Group 4: Diaz, Go, Salazar, Pesico
it becomes congested
MOVEMENT SYSTEM
• The usefulness of any piece of land,
whether urban, suburban, or rural
depends on the existence of road to
serve it.
• Primary Consideration: adequacy of
both circulation access
Circulation Access includes
 Pedestrian
 Vehicular
 Public Transit Movement
Systems
Circulation System
 Vehicular Circulation: primary structure
in a land use plan determining the
location of various utilities,
communication networks, and
pedestrian circulation systems
 It is a standard to begin placing the
surface road on the site in land planning
and site planning, which determines the
pattern of land use.
 Roads Systems must be carefully
adopted to the topography
Grid system: road and streets are made equally
spaced which are perpendicular to each other.
 Convenience and are often used
through its simplicity
 Provide a sense of orientation
 Can be use on a slope site, if it is
carefully executed
 Can handle or control an increasing
capacity of traffic
 Becomes ineffective in circulation when
Radial system: a channel of straight circulation
connecting from a center point
 A typical pattern originated from
traditional city growth from the original
settlement
 Its disadvantage is its congested
channels which converge to the center
point
 The solution to its problem is by
applying by passes that connects to
outlying hubs and redirects the flow to
another channel
Linear System: A circulation of single line or
parallel line that connects between two points
 The flow of circulation is an on and off
movement in its branches and can
impede the traffic that is present
 Such routes that are lined up with
commercial and other business
buildings has a chaotic visualization
Curvilinear System: It follows the topographic
land and aligns itself to the natural contours
 It has a characteristic in reducing speed
because of its curving path and works
best when used in a small scale
 It has an interesting layout because of
its site adaptability and better views
Movement system: Vehicular circulation
• The development/potential in a piece of
land is determined by its system of
traffic access to the land
• It improves one’s experience around
the road while inside the car so that it’s
as pleasant as possible
 Basic Categories:
1. Freeway/expressway/motorwa
y Vertical Curves
2. Arterial Streets/Highway
3. Collector-Distributor Streets
4. Local Access Streets
Freeway/Expressway/Motorway: It allows a
huge volume of traffic and movement around
an urban area
1. Cross traffic isaccomplishing and
eliminates traffic by applying
overpasses and underpasses
2. Designed for fast traffic and controlled
entrance and exit
Arterial Street/Highway: A vehicular channel
and are continuous that is connected to the
expressway by the means of an on and off ramp
that are placed and located carefully
 Two and three lanes wide in each of its
direction
 Prohibited on street parking
 A high capacity urban road and delivers
traffic from collector road to freeway
and expressway
 A backbone of a traffic network and
should be designed to afford the
highest level of service
Collector-Distributor Street: A transmission
that serves between an arterial and local access
street of a neighbourhood
 Provide access to any residential land
Types of Control Devices
 Traffic signals are needed when it
intersects with an arterial street
Local Access Street: provide access to low
intensity uses fronting on them
 Unlimited pedestrian use
 They carry low traffic flow
 Unrestricted curbside parking
 Such streets consist of cul-de-sacs or
combination of the two
 Provides a comfortable transition
between two different grades avoiding
overly steep inclines, sudden bumps
and hollows
 Sight distance are kept long, so as to
maintain a relatively distant forward
view for the driver
 It is needed once traffic volume exceeds
3000 cars per hour
1. Cloverleaf: (type of interchange) most
common type of grade separation
intersection which based on a system of
right turns
2. Direct-Left Turn Interchange: use where
two freeways intersects, this is a more
complex configuration and much
expensive than the cloverleaf but it
allows a more high-speed lanes and
transitions
3. Diamond Intersection: used where
freeways are intersecting on a
secondary road. Economically known
and occupy little space. Its known for its
ramp grade, its important characteristic
 Stop Signs
 Traffic Signals
 Turning Lanes
 Islands
 Medians
 Grade Separation
Some Road Design Criteria Used in

 Roads with heavier traffic are designed  Heavy rail platforms

with a 6 inch curb and gutter
 Residential Street: 4 inch “roll curb”/
simple gravel shoulders flanked by
narrow drainage devices
 Major roads/ lanes: between 11 and 12
feet wide
 Two lane highways with 9’ shoulders on
either side is 40’-42’ wide
 Parking lanes 8’ wide
 Planting strips for trees: 7’ wide
 Simple ground covers: 4’ wide
Tactile paving
-a surface pattern indicator of textured ground
which are found on footpaths, stairs, and train
station platforms to help assist people who are
visually impaired.
 Off street LRT platforms
 Underground platforms
Lozenge Tactile
- (also known as “platform edge (on-street)
warning surface”) it warns visually impaired
people that they are approaching the edge of
an on-street light rapid transit (LRT) platform
-it comprises rows of high lozenge shape which
have round edges so as not to cause any trip
hazard. Parallel to the platform edge and should
not be installed closer to the said edge so as to
give sufficient time for the visual impaired
people to react and stop walking
-Accompanied by buff colors or any color other
than red that contrast the surroundings

-it provides a distinctive pattern on the surface
that are detectable by a long cane or underfoot
to alert visually impaired people who are
approaching a hazardous area, street or change
of grade
Blister Tactile
-used in pedestrian crossing in the absence of a
change in height, differentiate between where
the footway ends and carriageway begins
Corduroy Hazard Warning Tactile
-it warns visually impaired people of the
presence of specific hazards, steps, levels,
crossing or the approach of an on-street LRT
platform
-it consists of rounded bars running transversely
across the direction of pedestrian travel. Buff
color or any color other than red that contrast
the surroundings

-it consists of rows of flat topped blisters in a Used in:

square pattern and red in color.
 Top and bottom of stairs
Offset Blister Tactile  Foot of the ramp
 Level crossing
- (also known as “platform edge (off-street)
 Where a footway joins a shared route
warning surface”) it warns visually impaired
people of the edge of all off-street railway
platforms

-its surface consists of flat topped domes

(blisters), spaced apart from the center of one
dome to the next and accompanied by a color
that contrast the surroundings.
Cycle way Tactile
-Used in conjunction with a segregated shared
cycle track or footway to advice visually
impaired people of the correct side to enter
-the central delineator strips keeps the said
pedestrian people to the pedestrian side
-it comprises a series of continuous raised, flat
topped bars and a central delineator strips with
slopping sides, flat top and are made of white
material
Directional/Guidance Tactile
-People along the route when the traditional
cues such as property line or curb edge are not
available and around obstacles
-it consists a series of raised flat topped bars
running in the direction of pedestrian travel and
are colored that contrast to the surrounding
area
Bollards: a short post designed to guide traffic
and protect from vehicle intrusions. Bollards
can be manufactured and installed to withstand
significant vehicle impacts, but they can also be
used as visual barriers.
Traffic Calming: the use of design elements to
increase driver awareness and slow vehicle
speed
 Narrow streets result in slower vehicle
speed
 Use of visual clues, narrow lanes, and
physical barriers protects pedestrian at
a busy intersection
Ex. Choker: This is the name given to build-
outs added to a road to narrow it. There are
various configurations of chokers, but the
philosophy is to narrow a road to change its
perception to drivers.
Cul-de-sacs: (dead end) sometimes called
a dead-end street, a street with only one
inlet/outlet. It is usually used for a dead end
that has a circular end.
 Length should not exceed 400’, with a
minimum turn-around of 80’ in
diameter
Roundabouts
 It creates a situation that requires the
drivers to slow down and allows traffic
to move smoothly through the
intersection
 It increases the driver’s awareness as
they observe the change in traffic
pattern, slower speed, and create a
much safer environment for pedestrian