1949). Wasilewska (1971) and Yeates (1971) grouped the plant and soil
nematodes by their feeding types as well as feeding habits. Yeates et al. (1993a)
divided the nematodes in eight feeding types in plant and soil systems. In the present
study the available nematode genera have been placed under the different feeding
groups on the basis of the above mentioned observations and reviews of the earlier
authors. In Shalipur (W) orchard, three mononchid genera (Mylonchulus, Iotonchus
and Parahadronchus) are strictly predatory in nature. Among the dorylaimids,
Dorylaimus is with ‘omnivorous’ feeding habit including ‘hyphal feeding’, ‘bacterial
feeding’, ‘substrate ingestion’ and ‘animal predation’ feeding habits, Aporcelaimellus
is with ‘omnivorous’ and predatory feeding habits. Among tylenchids,
Helicotylenchus and Hoplolaimus are semi-endoparasites (Yeates et al., 1993a).
Beside these, one more dorylaimid genus Laevides under subfamily Nygolaiminae
Heyns, 1968 was observed. Information about its feeding is not available. But Yeates
et al. (1993a) placed Nygolaimus sp. of same subfamily in predatory dorylaimid. So
the genus Laevides is also presumed to have the predatory nature and has been
considered under the omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida along with Dorylaimus
and Aporcelaimellus in the present study.
Obviously, in CUEF guava orchard, besides the same three predatory
Mononchida, Dorylaimus, Aporcelaimellus and Discolaimus (predatory in
consideration to Yeates et al., 1993a) have been considered as omnivorous and
predatory Dorylaimida (OPD). The tylenchid genera, Helicotylenchus and
Hemicriconemoides (ectoparasite) were observed to be the phytoparasitic.
In Shalipur (W) orchard, regarding the population fluctuation of phytophagous
nematodes in relation to Mononchida, omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida as well
as with their combined population (i. e., mononchids + omnivorous and predatory
dorylaimids, stated here as OPD + M), it has been observed that population of
tylenchids were increased with the increasing population of omnivorous and
predatory nematodes with some sporadic exceptions (Table 31). Maximum
population abundance of all the nematodes was observed in July, 2004 and 2005. The
minimum combined population of OPD + M was observed in December, 2004
(140.8) and in April, 2005 (78.5) along with the very thin population of phytophagous
nematodes. But an opposite picture was found only in July, 2006, when population of
the omnivorous and predatory nematode reached the highest peak (1512.1), the
population of tylenchids was markedly lowered (220.3). Besides this, in April and
December, 2006 the combined population of OPD + M was minimum (79.0 & 104.6
respectively), but the population of tylenchids remained relatively higher (112 &
223.2 respectively). Further, in May, 2006, the population of tylenchids reached the
minimum level (96.1) when the populations of omnivorous and predatory nematodes
were found to be comparatively higher (380.6). Apart from these, no visible inverse
nature of population fluctuation or population growth of tylenchids and omnivorous
and predatory nematodes were recorded in rest of the period. Details of population
data and their fluctuations in Shalipur (West) guava orchard are shown in table 31 and
in figure 62 respectively.
In CUEF orchard, no consistent pattern of. population fluctuation in terms of
population abundance was followed except the maximum growth of population of
Mononehida, OPD as well as combined population of OPD + M in July and October,
2004, 2005 and 2006 when the population of tylenchids also ascended with the
increasing population of omnivores and predators. The minimum population of
tylenchids was recorded in May and September, 2004 (36.0 & 26.7 respectively),
April, May and September of 2005 and 2006 (32.4, 33.0 & 30.2 and 32.2, 24.1 &
44.1 respectively) and in April, 2007 (42.0) when the combined population of OPD +
M remained comparatively higher than rest of the periods. The opposite nature of
population growth of tylenchids and omnivores and predators has also been noticed in
November, December, 2004, in January, February, March, November and December,
2005, in February, November, 2006 and again January, February, March, 2007. In
rest of the periods the population fluctuation of phytonematodes were in the same
tune (increase or decrease of population numerically) with those of omnivorous and
predatory nematodes. The details of population data and their fluctuations in CUEF
guava orchard are shown in table 32 and in figure 63 respectively.
It is worth mentioning that in Shalipur (W) orchard the percentage of tylenchid
population was 40.27%, omnivorous and predatory dorylaimids (OPD)was 36.88%,
predatory Mononehida was 4.12% of the total nematode population and that of
combined OPD + M was 41,0%. On the contrary, in CUEF orchard, Tylenchida was
35.40%, omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida constituted 26.98%, predatory
Mononchida was 21.81% of the total nematode population and the percentage of
combined OPD + M was recorded as 48.79%. The data of 36 months regarding the
total mean population and percentage of population of all categories of nematodes in
Shalipur (West) and CUEF guava orchard are shown in table 30.
Table 30. Total mean population and percentage of population of Tylenchida,

Omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida (OPD), Mononchida, population of OPD + M
and ‘other nematodes’ in Shalipur (West) and CUEF guava orchard
Nematode orders Shalipur (West) Orchard CUEF orchard

Total population % of population Total population % of population
Tylenchida 14512.8 40.27% 3311.6 35.4%
Dorylaimida 18880 52.39% 3406.7 36.42%
Mononchida 1484.7 4.12% 2039.6 21.81%
OPD 10427.1 36.88% 2523.7 26.98%
OPD + M 11911.8 41% 4563.3 48.79%
Other nematodes 1160 3.22% 595.7 6.37%
5.3.4. Correlation and Regression analyses of different genera of Tylenchida

with Mononchida, omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida (OPD) and
with combined population of OPD + M in Shalipur (West) and CUEF
guava orchard
In Shalipur (W) guava orchard Helicotylenchus population was positively

correlated with the population of predatory Mononchida (M) without significance (r =
(+) 0.3142, P > 0.06). But positive correlation with high significance was recorded
with the population of OPD as well as with the combined population of OPD + M (r =
(+) 0.7577 and (+) 0.7410 respectively (P < 0.001). On the other hand, significant
positive correlation exists between the populations of Hoplolaimus and those of
Mononchida (r = (+) 0.3485, P < 0.04) as well as with OPD and OPD + M (r = (+)
0.8148 & (+) 0.7977 respectively, P < 0.001). The total population of Tylenchida
showed positive correlations with omnivores and predators (r lies between (+) 0.3283
to (+) 0.7828, P < 0.05). The population data of tylenchid genera, omnivorous and
predatory dorylaimid genera, Mononchida and population of OPD + M and the
correlation coefficients in Shalipur (West) guava orchard are shown in table 31 and 33
respectively. The regression analyses are shown in figures 64 - 66.
Table - 31. Mean population size of each of the genus of omnivorous & predatory
Dorylaimida (OPD), Tylenchida and total mean population of OPD, predatory
Mononchida (Pre. Mon) and total mean population of omnivorous & predatory
Dorylaimida and Mononchida (OPD + M) / 250gm of soil at Shalipur (West) guava
orchard. [OPD: Dory - Dorylaimns, Apor - Aporcelaimellus, Laev - Laevides\
Tylenchid genera: Hop - Hoplolaimus, Hell - Helicotylenchus, Tyl: Tylenchida]
OPD Total Tylenchida Total

Total Pre. OPD + Tyl
Year Month Dory Apor Laev O PD Mon M Hop Heli
2 May 127 178 88 393 53 446 182 331 513
Jun 103 166.1 35.2 354.3 22.6 376.9 207 442 649
0 Jut 679 704 306 1689 104.6 1793.6 620.1 1079 1699.1
Auq 174 222 112.1 508.1 8 516.1 264 470.2 734.2
0 Sep 88 113 53.2 254.2 72.4 326.6 108 201.1 309.1
Oct 92.2 99 46.1 237.3 86 323.3 97.2 174.1 271.3
4 Nov 112 182.2 79 373.2 6.6 379.8 218 324 542
Dec 41.2 53.2 27 121.4 19.4 140.8 62.5 106.3 168.8
2 Jan 105 150.2 76 331.2 37.3 368.5 195.1 299 494.1
Feb 64.2 89.3 43.2 196.7 42.6 239.3 70 130 200
Mar 54 71 35.2 160.2 7.3 167.5 86.1 151 237.1
0 Apr 21.2 28 16 65.2 13.3 78.5 25.2 46.2 71.4
May 107 134 39.2 310.2 21.4 331.6 150.1 268 418.1
Jun 116 147 74 337 19.3 356.3 173 308 481
0 Jul 505 563 290 1358 100 1458 508 987 1495
Auq 166.3 212 107 485.3 25 510.3 256.3 452.2 708.5
Sep 112 128 55.2 295.2 65.3 360.5 108 200.1 308.1
5 Oct 93 102.1 54 249.1 84 333.1 95 158 253
Nov 95.2 139 68 302.2 20 322.2 198.1 316.2 514.3
Dec 49 61 36 146 17.4 163.4 71 110 181
2 Jan 88 128 69 285 30 315 172 220 392
Feb 52 70 36 158 44.3 202.3 90 162 252
Mar 45 63 28.3 136.3 11 147.3 89.2 165 254.2
0 Apr 26 22 19 67 12 79 40 72 112
May 118.2 135 78.2 331.4 49.2 380.6 52 44.1 96.1
Jun 113 87 49 249 31.3 280.3 148 221.2 369.2
0 Jul 561 538 291 1390 122.1 1512.1 127.3 93 220.3
Auq 260 241.2 121.1 622.3 38 660.3 239 302.2 541.2
Sep 102 96 69 267 80 347 120.3 184 304.3
6 Oct 132 207 111 450 82.2 532.2 150 133 283
Nov 96.2 100 59 255.2 18 273.2 184 226 410
Dec 33 38 26 97 7.6 104.6 94 129.2 223.2
2 Jan 45 50 19 114 10 124 130 98 228
0 Feb 96 52.1 37.1 185.2 53.3 238.5 106.2 91 197.2
0 Mar 95 84 68 247 41.2 288.2 126 85 211
7 Apr 103 104 61 268 29 297 93 79 172
Table - 32. Mean population size of each of the genus of omnivorous & predatory
Dorylaimida (OPD), Tylenchida and total mean population of OPD, predatory
Mononchida (Pre. Mon) and combined total mean population of omnivorous &
predatory Dorylaimida and Mononchida (OPD + M) / 250gm of soil at CUEF guava
orchard. [OPD: Dory - Dorylaimus, Apor - Aporcelaimellus, Disc - Discolaimus;
Tylenchid genera: Heli - Helicotylenchus, Hemi - Hemicriconemoides, Tyl:
Tylenchida]
OPD Total PRE. Total Tylenchida Total

Year Month Dory Apor Disc O PD MON. OPD+M Heli Hemi Tyi
2 May 14 10 6 30 80 110 26 10 36
Jun 56.3 69.2 32.3 157.8 30 187.8 147 39 186
0 Jul 72 96 45 213 182.2 395.2 141 35 176
Aug 21.2 19.1 13 53.3 72 125.3 44 9.3 53.3
0 Sep 10 11 12.1 33.1 84 117.1 19.3 7.4 26.7
Oct 39.3 48.5 15.3 103.1 156 259.1 54.3 23 77.3
4 Nov 9.3 8 4 21.3 17.3 38.6 99 102 201
Dec 20 23 12 55 16 71 71 24 95
o Jan 12 15.2 13 40.2 6 46.2 102.2 61.2 163.4
Feb 16 20 17 53 20.6 73.6 32 10.4 42.4
Mar 6 8 4 18 2 20 44.2 13.5 57.7
0 Apr 11 9 4.2 24.2 42 66.2 22 10.4 32.4
May 9 10 7 26 29.3 55.3 27 6 33
Jun 53.3 72.2 41.3 166.8 21 187.8 167.2 35 202.2
0 Jul 80 89.2 53 222.2 199 421.2 173 44 217
Aug 14 12 8 34 40.3 74.3 60.3 13.1 73.4
Sep 10 13 6 29 90 119 20 10.2 30.2
5 Oct 31.2 35 25 91.2 122 213.2 49 15 64
Nov 13 14.2 12.3 39.5 26.2 65.7 62 60 122
Dec 16 18 15.3 49.3 23.2 72.5 51.2 14.1 65.3
2 Jan 19 26 16 61 14 75 89 16 105
Feb 20.2 21.4 13.4 55 24.1 79.1 41.3 11.2 52.5
Mar 14 12 9 35 19 54 38 16 54
o Apr 19 15 10 44 37.2 81.2 20.2 12 32.2
May 18.2 14 10 42.2 58 100.2 14 10.1 24.1
Jun 56 59.2 24.8 140 53 193 112.2 23 135.2
0 Jul 75 67 52 194 172.4 366.4 110 41.3 151.3
Aug 23 23.2 15.5 61.7 85 146.7 112 43 155
Sep 25 26 9 60 80 140 32.1 12 44.1
6 Oct 59.4 50.3 38.4 148.1 128.2 276.3 29 18 47
Nov 21 20 11 52 30 82 83.2 62 145.2
Dec 14.2 15 7 36.2 12 48.2 84 30 114
2 Jan 9 12.1 5.2 26.3 3.2 29.5 104.4 43.1 147.5
0 Feb 21.4 22.4 16 59.8 15 74.8 31 21 52
0 Mar 8 6.4 4 18.4 8 26.4 34.2 22 56.2
7 Apr 12 11 7 30 41.4 71.4 23 19 42
Figure 62. Graphical presentation of monthly population fluctuation of Heticotytenchus (Heli),
Hoplolaimus (Hop) and total Tylenchida (Tyl) in relation to Mononchida (Mon), OPD and with
the combined population of OPD + M in Shalipur (West) guava orchard (Data shown in table 31)
Population of Hop, Heli, Tyl, Mon, OPD & OPD + M/250gm of
Months
Figure 63. Graphical presentation of monthly population fluctuation of Helicotylenchus (Heli),

Hemicriconemoides (Hemi) and total Tylenchida (Tyl) in relation to Mononchida (Mon), OPD
and with the population of OPD + M in CUEF guava orchard (Data shown in table 32)
Months
In CUEF orchard, Helicotylenchus showed similar positive correlation with
the OPD (r = (+) 0.6909, P < 0.001) and also with the population of OPD + M (r = (+)
0.5048, P < 0.001) but having negligible relation with mononchids alone (r = (+)
0.2224, P > 0.19). Almost no influence of the population of predators and omnivores
were noted on the population of phytophagous Hemicriconemoides (r lies between (-)
0.0358 to (+) 0.1668, P > 0.30). The total population of Tylenchida showed
significant positive correlation with the population of OPD and OPD + M (r lies
between (+) 0.4057 to (+) 0.5775, P < 0.02), having no influence of the population of
predatory Mononchida alone (r = (+) 0.1549, P > 0.30). The population data of
tylenchids, mononchids, omnivorous and predatory dorylaimids and the combined
population of OPD + M in CUEF guava orchard are shown in table 32, correlation
efficient in table 33 and the regression analyses are shown in figures 67 - 69.
In a nutshell, in both the orchards, the population growth of Helicotylenchus
showed strong positive correlation with the population of OPD and OPD + M but not
much affected by the population of predatory Mononchida alone. On the contrary,
population increase of Hoplolaimus and that of Mononchida, OPD and OPD + M
were positively interdependent in Shalipur (W) orchard, evident from their correlation
coefficients. The population of Hemicriconemoides, in CUEF orchard, was in no way
influenced by the population of omnivores and predators and vice versa (Table 33,
Figure 64 - 69).
Table - 33. Correlation coefficients (r) of different genera (Heli: Helicotylenchus,

Hop: Hoplolaimus, Hemi: Hemicriconemoides) and total population of Tylenchida
(Total Tyl) with Mononchida, omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida (OPD) and
with the combined population of omnivorous and predatory Dorylaimida and
Mononchida (OPD + M) in Shalipur (West) and Calcutta University Experimental
Farm (CUEF) guava orchard (* Significant correlation in bold faces, P < 0.05)
Omnivorous Shalipur (West) orchard CUEF orchard

& predatory
Heli Hop Total Tyl Heli Hemi Total Tyl
nematodes
Mononchida 0.3142 0.3485* 0.3283* 0.2224 -0.0358 0.1549
OPD 0.7577 * 0.8148* 0.7828* 0.6909* 0.1668 0.5775*
OPD + M 0.7410* 0.7977* 0.7659* 0.5048* 0.0748 0.4057*
Figure 64. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Helicotylenchus) in relation

with the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as mentioned on X - axis) in
Shalipur (West) guava orchard (Data shown in table 31)
^1200 -
| |y=0.4667x+73.773
c10Q0
. j r = 0.7577
i ip<0.001
150 500 1000 1500 2000

Population of OPD
CM
oo
y=0.4309x+69.221
O
oo
r = 0.741
P< 0.001
oo
CO
<D
oo
oo
-M*
<N
oo
500 1000 1500 2000

Population of OPD + M
Figure 65. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Hoplolaimus) in relation with
the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as mentioned on X - axis) in Shalipur
(West) guava orchard (Data shown in table 31)
rO- -
o
y = 0.2632X + 59.95
CD
Oo
r = 0.8148
lOo O
o o
P < 0.001
CO
CD
o Oo o
CM
T—
CD
Population of Mononcnida Population of OPD

M
D Oo Oo O o Oo Oo Oo O o
^ O)
Ul
W
N)
1 I----------------J
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Combined population of OPD + M
Figure 66. Linear regression of total tylenchid population {Helicotylenchus and

Hoplolaimus) in relation with the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as
mentioned on X- axis) in Shalipur (West) guava orchard (Data shown in table 31)
oo tooo ôo oo Ooo oo oo M-
CO
y = Q.7299X + 133.72
co co
Population of Tylenchida
r= 0.7828
^
P < 0.001
CM
cm
o
CO CD
co co -sr
CM
oo oo o
cm
Ol
oo
o
too
CM
oo
o
oo
Population of OPD
Population of Mononchida
N J ^ fflC O O W ^ fflC D
o oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
Ol
ooin
oo
o
8o
o
Figure 67. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Helicotylenchus) in relation

with the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF
guava orchard (Data shown in table 32)
Oo of f l oO ot N o O o c oO ot D o ' f oN
o 50 100 150 200 250

Population of OPD
y = 0.2189x + 38.064
r= 0.5048
P = 0.001
Combined population of OPD + M
Figure 68. Linear regression of tylenchid population (genus Hemicriconemoides) in relation

with the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF
guava orchard (Data shown in table 32)
Hemicriconemoides
Hemicriconemoides
Population of
Population of
0 100 200 300

Population of Mononchida Population of OPD
120 y = 0.0149x + 24.283

100 r = 0.0748
Hemicriconemoides
-
:p > o.6o
Population of
80 -
60 - •••
40
20
0
0 200 400 600
Figure 69. Linear regression of total tylenchid population (Helicotylenchus and

Hemicriconemoides) in relation with the population of omnivorous & predatory nematodes (as
mentioned on X - axis) in CUEF guava orchard (Data shown in table 32)
y = 0.1703X + 82.342
r= 0.1549
P > 0.30
Population of Mononchida
y = 0.5926x + 50.448
r= 0.5775 y = 0.2338X + 62.348
P < 0.001 r= 0.4057
P <0.02
CM
O
O
CM
to
O
CM
O
O
Population of OPD Population of OPD + M

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Taxonomic and Ecological Studies 35

Taxonomic and Ecological Studies 36

5. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

5.1.1. Dorylaimus geraerti Baqri and Jana, 1986

348.0pm; giandularium = 266.5 - 285.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end =

1249.5 -1401.4jam; anterior branch of gonad = 345.5 - 392.0pm; posterior branch of

length = 247.5 - 294.0pm; anal body diameter = 34.3 - 53.9p.m.

Male: L = 2.87mm; a =29.36; b = 4.27; c = 84.64; d = 0.64; T = 63.08%; odontostyle = 48.0pm;

73.5pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 36.

Male: Similar in morphology to those of females except the following. Testes

DISCUSSION AND REMARKS: Baqri and Jana (1986) described Dorylaimus

Figure 1. Dorylaimus geraerti. Female. A. Anterior end, B. oesophago -

Male. E. Posterior end showing ventromedian supplements, spicule & tail.

5.1.2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.

Figure 2. Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. xt. Female: A. Anterior portion of body

Plate 5. Photomicrographs of female Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.

Plate 5A. Photomicrographs of Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n.

MALE: H. Entire Body, I. Posterior end, J. Ventromedian supplements,

JUVENILE: L. Anterior end showing replacing odontostyle.

Table 1. Morphometric data on female Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. (All

Paratype females (4) Short

Paratvpe males (4) Juveniles (5)

Odontostyle length 41.5 46.5 44 2.5 1.44 34.0 38.0

supplements 32 36 33.66 2.08 1.2

Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Dorylaimus chatterjeei sp. n. can

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DORYLAIMUS DUJARDIN, 1845

5.1.3. Laimydorus baldus Baqri and Jana, 1982

width at vulva = 61.0 - 68.6pm; expanded part of pharynx = 215.6 - 221.0pm;

glandularium = 185.0 - 206.0pm; distance of vulva from anterior end = 929.0 -

980.0pm; length of anterior gonad = 549.0 - 580.0pm; length of posterior gonad =

= 167.0 - 186.0pm; anal body diameter = 24.5 - 31.85pm.

36.75pm; maximum body width = 61.2 - 69.0pm, length of pharynx = 439.0 -

spicule length = 47.0 - 52.0pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 24-28

Male: B. Entire body, H. Posterior portion showing ventromedian supplements, spicules

5.1.4. Laimydorus istvani sp. n.

Table 3. Morphometric data on female Laimydorus istvani sp. n. (All

Holotype Paraty pe females (11)

Table 4. Morphometric data on male Laimydorus istvani sp. n. (All measurements

Parabme males (9)

Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Laimydorus istvani sp. n. comes

Figure 4. Laimydorus istvani sp.n. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior end, E.

Male: B. Entire body, D. Cardia, G. Posterior end showing ventromedian

Plate 6. Photomicrographs of Laimydorus istvani sp. n. Female: A. Entire

Male: B. Entire body, H. Spicules, I. Tail end, J. Oesophago-intestinal junction

DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Khera (1970) described a new species Dorylaimus

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LAIMYDORUS ANDRASSY, 1969

11. Spear 40pm or longer............................................................................................12

5.1.5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius (Kerris, 1930) Andrassy, 1959

Number of males collected: 16

odontostyle = 9.8 - 11.76pm; odontostyle aperture = 2.94 - 3.92pm; odontophore =

36.0pm; expanded part of pharynx = 91 - 98pm; glandularium = 78.5 - 93.0pm;

- 279pm; length of posterior gonad = 161 - 277pm; prerectum = 51.5 - 73.0pm;

- 3.92pm; odontophore = 13.72 - 17.64pm; maximum body width = 32 - 39pm;

part of pharynx = 83.0 - 112.0pm; glandularium = 81.34 - 89.0pm; prerectum = 76 -

- 12.0pm; Number of Ventromedian supplements = 10-12.

Figure 5. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius. Female: A. Entire body, C. Anterior

DISCUSSION AND REMARK: Keris (1930) described Dorylaimus mesonyctius

5.1.6. Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n.

Male: Not found

Type Specimens: Holotype registration number WN 1019 along with paratypes on

Paratvpe females (7)

Differential Diagnosis and Relationship: Indodorylaimus mannai sp. n.

Plate 7. Photomicrographs of Indodorylaimus tnannai sp. n. Female: