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Report Date: October 2017

Data Source: National Bureau of Statistics

Brief Methodology 1

All Items Index 5

Food Index 6

All Items Less Farm Produce 7

Infographics 9

Statistical News 13

Acknowledgements/Contacts 22
 The CPI measures the average change over time in prices of goods and services consumed by people for day-to-
day living. The construction of the CPI combines economic theory, sampling and other statistical techniques using
data from other surveys to produce a weighted measure of average price changes in the Nigerian economy. The
weighting occurs to capture the importance of the selected commodities in the entire index. The production of
the CPI requires skills of economists, statisticians, computer scientists, data collectors and others.

Key in the construction of the price index is the selection of the market basket of goods and services. Every
month, 10,534 informants spread across the country provide price data for the computation of the CPI. The
market items currently comprise of 740 goods and services regularly priced.

The first stage in the calculation of the CPI is the collection of prices on each item (740 goods and services) from
outlets in each sector (rural or urban) for each state. Prices are then averaged for each item per sector across the
state. The next step is to use the average price to calculate the basic index for each commodity: The current year
price of each commodity is compared with a base year's price to obtain a relative price.

Next we use the Laspeyres formula to compute an aggregated index for each class (which has a multitude of
commodities which have similar consumption purposes): Here the sum of the product of weights (obtained from
the expenditure survey) and relative prices for each item is divided by the sum of the weight of the items in that
class, and the result multiplied by 100 gives the required index number. This index number is still classified
according to the urban or rural classification sector for each of the 36 states and the FCT. This yields 85 classes
then 48 groups which are then reclassified into 12 Divisions to derive:

1. The country composite index

2. The Urban National index
3. The Rural National index
4. The Combined Urban and Rural State Composite index

The survey methodology generates 3774 all items indices for all states and the FCT.

This edition of the Statistical News contains the revised Consumer Price Index (CPI) based on Nigeria Living
Standard Survey (NLSS) 2003/2004. The consumption expenditure data were re-valued to November 2009, which
is the base period for the revised CPI.

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Consumer Price Index
 The May 2003 and September 1985 based indices are being continued using factors derived from the new CPI.
These indices will yield the same price change for any commodity group contained in all the series.

A new sub index – Imported Food Index- is available in the revised CPI.

Note: The urban and rural indices were weighted with the ratio of their populations to the national i.e. 0.455 and
0.545 respectively to compute the composite indices at the 12 Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose
(COICOP) functions and all items levels. This may cause variance between a recalculated all items index using the
weights published on table 2 and the published all items index because the published weights were computed
only from consumption expenditure survey result. The following breakdown highlights a non-exhaustive list of the
components of the current CPI:

The following breakdown highlights a non-exhaustive list of the components of the

current CPI:

FOOD AND Bread and Milk, cheese and

Food cereals Meat Fish eggs Oils and fats
NON-ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES

Potatoes, Yam & Food products Coffee, tea and

Fruit Vegetables other tubers n.e.c cocoa Soft drinks

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Consumer Price Index
 CLOTHING AND
FOOTWEAR
Clothing
materials, other Cleaning, repair and Shoes and other Repair and hire of
articles of clothing Garments hire of clothing footwear footwear

Actual and imputed Miscellaneous services

HOUSING, WATER, rentals for housing Water supply relating to the dwelling Electricity

ELECTRICITY, GAS

Gas Liquid fuel Solid fuels

Furniture and Carpets and other floor

FURNISHINGS,
furnishings coverings Repair of Furniture Household textiles
HOUSEHOLD
EQUIPMENT

Major household Repair of Glassware, Domestic services

appliances whether household tableware and Non-durable and household
electric or not appliances household utensils household goods services

HEALTH

Pharmaceutical
products Medical services Dental services Paramedical services Hospital services

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Consumer Price Index
 Motor cars Motor cycles Bicycles Vehicle spare parts
TRANSPORT

Fuels and lubricants Maintenance and Passenger transport

for personal repair of personal Passenger transport Passenger by sea and inland
transportation transport by road transport by air waterways

COMMUNICATION

Postal services Telephone and telefax equipment Telephone and telefax services

EDUCATION

Books & stationery

RESTAURANTS AND
HOTELS

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Consumer Price Index
 Accommodation services

Catering services

MISCELLANEOUS
GOODS AND
Hairdressing salons
SERVICES and personal Appliances, articles
grooming and products for Jewellery, clocks and
establishments personal care watches Insurance Other services

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Consumer Price Index
 The Consumer Price Index (CPI) which measures inflation increased by 15.98 percent (year-on-year) in September
2017. This was 0.03 percent points lower than the rate recorded in August (16.01) percent making it the eighth
consecutive decline in the rate of headline year on year inflation since January 2017.
Increases were recordedin all COICOP divisions that yield the Headline Index.

On a month-on-month basis, the Headline index increased by 0.78 percent in September 2017, 0.19 percent
points lower from the rate of 0.97percent recorded in August.

The percentage change in the average composite CPI for the twelve-month period ending in September2017 over
the average of the CPI for the previous twelve-month period was 17.17 percent, showing 0.16 percent point
lower from 17.33 percentrecorded in August 2017.

The Urban index rose by 16.18 percent (year-on-year) in September2017, up by 0.05 percent point from 16.13
percent recorded in August and the Rural index increased by 15.81 percent in September downfrom
15.91 percent in August.

On month-on-month basis, the urban index rose by 0.84 percent in September 2017, down from 0.99 percent
recorded in August, while the rural index rose by 0.74 percent in September 2017, down from 0.95 percent in
August.

The corresponding twelve-month year-on-year average percentage change for the urban index decreased from
18.15 percent in August to 17.87 percent in September, while the corresponding rural inflation rate in September
was 16.52 percent compared to 16.58 percent recorded in August 2017.

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Consumer Price Index
 Food price pressure continued into September as all major food sub-indexes increased. The Food Index increased
by 20.32 percent (year-on-year) in September, up marginally by 0.07 percent points from the rate recorded in
August (20.25 percent).

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Consumer Price Index
 The rise in the index was caused by increases in prices of potatoes, yams and other tubers, milk cheese and eggs,
bread and cereals, coffee tea and cocoa, soft drinks, fish, meat and oil and fats.

On a month-on-month basis, the Food sub-index increased by 0.87 percent in September, downfrom 1.14percent
recorded in August.

The average annual rate of change of the Food sub-index for the twelve-month period ending in September 2017
over the previous twelve month average was 18.88 percent, 0.31 percent points from the average annual rate of
change recorded in August (18.57) percent.

The ''All Items less Farm Produce'' or Core sub-index, which excludes the prices of volatile agricultural produce
eased further during the month of September to 12.10 percent points from 12.30 percent recorded in Augustas

all key divisions which contributes to the index increased.

On a month-on-month basis, the Core sub-index increased by 0.80 percent in September, lower from 0.93 percent
recorded in August.The highest increases were recordedin clothing materials and articles of clothing, solid fuels,
garments, passenger transport by air, motorcycles, shoes and other footwear, furniture and furnishing and non-
durable household goods.

The average 12 month annual rate of change of the index was 14.90 percent for the twelve-month period ending
in September 2017, this is 0.47 percent points lower than 15.37 percent recorded in August.

8
Consumer Price Index
 9
Consumer Price Index
 ( (

Bread & Cereals Coffee Tea & Cocoa

Potatoes, Yams Milk Cheese & Eggs,
& Other Tubers

Meat Oil & Fats

Soft Drinks Fish

The CPI (Consumer Price Index) measures the average change over time in prices of goods and services consumed
by people for day-to-day living i.e it measures the inflation rate

1
Consumer Price Index
0
 ( (

HIGHEST INCREASE RECORDED IN

The CPI (Consumer Price Index) measures the average change over time in prices of goods and
services consumed by people for day-to-day living i.e it measures the inflation

1
Consumer Price Index
1
 ( (

HIGHEST INCREASE RECORDED IN

1
Consumer Price Index
2
 ( (

The CPI (Consumer Price Index) measures the average change over time in prices of goods and
services consumed by people for day-to-day living i.e it measures the inflation rate

( (

The CPI (Consumer Price Index) measures the average change over time in prices of goods and
services consumed by people for day-to-day living i.e it measures the inflation rate

1
Consumer Price Index
3
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 We acknowledge our technical partners, Proshare in the design, concept and production of this publication.

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Consumer Price Index
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